New plant breeding technologies: US Department of Agriculture policy

Margaret Rosso Grossman

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New plant breeding technologies: US Department of Agriculture policy

In: The functional field of food law

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Margaret Rosso Grossman

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 397–416

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/9789086868858_028

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Genetically modified crops play a significant role in US agriculture. Federal statutes and regulations help to ensure that crops developed with rDNA techniques are safe to grow, to eat, and for the environment. Recent legislation requires labels for genetically modified food; new policy documents exist; and agencies are developing updated regulations. New breeding technologies, many characterized as gene editing, offer a low-cost, accessible way to insert, delete, or replace DNA to develop new varieties. CRISPR and other new breeding technologies offer promise to developers and producers. Crops produced by these technologies, which do not use rDNA techniques, may lack a ‘regulatory trigger’ (an applicable statute or regulation), and the US Department of Agriculture has declined regulatory jurisdiction over many varieties. The USDA issued a formal policy stating that it will not regulate organisms developed with specific new breeding technologies. A European Court of Justice decision adopted a more cautious approach that is likely to subject most varieties developed with gene editing to the GMO regulatory process. Different regulatory standards for new breeding technologies in the US and the EU may result in trade and other issues. Because innovative biotechnologies may prove critical in providing food and feed for growing populations, regulatory requirements should be flexible, adaptable to rapid scientific development, and related to the risk posed by new technologies.

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The functional field of food law

Reconciling the market and human rights

Series: European Institute for Food Law series, Volume: 11

E-Book ISBN:: 9789086868858

Publisher:: Wageningen Academic

Print Publication Date:: 28 Nov 2019

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- Life Sciences

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New plant breeding technologies: US Department of Agriculture policy

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The functional field of food law

Reconciling the market and human rights

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