Lignans and other co-passengers

H. Adlercreutz; J. Penalvo; S.-M. Heinonen; A. Linko-Parvinen

Lignans and other co-passengers

In: Dietary fibre components and functions

Authors:

H. Adlercreutz

H. Adlercreutz Institute for Preventive Medicine, Nutrition, and Cancer, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Division of Clinical Chemistry, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland

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J. Penalvo

J. Penalvo Institute for Preventive Medicine, Nutrition, and Cancer, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Division of Clinical Chemistry, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland

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S.-M. Heinonen

S.-M. Heinonen Institute for Preventive Medicine, Nutrition, and Cancer, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Division of Clinical Chemistry, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland

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A. Linko-Parvinen

A. Linko-Parvinen Institute for Preventive Medicine, Nutrition, and Cancer, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Division of Clinical Chemistry, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 199–218

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-622-9_014

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A large number of phytochemicals are found in cereal fibre. This review discusses two types of phytochemicals, the lignans and the alkylresorcinols (ARs), occurring particularly abundant in whole-grain rye and wheat, and their possible role in disease prevention. Cereal grain contains at least 6 lignans. They can all be found in addition to their intestinal metabolites enterodiol (End) and enterolactone (Enl) in plasma and urine. Originally Enl urinary levels were found to give a good correlation with whole-grain intake. However, lignans occur also in vegetables, fruits and particularly in sesame and flax seeds interfering with the relation between whole-grain fibre intake and plasma Enl in populations with low intake of whole-grain. The original studies were carried out in Finns consuming much rye bread. In case-control studies results suggesting a protective role of lignans in breast cancer have been obtained but rarely in prospective studies. The controversial results may depend on the recent findings that lignans may be protective only with regard to estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. However, it has also been shown that high Enl seems protective if the woman has one A2 allele of CYP 17. Also results for prostate cancer are controversial. With regard to cardiovascular disease a negative correlation with plasma Enl levels in prospective studies suggests that lignan-containing food is protective with regard to these diseases. AR assays seem to be better measures of whole-grain food intake for studies on the association with disease. The most abundant ARs in cereals are saturated and have odd number of carbons in the aliphatic side-chain. They have in experimental studies been found to inhibit cancer growth and to be antioxidants, but our main interest has been to study their metabolism and to develop methods for their use as biomarkers of whole-grain intake.

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Dietary fibre components and functions

E-Book ISBN:: 9789086866229

Publisher:: Wageningen Academic

Print Publication Date:: 24 Oct 2007

Subjects
- Life Sciences

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Dietary fibre components and functions

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