Resistant starch and human health

D.L. Topping; I. Segal; A. Regina; M.A. Conlon; B.H. Bajka; S. Toden; J.M. Clarke; M.K. Morell; A.R. Bird

Resistant starch and human health

in Dietary fibre: new frontiers for food and health

Autor:innen:

D.L. Topping

D.L. Topping ¹CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, 5000 South Australia; david.topping@csiro.au
²CSIRO Preventive Health National Research Flagship, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, 5000 South Australia, Australia

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I. Segal

I. Segal ³Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker St., Randwick NSW 2031 Sydney, Australia

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A. Regina

A. Regina ⁴CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

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M.A. Conlon

M.A. Conlon ¹CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, 5000 South Australia; david.topping@csiro.au
²CSIRO Preventive Health National Research Flagship, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, 5000 South Australia, Australia

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B.H. Bajka

B.H. Bajka ²CSIRO Preventive Health National Research Flagship, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, 5000 South Australia, Australia

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S. Toden

S. Toden ²CSIRO Preventive Health National Research Flagship, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, 5000 South Australia, Australia

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J.M. Clarke

J.M. Clarke ²CSIRO Preventive Health National Research Flagship, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, 5000 South Australia, Australia

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M.K. Morell

M.K. Morell ⁴CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

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, und

A.R. Bird

A.R. Bird ¹CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, 5000 South Australia; david.topping@csiro.au
²CSIRO Preventive Health National Research Flagship, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, 5000 South Australia, Australia

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Art:: Kapitel

Seiten:: 309–321

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-692-2_022

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The importance of dietary fibre to human health is recognised widely. Based on early observational studies comparing the dietary intakes of low and high risk African populations, most attention has been focused on non-starch polysaccharides. Dietary fibre has proved very effective in the promotion of laxation but disappointing in the prevention of non-communicable large bowel diseases such as colo-rectal cancer. This has led to a paradox in Australia – increasing fibre consumption coexisting with high colo-rectal cancer rates. Re-evaluation of the diet of black Africans has shown that their intakes of non-starch polysaccharides are low but that their staple foods are high in resistant starch. This dietary fibre fraction is fermented extensively by the large bowel microflora yielding short chain fatty acids which promote colonic function. Resistant starch fermentation favours the production of butyrate, a short chain fatty acid thought to promote a favourable phenotype in colonocytes. As yet, there is no direct evidence for a lowering of colo-rectal cancer risk by butyrate but human and animal studies are supportive. For example, raising large bowel butyrate with high amylose maize starch or butyrylated starch opposes diet-induced DNA damage, consistent with improved colonic health. Resistant starch intakes are low in Australia and other industrialised countries and CSIRO is developing new cereal sources for the production of consumer foods high in this starch fraction. The first of these is a high amylose barley (BARLEYmax™) which has been shown to raise large bowel short chain fatty acids (including butyrate). A high amylose wheat is under development to expand the range of consumer foods high in resistant starch.

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Dietary fibre: new frontiers for food and health

ISBN:: 9789086866922

Verleger:: Wageningen Academic

Print-Publikationsdatum:: 30 Oct 2010

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Resistant starch and human health

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Dietary fibre: new frontiers for food and health

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