Dietary pulses alone or as part of high-fibre diets and glycemic control: a review of the clinical evidence

A.J. Carleton; J.L. Sievenpiper; A. Esfahani; J.M.W. Wong; H.Y. Jiang; R.P. Bazinet; E. Vidgen; D.J.A. Jenkins; C.W.C. Kendall

Dietary pulses alone or as part of high-fibre diets and glycemic control: a review of the clinical evidence

In: Dietary fibre: new frontiers for food and health

Authors:

A.J. Carleton

A.J. Carleton ¹Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, 61 Queen Street East, Toronto, ON, M5C 2T2, Canada; cyril.kendall@utoronto.ca
³Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada

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J.L. Sievenpiper

J.L. Sievenpiper ¹Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, 61 Queen Street East, Toronto, ON, M5C 2T2, Canada; cyril.kendall@utoronto.ca
³Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada

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A. Esfahani

A. Esfahani ¹Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, 61 Queen Street East, Toronto, ON, M5C 2T2, Canada; cyril.kendall@utoronto.ca
³Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada

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J.M.W. Wong

J.M.W. Wong ¹Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, 61 Queen Street East, Toronto, ON, M5C 2T2, Canada; cyril.kendall@utoronto.ca
³Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada

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H.Y. Jiang

H.Y. Jiang ¹Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, 61 Queen Street East, Toronto, ON, M5C 2T2, Canada; cyril.kendall@utoronto.ca
³Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
⁶Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada

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R.P. Bazinet

R.P. Bazinet ³Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada

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E. Vidgen

E. Vidgen ¹Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, 61 Queen Street East, Toronto, ON, M5C 2T2, Canada; cyril.kendall@utoronto.ca
³Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada

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D.J.A. Jenkins

D.J.A. Jenkins ¹Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, 61 Queen Street East, Toronto, ON, M5C 2T2, Canada; cyril.kendall@utoronto.ca
³Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
⁴Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
⁵College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada

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C.W.C. Kendall

C.W.C. Kendall ¹Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, 61 Queen Street East, Toronto, ON, M5C 2T2, Canada; cyril.kendall@utoronto.ca
³Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
⁵College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 493–511

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-692-2_035

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Dietary non-oil seed pulses (chickpeas, beans, peas, lentils, etc.) are a good source of slowlydigestible carbohydrate, fibre, and vegetable protein and a valuable means for lowering the glycemic index of the diet. Diabetes guidelines currently recommend the consumption of dietary pulses as a means of optimising diabetes control. To assess the evidence that dietary pulses may benefit glycemic control, we reviewed randomised controlled experimental trials of ≥ seven days duration investigating the effect of pulses alone or as part of highfibre diets on markers of glycemic control in people with and without diabetes. Evidence from 22 trials supports a decreasing effect of dietary pulses on fasting blood glucose and glycosylated blood proteins. There was also evidence of a decreasing effect on fasting blood insulin, supportive of an insulin-sparing mechanism. Interpretation of the clinical trial evidence, however, was complicated by considerable heterogeneity in the direction and magnitude of the effects across trials. Effects appeared to be influenced by varying trial conditions related to diabetes status; pulse type, physical form, and dose. We conclude that pulses alone or as a means of increasing fibre in high-fibre diets may improve markers of longer-term glycemic control in humans with the best evidence for subjects with diabetes, pulse type as chickpeas or black beans, or follow-up > four weeks. Interpretation of these trial data would be helped by meta-analyses with extensive subgroup and meta-regression analyses to explore these differential benefits and identify the sources of heterogeneity. There remains a clear need for large, well designed clinical trials.

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Dietary fibre: new frontiers for food and health

E-Book ISBN:: 9789086866922

Publisher:: Wageningen Academic

Print Publication Date:: 30 Oct 2010

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- Life Sciences

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Dietary pulses alone or as part of high-fibre diets and glycemic control: a review of the clinical evidence

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Dietary fibre: new frontiers for food and health

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