Contemporary concepts in the aetiology and prevention of mycotoxicoses in livestock and poultry

T. K. Smith

Contemporary concepts in the aetiology and prevention of mycotoxicoses in livestock and poultry

In: The mycotoxin factbook

Author:

T. K. Smith

T. K. Smith Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 311–328

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/9789086865871_019

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The frequency and severity of mycotoxicoses appear to be increasing globally. Analytical surveys indicate that while aflatoxin has long been recognised as a significant problem, Fusarium mycotoxins are now understood to cause major economic losses in both temperate and tropical climates. It is also now clear that combinations of mycotoxins arising from blends of contaminated ingredients in finished feeds can cause toxicological synergism, which increases the severity of mycotoxicoses. This is particularly true for Fusarium mycotoxins, which result in conditions such as immunosuppression and increased production losses arising from disease challenge. When mycotoxins cannot be eliminated from raw materials due to adverse climatic conditions pre-harvest or due to poor storage facilities, therapeutic and preventative strategies can be employed to minimise production losses and to ensure safety and wholesomeness of foods of animal origin. Therapeutic strategies include nutrient fortification, which minimise mycotoxin-induced damage to target tissues such as liver and promote mycotoxin metabolism and excretion. Preventative strategies include the use of organic and inorganic mycotoxin adsorbents, which minimise intestinal absorption of mycotoxins and promote their faecal excretion. Studies of the feeding of combinations of Fusarium mycotoxins to starter pigs indicate that appetite suppression is the major cause of reduced growth. Such diets also result in reduced appetite when fed to sedentary horses. When metabolic energy requirements are increased, however, such appetite suppression is largely overcome. This has been observed in gestating sows and exercised horses. Laying hens also more readily consume Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated grains compared to broiler chicks, turkeys and ducks. The behaviour of reduced feed intake serves as a natural mechanism to protect animals from the adverse effects of mycotoxins on metabolism. When such behavioural mechanisms are overridden, greater metabolic toxicity is seen. When mycotoxins cannot be eliminated in animal and poultry feeds, preventative strategies can be employed to maximise production efficiencies and to ensure food safety.

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The mycotoxin factbook

E-Book ISBN:: 9789086865871

Publisher:: Wageningen Academic

Print Publication Date:: 10 Oct 2006

Subjects
- Life Sciences

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Contemporary concepts in the aetiology and prevention of mycotoxicoses in livestock and poultry

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The mycotoxin factbook

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