Dietary fibre: insights and opportunities

M.I. McBurney

Dietary fibre: insights and opportunities

in Dietary fibre: new frontiers for food and health

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M.I. McBurney

M.I. McBurney Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., 45 Waterview Boulevard Parsippany, NJ 07054, USA; Michael.McBurney@dsm.com

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Art:: Kapitel

Seiten:: 151–166

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-692-2_012

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Dietary fibre consists of all carbohydrate components occurring in foods that are nondigestible to mammalian enzymes. Although health organisations around the globe recommend increased consumption of dietary fibre, the potential benefit to humans varies with food source, fibre type and physiological function. The direct benefits of eating fibre-rich foods can be classified into two categories. (1) Small Intestinal Effects: eating fibre-rich foods/meals, especially those increasing intestinal viscosity, can delay gastric emptying and/or the digestion and absorption of nutrients from the small intestine into the bloodstream. These direct effects within the intestine can have important postprandial metabolic effects, e.g. blood glucose and appetite management. (2) Large Intestinal Effects: the ingestion of fibre-rich foods increases the amount of digesta entering the large intestine, stimulating anaerobic bacterial fermentation in the large bowel, increasing microbial production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and sometimes increasing faecal mass; the latter depending mostly upon the unfermented fibre residue and its water-holding capacity. SCFA are important fuels for human cells which are capable of oxidative metabolism, e.g. colonocytes, affect cell differentiation, and upregulate the expression of gut hormones, e.g. proglucagon. Research studies consistently demonstrate a hypertrophic effect on gut mass occurs with increased intestinal bulk, e.g. high fibre diets, and luminal SCFA production. Because the fermentation of most dietary fibre sources, especially intrinsic structural carbohydrates associated with lignin, typically takes place over 24-72 hours, large bowel fermentation may provide a feedback mechanism to help regulate intestinal proliferation, metabolism, and function. Thus, high fibre diets help co-ordinate energy and protein utilisation among cells in the gut, liver, and muscle. In this fermentationbased model, food deprivation (e.g. starvation or injury) reduces intestinal mass to slow gut substrate demand and preserve muscle and adipose stores. Conversely, during periods of food adequacy, high fibre diets help co-ordinate nutrient absorption and utilisation.

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Dietary fibre: new frontiers for food and health

ISBN:: 9789086866922

Verleger:: Wageningen Academic

Print-Publikationsdatum:: 30 Oct 2010

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