The real(izable) price of climate-smart and healthy diets: a capacity-sensitive approach
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In this study we ask what the real price of climate-smart and healthy diets is and how to calculate it. The affordability of healthy and climate-smart eating has generated much discussion and empirical research in recent years. For example, many authors studied the affordability of the ‘Planetary health diet’ (suggested by the EAT-Lancet commission). Studies often calculate the median price of a planetary health diet and compare it to the income levels of populations or their low-income subgroups. However, something else than price counts in determining the opportunities for dietary transition in higher-income countries. In this context, some studies have found no correlation between the nutritional adequacy of diets and income level, and calculations on the minimum cost of a healthy and climate-smart diet have also shown that a transition towards healthier and climate-smart eating could even reduce grocery spending. Still, many people also report in surveys that the price of plant-based foods (constitutive to dietary transitions to healthier and climate-smart eating) is one of the main barriers that prevent them from engaging in dietary transition. We suggest a new framework for approaching the ‘real price’ of a climate-smart and healthy eating as a primarily capacity-dependent, and only secondarily income-dependent, matter. Our primary interest is in the transition required in the European and North American eating patterns, due to which we focus on plant-based protein sources and fruit and vegetable consumption as the key issues of dietary transition. Based on previous empirical studies and the conceptualization of dietary transition related capacities, we create a capacity framework that determines the range of available food products that a consumer can use to engage in dietary transition. Discussing the preliminary findings of the application of this approach, we show how non-monetary assets may significantly reduce the ‘real price’ of a healthy and low-carbon diet, which has significant implications on the discussions and policies regarding just and equitable dietary transitions.
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