Moral consideration of plants for their own sake
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The Swiss Constitution knows three forms of protection for plants: the protection of biodiversity, species protection, and the duty to take the dignity of living beings into consideration. The constitutional term ‘living beings’ encompasses animals, plants, and other organisms. Previous discussion relates the term dignity of living beings to the value of the individual organism for its own sake. Given the legal interpretation, the general ethical questions remain unanswered: do we have moral obligations towards plants and why? The concept of dignity of living beings clearly refers to the protection for their own sake, not to the protection for the sake of others. The Federal Ethics Committee on Non-Human Biotechnology ECNH was mandated by the Swiss administration to clarify the meaning of this concept for the handling of plants in research. Since for plants – unlike animals – it is almost impossible to refer to moral intuition, a theoretical approach was followed. Which fundamental ethical positions actually are open to the moral consideration of plants for their own sake? What is the individual entity of a plant? What is the weight of a moral obligation towards plants compared to moral obligations towards other living beings? In April 2008, the ECNH presented a report that analyses these questions. The report not only caused some controversy in Switzerland, but also internationally. This paper intends to present the contents of the ECNH-report as well as to critically discuss the committee’s majority opinion.
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