Biological remediation of alkaline cement kiln dust for sustainable environment

P. Kunal; A. Rajor; R. Siddique

Biological remediation of alkaline cement kiln dust for sustainable environment

In: Industrial, medical and environmental applications of microorganisms

Authors:

P. Kunal

P. Kunal ¹School of Energy and Environment, Thapar University, Patiala 147004 Punjab, India; kunal_pau@yahoo.co.in

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A. Rajor

A. Rajor ¹School of Energy and Environment, Thapar University, Patiala 147004 Punjab, India; kunal_pau@yahoo.co.in

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, and

R. Siddique

R. Siddique ²Department of Civil Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala 147004 Punjab, India

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 52–58

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/9789086867950_008

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The problem of disposing and managing solid waste materials in the industrial countries has become one of the major environmental, economical, and social issues. During manufacturing of cement a waste by-product, known as cement kiln dust (CKD) is generated which accounts for 15-20% of the cementclinker production. In year 2012, 3,400 million metric tons of clinker was produced worldwide resulted in approximately 510-680 million metric tons of CKD generation. CKD is removed from the cement kiln as a precaution against materials such as heavy metals, chlorides and alkalis that may cause the clinker to be out of specification limits. CKD that cannot re-utilize goes to landfill and poses threat to environment due to heavy metals and alkalinity. Therefore it is necessary to remediate cement dust before landfilling or utilizing. In this study, we aimed to reduce the alkalinity of CKD by isolating a bacterial isolate from textile industry effluent capable of growing under highly alkaline conditions (pH 11-12). CKD used in this study had pH 12.15 and contains high alkali content (1,467 mg/l) in leachate. CKD treated with Bacillus sp. KGMD1 showed decrease in 1.66 pH units and 69.8% alkalinity in leachate after 20 days of treatment at 35±2 °C. Decrease in 24.11% (compound percent) K₂O, 8.85% SO₃ content (analyzed by EDX technique) and absence of crystalline alkali sulfate phases (using XRD) in powdered CKD treated with bacterial isolate was also observed. Study was also conducted on the metal content in the cement dust. After bacterial treatment decrease in concentration of Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ag, Cd, Ni, Zn and Mo was observed compared to control treatment. This showed that CKD with reduced alkali and metal content on land filling imparts a less negative impact on environment and contamination of soil and groundwater could be minimized.

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Industrial, medical and environmental applications of microorganisms

Current status and trends

E-Book ISBN:: 9789086867950

Publisher:: Wageningen Academic

Print Publication Date:: 01 Nov 2014

Subjects
- Life Sciences

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Biological remediation of alkaline cement kiln dust for sustainable environment

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Industrial, medical and environmental applications of microorganisms

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