Synthetic biology, genetic engineering in the wild, and biological diversity

K. Hagen; M. Otto; K. Stracke; M. Engelhard

Synthetic biology, genetic engineering in the wild, and biological diversity

in EurSafe2024 Proceedings

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K. Hagen

K. Hagen ^*Corresponding author, e-mail: kristin.hagen@bfn.de

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M. Otto

M. Otto
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K. Stracke

K. Stracke
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M. Engelhard

M. Engelhard
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Art:: Kapitel

Seiten:: 391–397

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004715509_064

Angemeldet über:

Dar Hadith al Hassania

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To date, most genetically modified organisms (GMOs) outside closed systems are crops, which have the potential to become harmful to ecosystems for example by releasing toxins or becoming invasive, and therefore ought not to spread outside agricultural areas. However, the contrary paradigm is currently attracting attention in research and policy: Increasingly, research is being conducted on GMOs that are intended to get established and/or spread in nature. The research is fuelled by technological transformations like digitalisation that have given rise to the field of synthetic biology. With the ongoing joint global climate, biodiversity and food crises, a view of humans as able and (morally) permitted to more actively interfere in nature has become a (contested) legitimisation for such research agendas. Contrary to nature conservation’s paradigm of precaution with regard to GMOs, synthetic biology is even targeting species protection as a potential area of application. The present paper presents a perspective of the German Federal Agency of Nature Conservation (BfN), a nature conservation authority which is also involved in GMO authorisation procedures. We briefly address potential impacts of wild living GMOs, the international policy discourse and the role of the statutory foundations and values of nature conservation for the assessment of GMOs in the wild. We argue that the urgency of combating biodiversity loss is not a justification for the use of genetic engineering in nature. Rather, the crisis justifies the implementation of effective measures to prevent further pressure on nature by overuse, contamination or the release of GMOs in the wild, where impacts on nature are too complex to be scientifically evaluated in a relevant time frame. These measures ought not to be undermined by overconfidence in technical solutions.

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EurSafe2024 Proceedings

Back to the future - Sustainable innovations for ethical food production and consumption

ISBN:: 9789004715509

Verleger:: Wageningen Academic

Print-Publikationsdatum:: 03 Sep 2024

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Synthetic biology, genetic engineering in the wild, and biological diversity

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EurSafe2024 Proceedings

Back to the future - Sustainable innovations for ethical food production and consumption

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