The Organisation of Retailer-Manufacturer Relationships
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An examination of the retail sector displays a wide variety of organisational forms used to manage vertical relationships between food retailers and their suppliers. Evidence of collaborative, partnership type relationships has been found and detailed by earlier researchers (Fearne, 1996; Hughes, 1994) while new forms of market type arrangements, exploiting the possibilities presented by new technologies, have also emerged (IGD, 2001). This paper seeks to identify the determinants of the degree of inter-firm integration between retailers and their suppliers. The findings are based on a study of ninety-seven trading relationships between Irish food manufacturers and their Irish and British grocery customers. It identifies the set of characteristics that promote domesticated types of trading arrangements or relational contracting as observed by Arndt (1979), MacNeil (1981) and Williamson (1991). The role of specific investments, retailers’ monitoring of suppliers, balanced dependency, interdependency, expectations of relationship continuity and attractiveness, retailers ability to sanction their suppliers, and the product brand portfolio traded are empirically supported in determining the mode of governance between retailers and their manufacturers
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