Toxicology of yessotoxins and other DSP-related toxins

A. Tubaro; A. Giangaspero

Toxicology of yessotoxins and other DSP-related toxins

In: Mycotoxins and phycotoxins

Authors:

A. Tubaro

A. Tubaro DEMREP, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy; tubaro@units.it

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A. Giangaspero

A. Giangaspero DEMREP, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy; tubaro@units.it

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 289–296

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/9789086865857_031

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Yessotoxin (YTX) and its analogs are lipophilic polyether compounds initially presumed to belong to Diarrheic Shellfish (DS) toxins, since they were detected together with okadaic acid (OA) and its derivatives, the major toxins of this group. Unlike OA, YTXs are not diarrheic and their toxicological potential is unclear. Only few data on the acute and short term toxicity of YTX and its analogues are available, mostly after intra-peritoneal (i.p.) administration. However, the toxicity of YTXs after i.p. injection is quite different from that after oral administration, the common human exposure route. After i.p injection, different lethality data (LD₅₀), ranging from 80 to 750 μg/kg are reported for YTX. Despite these discrepancies, the observed symptoms are similar. Mice treated with both YTX and homo-yessotoxins (homoYTXs) were restless and jumped before death, but microscopy examination did not show significant changes in the main organs. Some ultrastructural alteration was observed in the heart tissue of mice i.p. treated with 1.0 mg/kg. After acute oral administration no lethality was detected for YTX (doses ranging from 1.0 to 54 mg/kg) and for homoYTXs (1-2 mg/kg). YTX and homoYTX (1-2 mg/kg) did not provoke any sign of toxicity. Only some ultrastructural changes in the myocardium, similar to those described after i.p. injection, were observed. After repeated oral administration (7 days) no mortality or other signs and haemato-clinical changes related to the treatment were observed in mice treated with YTX (2 mg/kg/day) or its analogues (1 mg/kg/day). Only by transmission electron microscopy were some changes (rounded mitochondria) in the myocardiocytes adjacent to capillaries observed. Although other studies are necessary to clearly define the toxicological profile of YTXs, their toxicological potential after oral exposure seems to be limited.

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Mycotoxins and phycotoxins

Advances in determination, toxicology and exposure management

E-Book ISBN:: 9789086865857

Publisher:: Wageningen Academic

Print Publication Date:: 30 Oct 2006

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- Life Sciences

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Toxicology of yessotoxins and other DSP-related toxins

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Mycotoxins and phycotoxins

Advances in determination, toxicology and exposure management

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