Index
Abulafia, David (1949–)
291
The Boundless Sea
291
acculturation
175, 175n
Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa de 1990 (AOLP)
6n7, 9
Africa, accounts of
249
cannibalism
251, 260–265
culture
14, 250, 258, 265, 291, 317
east
78, 246, 248–249, 263, 265, 292
fashions
251
funeral rites
171, 256
government
251, 256–257
industries
259
kingship
256–257
law & justice
253
language
252, 262, 302–303, 320
marriage
249, 251–252, 258
medicine
251, 259
society
248–249, 251–252
songs
107, 259
witchcraft
259–260
African languages in Brazil
74–76, 78
Afro-diasporic community
93
Afro-Sri Lanka Portuguese
98, 100, 103
Afro-Sri Lankans
94, 97–98, 109–110
agreement
1, 27, 36, 47, 49, 53–58, 67, 122, 144, 178, 358
Alex, Shireen (1965–)
98, 102
Ali, Monica (1967–)
291, Alentejo Blue
Allina, Eric (c. 1969–)
260–262, 264
Amado, Janaína (1947–)
270, 278n16
Ambrósio, António (1925–2004)
177–179, 178n2
Amis, Kingsley (1922–1995)
291, I like it Here
Ana Miseliya (1914–1999)
98, 103–104
Anglo-Portuguese Studies
289–290, 300
Angoche (Nampula Province, Mozambique)
250
Angola
1–2, 9–10, 15, 28–31, 37, 76, 78n10, 80, 83, 97, 168, 188, 270, 278, 280, 280n23, 291, 302, 302n2, 302n3, 303, 303n3, 304, 304n5, 305n7, 306–307, 314–316, 316n12, 317–321, 348–349
Angolan Portuguese
25–26, 31, 38, 97
Archaic Portuguese (P.A.)
2, 151
Asian Literature
332
assimilação
15, 140, 303, 317, 352
see also portugalisação
Atlantic Studies
290
Atlas Digital da América Portuguesa (c. 2015–)
352
attitudinal variation
34
Australia
15, 289, 293, 295–296, 300, 332
Auto de Floripes
165, 169, 169n, 175–176, 177n, 178
autochtonous movements
14
Axelson, Eric (1913–1998)
248
Ayutthaya
187, 189–192, 194–197, 200–201, 348
Burmese invasion of Ayutthaya in 1568–1569
191–192
expulsion of Portuguese from over Picnic Incident, 1636
195, 200
fall of Ayutthaya in 1767
192
French in Ayutthaya
197–198
goods (traded) from Ayutthaya
194, 194n6, 201
Jesuit missions to
191
Portuguese language in
201, 203
Portuguese mercenaries in
193–194
religious communities in Ayutthaya
197
as yet unanalysed Portuguese documents relating to
191
Azores
249, 290
Banda desenhada (comic format)
7
baptism
119, 123, 156, 248, 250
Barbosa Machado, Diogo (1682–1772)
248
Barreto, Francisco (1520–1573)
246
Barretto de Pinna, Captain Francisco (Ayutthaya, c. 1614–1696)
191
Barretto de Rezende, Pedro (secretary to Viceroy Linhares, fl. 1614–1646)
249, 263
Barros, João de (1496–1570)
2, 4
Batavia
108, 117–118, 118n1, 119–121, 123, 189, 196, 200–201, 292
Beach, Prof. David (Norman) (1943–1999)
248
Beads
255
Beijing
144, 157
Bem-te-vis (auto-denomination of rebellious liberals in Maranhão)
216, 216n7, 217, 219n13, 222, 222n3, 223, 225, 227–230, 233–238, 240–242
Bemtevi (newspaper)
221–226
Benjamin, Walter (1892–1940)
334
Betawi (the indigenous population of Jakarta)
122, 125–127, 131, 131n, 134, 138–139
betelnut
259
Bhasha (regional languages of India)
331, 333
Bíblia Almeida (first published 1681)
3
Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro
248
black Portuguese
120
Black(s)
77, 87, 167–168, 233, 237, 239
Bororo (region adjoining Mozambique)
263
Botelho, João (1949–)
351
Botongas
263
boy/boyhood
302–309, 309n9, 310–321
see also childhood
Braun and Vollendorf, Theorising the Ibero-American Atlantic (2013)
290
Brazil
1, 11, 13–14, 25, 27–30, 35–36, 39, 44, 44n, 45–48, 48n, 49–53, 55, 59–60, 63, 66–68, 74, 74n1–2, 75, 77, 80–81, 84, 86–87, 87n23, 97, 168, 169n, 188, 191, 216n6, 217, 217n, 220–221, 222n24, 225n27, 229–232, 237, 248, 259, 269–270, 279, 291, 328, 340, 349–350, 354, 359
Brazilian Portuguese
10, 14, 25–26, 28, 31, 38, 38n, 39, 44, 44n, 45, 48, 48n, 51, 56, 60, 66, 68, 75, 75n4, 97, 216n5, 218n11, 351
Brazilians
27, 36, 218, 222, 229–231, 237, 240
Burgher(s)
96, 102–103, 109, 137, 139, 351 (see also Portuguese Burghers in Sri Lanka)
Burma
192, 196, 202
Cabanos (Maranhão conservatives)
222, 222n, 228–231, 236, 239–240
Caboclo (s) (Brazilian peasant class)
225, 225n27, 229, 229n37, 231–232, 236–237, 239–240
Cabra(s) (people of colour)
216, 216n6, 222, 222n24, 231–232
Camões, Luís de (1524–1580)
2, 147, 313
Cañizares-Esguerra (c. 1963–) and Benjamin Breen (1985–)
290–291
cannibalism
251, 260, 263–265
Cantigas de Santa Maria (1221–1284)
2
Canton
15
Cape Verde
97, 290, 302, 348
Capitão mores (Captains General)
191
captain’s monopoly
249
Carnation Revolution 1974 (Revolução dos Cravos)
8, 11, 188, 328
carreira da Índia (sea-route to the Indies)
253
casado (married man)
117
Castelo Branco, Francisco Lopes (rebel leader in Brazilian North-East, fl. 1839)
226–228
Castelo Branco, João da Mata (rebel commander in Brazilian North-East, fl. 1839–1840)
229n36, 235, 237–238
Castro, Brian (novelist, 1950–)
295, 300
Castro, Joaquim Magalhães de (c. 1965–)
8, 202
Catholicism (popular)
77, 109, 117, 203, 224, 226, 228–229, 241
Chagas, Cosme Bento de (maroon leader c. 1800–1842)
235, 237, 239–242
child/childhood/children
15, 37–38, 85, 88, 97–98, 104, 106, 125, 129–130, 137–138, 146, 148, 151n5, 152n8, 187, 197–198, 201, 232, 236–237, 241, 254–255, 258, 261–263, 265, 272, 279, 281, 295, 303–309, 309n9, 310, 314–321, 338
China
25, 37, 144, 147, 151, 155, 157, 159, 191–192, 291, 328, 330, 332, 359
Chinese
118n, 124, 127, 131n, 134, 139, 144–146, 146n1, 147–148, 151–157, 159–161, 190–192, 196, 200, 247, 292, 299, 332, 336, 344–345
Chiziane, Paulia (1955–
6–7, 11
Christianity
117, 126, 129, 224, 249
Cinema
348–351
CIPM (Corpus Informatizado do Português Medieval)
357
clan(s)
119n2, 120, 122–124, 130, 194
clitic
35, 60–66, 68
cloth/clothes/clothing
34–35, 84, 100, 168, 171, 194, 247, 251, 254–255, 258–259, 278, 319, 339
Maluane (Mozambique)
247
Coates, Timothy (historian, 1952–)
270
Cochinchina
196–197, 201n9, 202
Codeswitching
6
Coelho, João Paulo Borges (Luso-Mozambican writer, 1955–)
298
Cold War
317
Colebrooke Cameron Commission (f. 1833)
95
collocation analysis
353
COLONIA (corpus of texts from 12–16th century)
357
Colonial language policies
93
colonial stereotypes (racial degeneration)
187, 204
colonialism
14, 167, 176, 204, 300, 302–303, 314–315, 338, 339n8
colonisation
44, 46, 76, 76n7, 87, 167–168, 177, 179, 269, 279–280, 321
colonists
165, 168, 175–176
community of Portuguese-speaking countries (Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP))
1, 9, 11, 27, 29, 31, 39, 97, 289, 348
concubinage
267–276, 282–284, 348
conflict between French Vicars Apostolic and Padroado priesthood
203
Constitution (of Brazil, 1824)
218, 220, 223, 226–230, 233–234, 237n55
contact zones
13
contempt for African languages in Brazilian literature
87
continuous variant
52, 68
continuum
48, 52–54, 58–59, 58n, 61, 63–67, 291
access to internet and use of its tools
48
orality-literacy
48, 52–53, 63, 66, 398
speech-writing
58n, 59, 67
stylistic monitoring
48, 59, 66
urbanisation
48–49, 51, 53, 56
Coque (Manoel Rodrigues Ferreira Coque, rebel leader fl. 1839)
234
Cortázar, Julio (Argentian writer, 1914–1984)
342
Cortesão, Jaime (Portuguese medic and historian, 1884–1960)
248
cotton
85, 219, 225, 259
Couto, Mia (1955–)
11, 289
creole/s
75n6, 76n7, 147–149, 153–154
culture
149, 165
language
4, 7, 15, 24, 47, 96–98, 108, 110, 118, 120–121, 126–131, 139, 147, 165, 167n3, 168
people
75, 75n6, 80–82, 80n13, 84–85, 168, 175, 256, 258, 265, 292
Portuguese
4, 7, 15, 47, 75, 76n7, 95–96, 118, 121, 126, 131, 139, 204, 256
society
167–168, 302
creolisation
47, 55, 154–155, 167, 241, 318
crime
commutation of sentences for
271, 274–275, 277, 281–282
experience of
269
facilitation of
276–278
fines for
271, 275, 277, 282
sentencing of
267–284
sexual
276–278
cross-lingual laws of semantic change
357–358
Cruz e Souza, João de (Brazilian writer 1861–1898)
88–89
Cuba
317–318
cuisine
14, 118, 144, 147–148, 151, 153–160, 292–294, 350
cultural identity
147, 158–159, 295
culture
13–14, 28, 68, 77, 109, 119, 121–122, 127, 147, 151n5, 153–154, 156–158, 161, 165, 167–168, 172–174, 176, 221, 226, 242, 246, 250–251, 258, 265, 290, 292, 294–296, 298–300, 303, 306–307, 317–318, 326, 329, 350, 350n, 351
Danço Congo (pantomime dance of São Tomé)
175, 178
da Mata, Joāo Rui Guerra (Portuguese film director, 1966–)
351
de Carvalho, Estevāo (1808–1846, editor of Bemtevi)
221, 223
de Lima, Luís Alves (Duke of Caxias, 1803–1880)
215, 235, 235n52, 237, 238n57, 238n58, 240–241
de Oliveira, Fernāo (1507–c. 1581)
2
de Souza, Francisco S.J. (1628–1713)
249n2
decolonisation
11, 187–188, 214, 229, 321
deconstructing European exceptionalism
204
decreolisation
55, 96
degredo (banishment)
14, 269, 273–275, 277, 280
Depok (Java)
126, 139
Derrida, Jacques (1930–2004)
150
descent
15, 75, 76n7, 89, 95–96, 109, 117, 121–122, 124–125, 145–146, 204, 269, 274n6, 292, 351
Dialectical diffusion theory
6
Dias, Baltasar (playwright, c. 1515–1580)
165–166, 169–170, 176–179
Dias, Gonçalves (Brazilian Romantic poet, 1823–1864)
87
Diglossia
6
discontinuous feature
49
discontinuous trait
49
discontinuous variant
51–52, 63, 67
discourse patterning
353
dictionaries & glossaries
3–4
Dominicans
191, 247–248, 251
mission
246–247
at Monomotapa’s court
248
donatory captaincies
249
dos Santos, Pedro Alexandrino (rebel leader, fl. 1839)
227
Dutch
4, 93, 95, 102n, 104, 117–118, 120–121, 123–126, 130–131, 134, 134n, 137, 139, 144, 188, 191–192, 194–197, 200–201, 204, 248, 291–292, 296, 300
Dutch East India Company
118. See also Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie
East Timor
28, 31, 39, 97, 328
Eaton, John Henry (English colonial legislator in Ceylon, 1829–1906)
96
Eça de Queirós, Joaquim Maria de (Portuguese literary figure, 1845–1900)
291
ecclesiastics
as authority figures
191, 197, 268, 270–272, 276
as clergy
203, 271–272, 274, 282
as sexual partners
268, 271–272, 274, 282
economic laggardness
5
Emiliana, Marcus Jerome (1933–)
98, 105
Equality (struggle for)
230, 240
Estado da Índia
11, 188, 192, 194–195, 200n7, 247–249, 255
Ethiopia
191, 247–248
ethnic group(s)
78, 78n10, 94, 96, 127, 130
ethnolinguistic communities
93
etymology
47n, 148n, 165
Eurasians
121, 130, 131n, 146, 195, 203–204, 292–295, 297, 300
European mastery of African languages
76
European Portuguese
10, 14, 25–26, 28, 31, 36, 38–39, 44, 44n, 48n, 96–98, 100–103, 351
European(s)
76n8, 87n22, 121, 124, 130, 139, 167, 197, 204, 254, 257–258, 261, 265, 294, 303, 313
exile
240, 267–271, 271n2, 272–273, 274, 274n7, 275–277, 277n13, 278, 278n16, 279–284
facilitation of (sexual crimes)
276–278
fines for facilitation
271, 275, 277, 282
fairs
247, 255
families
76n7, 117, 119n, 120, 122–124, 126, 128n, 130, 130n, 131, 137–139, 145–146, 152, 155–156, 159, 169, 172, 201, 204, 267, 277, 280, 282, 292
Fernandes, Henrique de Senna (Macanese novelist, 1923–2010)
156, 293, 351
filiation (literary)
302, 305
film
165, 293n, 348–352
folk theatre
348
folklore
10, 169, 176–177
forros (here São Tomé’s creoles)
168, 172
Francisco Lopes Castelo Branco (rebel commander from Piauí family, fl. 1839)
226–228
Francisco Sergio de Oliveira (military commander in government army, fl. 1840)
216
freedom (Struggle for)
240
Freyre, Gilberto (1900–1987)
9, 175
fusion
5, 49, 148, 153–155
galego-português
2
Gbe languages
76, 76n8, 84
Geertz, Clifford (1926–2006)
148
genealogy/genealogies
119, 119n, 122, 127, 198
“General Council” (extraordinary assembly of Brazilian citizens in Independence tradition)
227, 228n31
Gilroy, Paul (1956–)
290
The Black Atlantic—Modernity and Double Consciousness
290
Global Portuguese
1, 7, 11, 13–14, 25, 189, 191, 289, 348, 356
globalisation
34, 318, 325, 335, 349
Globish
1
Goa
15, 117, 149–152, 151n4, 188, 191, 195, 201, 203, 246, 268–269, 284, 291–292, 295, 326–329, 333, 337–339, 341–342, 342n, 348, 350
Godinho, Nicolau S.J. (1561–1616)
248
gold mining
246, 251, 254–255, 279
trade
11, 188, 254–255, 339
Gomes, António, S.J. (fl. Mid-1620s–1648, Goa)
biography
246, 248–265
in Luabo
248
in Quelimane
248
religious ideas
249–251
Viagem
248
Gordimer, Nadine (1923–2014)
334
gradual traits
49
grammars (gramáticas)
4
Guinea Bissau
2–6, 28, 97, 302, 348
Hall, Stuart (British sociologist, 1932–2014)
154
heritage
14–15, 86, 93, 103, 110, 118, 147, 157, 173–174, 204, 318, 327, 348, 350–351
Hespanha, António Manuel (Portuguese historian, 1945–2019)
94
heterosexism
306, 311, 315–316
hierarchies of language (Português padrão)
8
Hobsbawm, Eric (1917–2012)
158
Hong Kong
144, 150, 153, 156–157, 158n10, 159, 292, 295, 324, 343
hunting
128, 169, 238, 251–252, 256
hybrid
144–145, 151, 153–154, 157, 195, 290, 298, 300, 306–307, 315, 317, 320
hybridity
154, 195, 298, 306, 313
identity
14–15, 26, 36–37, 44–45, 52, 66, 68, 85, 93–94, 102, 109–110, 119–120, 144, 146, 146n, 147–148, 157–160, 203, 229, 294–298, 300, 302n2, 310–313, 315, 318, 329, 332, 348–349
incarceration
267, 270, 272, 275, 302
independence (of Brazil)
74, 74n, 75, 214, 217n, 220, 225
India, Indian(s)
13, 121–122, 145–146, 149–150, 188–189, 191, 200n, 204, 259
Indian Ocean slave trade
93
indigenous
122, 147, 151, 201, 239
languages
15, 94, 108
people/population
124, 146, 157, 195–196, 204, 219, 225n27, 229, 229n37, 314
indigo
259
Indo-Portuguese
96, 108, 139, 149, 151n4, 327
Indo-Portuguese of Ceylon (see also Sri Lanka Portuguese)
96, 98
Indonesia
117, 120–127, 129n7, 130–132, 139–140, 291, 293
Indonesian(s)
117, 119, 121, 125, 130–131, 131n9, 138, 150, 151n5, 196, 294, 332
Inhambane (Mozambique)
78n10, 80, 246
intermarriages
121, 125–127, 130–131, 138
international language
7, 25–26, 31, 37–39
irony detection
358, 359
isoglosses
353
Jaga (west-central African group)
262
Japan
1, 144, 146, 149, 194, 196, 247–248, 330
Java, Javanese
117, 125–127, 129–130, 130n, 131, 134, 138–139, 139n14
Jesuits
3, 8, 191, 200, 246–249, 251
College
252
in Zambesia
246
mission in east Africa
246–248
Jews
250
John Bowring’s trade mission of 1855
203
Karanga (Lower Zambezi)
247, 254–255, 263
Keroncong Tugu (traditional Tugu music)
118, 119n
Kimbundu (Bantu language)
4, 47n, 74, 76, 302, 303, 305–306, 306n, 307, 309, 309n9, 320–321
kinship
15, 101, 117, 119, 123, 132n, 137, 146
terminology
131–132, 134, 137, 139
knowledge transfers
348
Konkani (Indo-Aryan language)
4, 292, 328, 333, 350, 350n
Kristang (Malacca Creole)
134, 150–152, 150n
language
policies
36, 40, 93, 98, 110
language spread policies (LSP s)
2
Languages of Wider Commmunication (LWC s)
10
Lazaroo, Simone (1963–)
295, 299–300
The World Waiting to be Made
295–296, 298–299
The Australian Fiancé
296
Sustenance
296
The Travel Writer
296–297
Leão, Duarte Nunes de (1530–1608)
4
lexica of affectivity
353
lexical variation
34
Liberal Party (nineteenth-century Brazil)
218
Liberal/s
215–216, 220, 222–229, 231, 234–235, 241
Liberalism
216, 220–222, 241
popular liberalism
214, 242
Lichtenstein, Alex (c. 1966–)
267
lingua franca
7, 15, 46n5, 94–96, 131, 291
Linguistic Atlas of Brazil-ALIB project (c. 2010–)
354
linguistic DNA project (AHRC grant number AH/M00614X)
354
linguistic diversity in Brazilian history
75, 77
linguistic heterogeneity
77, 94
linguistic imperialism
15, 93
link language
93–94
Lisboa, João Francisco (Brazilian journalist and politician, 1812–1863)
223–224, 224n
literacy among enslaved people
83, 110
Literatura Indo-Portuguesa
327, 339n8
literatura ultramarina
327
Lopes, Lívio (rebel leader)
225
local literature
327
lost Eurasian population
204
Lourenço Eduardo (1923–2020)
9, 355
Loyola, Ignatius SJ (1491–1556)
3, 247–248
Luanda
1, 302–305, 302n3, 307n, 309n10, 317–318, 320
Luandino Vieira, José (1935–)
15, 302–311, 314–317, 320–321
luso-tropicalism
167, 175, 175n, 179
Lusófonia/Lusophony
2, 8, 25, 36, 38, 328
lusotropicalism
8–9, 11
Lustro (anti-portuguese riot)
220, 222
Luuanda
302–303, 305–306, 309, 314
No antigamente na vida
305–306, 309
Macanese
14, 144, 146, 146n, 147–151, 151n4, 152, 152n8, 153, 155–157, 157n, 158–160, 160n11, 161, 292–293, 332, 342, 351
Macau
25, 37, 97, 144–146, 146n, 147–153, 155–158, 158n, 159–161, 291–292, 293n, 295, 348, 350–351
Macua
252, 264
Madeira, Diogo Simões (fl. end of 16th century–1641)
263
Maharashtra
338
Malacca
10, 108, 117–118, 144, 149, 150n, 151–152, 191–192, 196, 201, 204, 248, 292–300, 348
Malay
4, 118, 122–123, 131, 149–150, 150n3, 151–152, 204, 292, 294
Malaya, Malaysia
146, 149–150, 150n6, 289, 292–293, 293n, 297
Manifesto em Defesa da Língua Portuguesa (2008–2009)
9
manja (Sri Lanka Portuguese dialectical chant-like song)
94, 102–104, 110
Maracci, Giovanni SJ (1637–1704)
246, 248
Maravi (confederacy ruled from a king in Malawi)
256
Mardijker(s) (‘native Christians’)
15, 119–124, 139
Marginalised languages
110
Mariano, Luís SJ (1581–1640)
249
Maroons
167, 219, 225, 239, 241
Marques, Helena (1935–2020), Os Ibis Vermelhos da Guiana
290
marriage
119, 121, 125–127, 130–131, 138, 140, 146, 249, 251, 258, 268–269, 272–274, 277, 294
masculinity
303, 310–311, 314–315
Matuzianhe (rebel, Monomotapa fl. 1607–1609)
263
Melaka (see Malacca)
291
Messianism
8
Mestizo
121
Metalanguages
2
migrants
121–122, 129
migration
49, 117, 127, 267–269, 276, 280–283, 290, 295, 325, 337, 348–349, 351
as solitary
267, 269, 281–282
as state-sponsored
268, 276, 283
coercive or involuntary
267–269, 276, 280, 282
internal
49, 270–271, 273–274, 280, 283
overseas
267, 269–274, 278, 280–283
of women
283, 348
Military Council (Rebel supreme command)
225, 227, 227n29
Miller, Joseph
262, 264
missosso
305, 305n, 309
mobility
1, 48, 79, 127, 139, 269, 280, 282–284
Mocaranga (Monomotapa)
254, 263
Monclaro, Francisco SJ (1531–1595)
246, 249
Monomotapa empire of
246, 248, 254, 263
and gold mining
251, 254–255
litigation (impofias)
253
submission to Portuguese
248
Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA)
303–304, 304n5, 315–316, 316n, 317–319
Mozambican cinema
349
Mozambican Portuguese
10, 25–26, 31, 38, 97, 349
Mozambique
28–31, 37, 78n10, 80, 82, 85, 88, 93, 97, 168, 188, 246, 248, 250, 252, 255–256, 263, 280, 291, 302, 302n2, 348–349
Mozambique Island
246–247, 252
Mudenge, S.I. (Zimbabwean historian, fl. 1974–1988)
265, 265n
multiethnic nation
93
multilingualism
93, 303, 306–307, 317–318
multi-word expressions (MWE s)
355
Museu da Língua Portuguesa
6
Muslims, Sri Lankan
109, 129, 249–250
musseque (peripheral urban shanty-town)
306, 306n, 307, 310, 313
Muzura (King fl. c. 1615–1650, today’s Malawi)
256, 261–263
nakedness
258, 343
name/s
32–33, 35, 76n8, 78n10, 80, 84–85, 103, 108, 117–124, 126–127, 129, 134n, 137–139, 145, 147–148, 150, 152–153, 157–158, 160n11, 165, 176, 188–189, 191, 198, 200, 216, 216n7, 218n9, 219, 234, 250, 263, 293–294, 299, 302n2, 304, 307, 319, 334, 339
family
120, 122–124, 127, 139 see also surname(s)
naming of the language after Independence: “Brazilian language”
74–75, 86–87
national literature/s
332, 337, 342
nationalism
130, 294, 302–303, 305–306, 309, 311, 313, 315–318
cultural
303
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
353
Nehru, Jawaharlal (1889–1964)
338, 340
neo-Firthian corpus linguistics
353
Newstead, Robert (1788–1865)
95
Nheengatu
46n3, 46n4
Nobili, Roberto de SJ (1577–1656)
265
Noronha, H. de (fl. 1980)
248
nostalgia
305, 317, 320
Nyonya, Nyonya-Baba
151, 151n5, 152, 154
official language
15, 25, 28, 37, 93, 97, 303, 303n4, 348
Oliveira, Fernão de (1507–c. 1581)
2
Ondjaki (1977–)
9, 15, 302–305, 316–320
AvóDezanove e o segredo do Soviêtico
303–305, 318–319
Bom dia camaradas
303, 305, 317
Os da minha rua
303, 317–318, 320
onomasiological profiles
32–34
onomasiological variation
31–32
Orientalism
326
Orientalism
328
Ormuz
248
Orsini, Francesca (1966–)
331, 341
Os Javalis de Codval
328, 339n8
Paes, Pedro SJ (1564–1622)
265
Pais, Epitácio (1924–2009)
324, 329, 343
PALOP (Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa)
1, 29–31, 37, 39
patois
147, 150–151, 151n4, 153, 203
patriotism
220, 229–230
peasantry (also see caboclos)
219
Pedro I (Emperor of Brazil, 1822–1831)
214, 220
Pedro II (Emperor of Brazil, 1840–1889)
59n11, 228, 233–237, 240
Pedrosa (rebel leader) (fl. 1838–41)
238–240
Pejambon
125, 130–131
People of Colour
79, 216n6, 230–233, 242
Pepetela
304n5, 315–316
Pereira, Nun’ Alvares (–1631)
248, 250
performance/s
13, 102, 147, 165, 169–171, 173–174, 176–177, 177n, 223, 311, 351
Pessoa, Fernando (1888–1935)
9, 12
Phases of Portuguese imperialism
188
Phillipson’s global language status criteria
7
Piçarra, Maria do Carmo (fl. 2006–)
350
pidgin
4, 15
Pimenta, Pedro (1955–)
349
Pinheiro, Vincent (fl. 1691–1698)
200–201
Pires de Figueiredo Camargo, Vicente Tomás (provincial president) (1799–1855)
223
plantation colony
165
plantation economy
167–168, 219
play
165–167, 169, 169n, 170, 174–179
plurality of norms
46, 48
pluricentric grammars
40
pluricentric language/s
5, 5n4, 25–27, 31, 38, 38n, 40, 45, 352
pluricentric standardisation
26, 38–39
pluricentricity
26–28, 34, 38n1, 39, 348
pluricultural
93
Polícia Internacional de Defesa do Estado (PIDE)
302n1, 337, 338n6
political culture
221, 226, 242
popular theatre
165, 173, 179
Portugal
1–2, 5, 7–9, 11, 13–14, 25, 27–29, 35–36, 38–39, 74–76, 146, 149, 155, 157, 167, 169n4, 173–175, 178–179, 188, 203–204, 214n1, 220, 228n31, 249, 252, 254, 267, 269–272, 273n5, 274–275, 277, 278n16, 279–280, 283, 289–291, 299, 300, 302, 302n2, 314, 327–329, 338, 339n8, 348–349, 351–352, 359
Português Brasileiro (PB)
10 (see also Brazilian Portuguese)
Português Europeu (PE)
10 (see also Brazilian Portuguese)
Português Hispánico (PH)
10
Portuguese (in Maranhão)
229, 231
Portuguese Burghers in Sri Lanka
351 (see also Burghers)
Portuguese of Brazil
44, 44n, 45, 47–48, 48n, 51–53, 55, 59–60, 63, 66–68
portugalisação
303
Portuguese Colonial War
328, 351
crown
248–249
in Zambesia
246–247, 250, 256
Portuguese Creoles
11, 15, 97, 118, 121, 126, 131, 139, 204, 351
Portuguese creoles in India
204
Portuguese imperial retrenchment
195–196
Portuguese imperialism
348
Portuguese in 19th century (Rattanakosin) Thailand
202–203
Portuguese language and national identity in Brazil
74–75, 86
Portuguese language presence on Net
352
Portuguese murders of Dutch personnel
195
Portuguese renegadism
117, 192
postcolonial
1, 9, 93, 289–292, 295, 297–298, 300, 305–306, 313, 315–317, 320–321, 325, 325n, 326–329, 331, 340, 349
Post-creolisation
110
Prefeito (police chief)
218, 223, 228–229
Prémio Camões
6
Príncipe
97, 165, 167, 167n, 168–169, 169n, 170, 172n7, 174n12, 176, 177n
process of Portuguese learning among enslaved Africans
82, 86, 88
Protestant(ism)
120, 125–127, 129, 131, 197, 201, 296
Puttalam
95, 97, 99, 108–109
Quelimane
247–248, 252, 259, 264
Querimba Islands
247
Quilombo/s (runaway communities)
47, 47n, 219, 239, 241
Quiteve
254
race/racism
8, 154, 191, 292, 302, 309–310, 312, 314–316
Rádio Televisão Portuguesa Internacional (RTPi)
2, 13, 349–350
rationalist and romantic models
36
rationality
251, 254, 257–258, 260, 265
recruitment
228
re-enslavement (fear of)
233
re-latinisation of Portuguese language
3, 6
Regency (Brazilian government, 1831–1840)
214–215, 217, 234
regional rebellion in Brazil
214–215
reinvention of difference
11, 14
Reis, Fernando (1917–1992)
169, 175–179
Relationship with English imports
5
resistance
14–15, 76, 85, 88, 271, 294–295, 303, 305, 315
resistance to Portuguese cultural and linguistic assimilation
15
revolution
302, 316–318, 320–321
revolutionary language
302
rhetorical strategies in recent Portuguese letters
356
Ribas, Tomaz (1918–1999)
175
Ricci, Mateo (1552–1610)
265
Rocha, Maria Elsa da (1924–2007)
326
Rodrigues, Augusto do Rosário (1910–1999)
326–327
Rodrigues, João Pedro (1966–)
351
Romantic movement and definitions of a literary language
74n3, 86–87, 328
Rui, Manuel (1941–)
304n5, 315–316
runaway slaves
75, 75n6, 80
Russell-Wood, A.J.R. (1940–2010)
269
salt
149, 194, 259
Santos, João dos (–1622)
247, 260
São Luís, Frei Francisco de (1766–1845), a.k.a. Cardinal Saraiva
5
São Tomé
15, 97, 165, 167, 167n3, 168–170, 172n7, 174–179
São Tomé e Príncipe
165, 167–168, 170, 172n7, 174n12, 349
Sardessai, Laxmanrao (1904–1986)
338n8
Schuchardt, Hugo (1842–1927)
96, 118
Schwarz, Roberto (1938–)
340
Seabra, Manuel de (1932–2017)
327–328, 339n8
SemClinBr (Brazilian electronic corpus of clinical notes)
357
Sena
4, 78n10, 247, 259
sexual relations
267–271, 276–277, 283
Shanghai
156, 157n9, 292, 302, 330–332, 334
Shelley, Rex (1930–2009)
293, 293n1
The Shrimp People
293–294
People of the Pear Tree
294–295
shipwreck
249, 252–253, 253n, 264
Silveira, Gonçalo da (1526–1561)
246, 251
canonisation of
247–248
murder of
246
silver mines
248, 254
Sinhala language
93–94, 97–98, 102–104, 108–110, 351
Singapore
15, 152n6, 289, 292–296, 300
Sinhala Only Bill
93
Sirambiyadiya
93–98, 103, 109–110
slave and Black resistance through language and culture
76–77, 79, 84–85, 88
slave trade
illegal in Brazil after 1850
75n6
impact on Brazilian society
74, 78
Indian Ocean
93, 97
slavery
8, 74n2, 75, 75n6, 80, 84–86, 88, 168, 214n3, 231–233, 241, 251, 260
smiths
259
Soares, Gaspar (fl. 1610)
247
social classifications based on language
75, 81
social outflow to the Indies
188
socialist/socialism
305, 316–318, 320
Sociolectometry
31
Sociolectometric methods
32
sociolinguistic polarisation
48, 50–51, 67
sociolinguistics
45, 352
Sofala
246–247, 255
sorcery
257, 259–260
South America
87n22, 246, 290
Sousa, Nalini Elvino de (fl. 2018–)
349
Soviet/Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
317–319
spirit mediums
246
Sri Lanka
13, 15, 93–98, 120, 137, 292, 348, 351
Sri Lanka Portuguese (SLP)/Ceylon Portuguese/Indo-Portuguese of Ceylon
93–94, 96–98, 100–103
standard
25, 50, 52–53, 55, 57–59, 61, 63, 66–68
standard norm
25, 50, 52, 58–59, 61, 66, 68
standardisation
25, 34, 37–39, 53, 59n, 332
substratum languages
104, 110
sugar
150, 156, 167, 174, 177–179
Suleiman Cassamo (1962–)
11
surname(s)
78n10, 120, 122, 124–126, 137, 139, 168, 337n5
symbolic role of Tupi language in Brazilian literature
86
Tamil language
4, 93–94, 97–98, 104, 108–110, 120
Tchiloli
10, 15, 165, 165n1, 167, 169–172
Tete
247
Textual Zone
328, 334
‘The great unread’
325–326, 334
Theories of origin of the Portuguese language
4
Thonburi kingdom
192
Three Ages of Portuguese Empire theory
1–2, 11–14: Global Portuguese
Timor
28, 31, 37, 39, 97, 125, 149, 189, 295, 327–328, 342, 350
Tonga
263
tragédias
165, 172–173
translation
13, 15, 37, 39–40, 104, 154, 160n13, 169n, 248, 304n6, 324–325, 325n, 328–334, 342–343, 353, 355
transmission of oral narratives
15
Treaty of Berlin 1885
11, 188
T-Sne embeddings
355
Tugu
117, 117n1, 118, 118n, 119, 119n, 120–125, 125n, 126–128, 128n, 129, 129n7, 130, 130n, 131–132, 134, 134n, 135–138, 138n, 139, 348
Tupinambá
4, 46, 46n3, 46n4
UNESCO
148, 153, 157, 174, 174n14
uneven and combined development
335
urban slavery
78–80
Urry, John (1946–2016)
159
varca
246
variation
45, 48, 51–52, 56, 66–67, 104, 106, 134, 337, 353
variationist sociolinguistics
27, 353
variety
5n4, 11, 27, 33, 36, 44–45, 47, 66, 146, 204, 267, 276, 290, 294
Venuti, Lawrence (1953–)
330
Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC)
118, 120, 126, 194, 196–197
Vernacular languages
93–94, 98
literature
334
Vertua, Julio César SJ (fl 1620)
249
Vito, Christian de (1976–)
267
weaving
259
Whites
87, 168, 229, 231–232
witchcraft
241, 251, 259–260, 264–265
women
11, 14, 79, 98, 117, 120–121, 125–127, 134, 139, 145–146, 151, 152n, 152n8, 172, 176, 187, 192, 229, 236–237, 250, 256–257, 261–263, 265, 267–278, 278n16, 279–284, 296–297, 299, 306–308, 315–316, 321, 348–349, 356
women as
accomplices to crime
267, 276, 278, 281–282
companions
267, 272, 276, 281–284
concubines
267–276, 281–284
convicts
267, 269–270, 273, 276, 280–283
mothers
272, 276, 279–280
sisters (in-law)
276, 279–280
wives
267, 276–281, 284
World Literature
324, 324n1, 325, 325n, 326–335, 340–342
WPP (World Population Prospects)
28, 31
Xavier, Francis SJ (1506–1552)
247–248
Zambesi river
256, 261, 263
boatmen
259
Jesuit mission
246
map of
247
settlements on
255, 258, 262
Zimba
261–263
Zimbabwe
246, 291
map of
247
university of
248