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Index

In: Judging Women’s Rights, Gender & Citizenship in Ben Ali’s Tunisia
Author:
Sarah Grosso
Sarah Grosso
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Index

2014 constitution 7
abortion 99, 101
Abu-Lughod, L. 5, 12, 37, 40, 47, 192n
Abu-Zahra, N. M. 51n, 52, 74, 76n2
Achour, S. 13, 18n, 19, 28, 126, 127, 267
Achour, S.B. 18n, 19, 28, 45, 146, 248
Achour, Y 18n
adoption 146n1
adultery 14, 114, 152, 160, 177, 188, 191, 194, 221–2, 238, 240–1, 244
agency 24, 52n2, 74–77, 97, 111, 116, 118, 156, 182, 184n6, 214, 274–5
Al Ali, N. & Pratt, N 5, 12, 30, 4, 127
American Research Institute 42
Amnesty International 4
Anderson, B 4
Anderson, N. 20, 24
Arab Spring 265, 268
Asad, T. 27, 35
ATFD 74, 127
authority
gender and 74, 254, 258
moral 9, 172
personal 77
of documents 184, 191–2, 236, 241, 254
of father 23, 74, 83, 118, 274
of guardian 230n
of husband 75, 77, 111
of parents 76, 116
of religion 13, 172, 230n
of state 7, 24, 127, 178, 187–188
BBC 90n
Bear, L. 8, 38, 60, 169n, 192n
Bear, L., & Mathur, N. 128
Beauvoir, D. S., Borde, C., & Malovany-Chevallier, S. 3
Ben Ali 22, 42, 130
Ben Arous 33, 43, 53, 129
Ben Jaafar, E. 33n2
Ben Youssef 14
Bessis, S. 126, 127
bey 13
Blili Termine, L. 21
Boddy, J. 37, 40
Bourgiba 14, 16, 18, 22–4, 99, 107, 266, 271
Bourgiba Institute of Modern Languages 41
Bowen, J. 26, 87
bride gift (mahr) 21
Busby, C. 26, 32, 52n3
Butler, J. 26, 32
Camilleri, C. 52n6
Carsten, J. 52n2, 57, 60
Carsten, J., & Hugh-Jones, S. 60, 61
Caton, S. 28
CEDAW 268
CERN 37
Charfi, M. 188n5
Charrad, M. 4, 13, 14, 20, 40
Charrad, M. M., & Zarrugh, A. 7, 265
Charrad, M. M., & Youssef, M. 268, 272
Chedly, L. 4, 18n, 19, 27, 127, 266
Chekir, H. 18n, 45, 127n3, 249
child support 99, 230n.( nafaqa )
citizenship 8–9, 255, 257–8
and emotions 258
and gender 74, 255, 272
civil war 13
Code des Obligations et des Contrats (COC) 211
cohabitation, duty of 89, 160, 196, 220, 222, 239
colonialism 13, 40
consent (in marriage) 73
contraception 99
courts
of Appeal 127, 182, 208
of Cassation 127, 234
of First Instance 33, 43, 129, 186n6
Personal Status Chamber 39
religious courts 13, 14, 19
courtroom 150
custody
disputes 113, 229, 247
housing for custodian 229
legal definition 230, 234
Dahlgren, S. 38
dark matter 9, 41
Das, V. 12, 43n8, 46n, 61, 75
divorce
after PSC 22
avoidance of 116
before PSC 22
casefiles 185
children, custody of 230
children, impact on 119, 227–228
children, visiting rights 242
compensation payments 22, 26. ( material damages, moral damages )
constraints on 116
custom and habit 23, 87, 160, 179, 186, 207, 230, 233
documentation required 185
favouring women 35
files 45, 186
for harm 22, 27, 186, 191
grounds for 22, 160
husband, role of 176
‘international’ cases 246
material damages 212
moral damages 195, 200, 209, 213, 218, 236, 241
mutual consent 22
reconciliation sessions 44, 157
statistics 15
stigma of, 118–120
summons 185
types of 27
virginity, lack of not grounds for 139
without grounds 22, 203
women’s rights to 23
documentary evidence 183n4, 191
Dupret, B. 28
economy, changes in 100, 274
Elliott, K. Ž. 74, 273, 274
education, female 107
emotions and law 192
employment, female 92
Essebsi, Beji Caid 90, 268
Ethical personhood
behaviour 80, 82–4, 87–89, 95, 108, 121, 144, 172, 208, 214, 221, 229
deception in 117
definition of remaining married 119
dress 59
female court staff 138
gender 230–1
litigants’ performance 114
moral judgement of litigants 146
Muslim identity 58
natal family on divorce 117
proof of virginity 77, 95
regional origin 54–5, 66
ethnography 40
evidence 31, 124, 153, 154, 158, 159, 172, 181, 182n1, 183–4, 186–202
fathers 74, 84, 228, 258
family court, head coverings 31
family judge 158
family law 8, 13, 26, 28, 34, 38, 60, 132, 178, 255, 258, 260, 268, 273
family, size of 99
Ferchiou, S. 52n4
fieldwork 37
friendships
acceptable for women 64–65
building in the community 67
friends 64
gaining trust 66
ulterior motives 69, 136
Gafsia, N. 4n3
gender 7, 26
equality 74, 266
and marital roles 87–94
roles within the family 60
women’s acceptable roles 64
Gilman, S. 126
Goodale, M. 12n, 29, 140n
Goody, J. 76n1, 100, 106n2
Graeber, D. 273
Grosso, S. 273
guardianship 230n
Haddad, Tahar 10, 13
Hafez, S. 7, 74
Hanafi Legal School 19, 23
Ḥanafī, S., & Tomeh, A. M. 4n4, 268, 269
Hafsia, N. 18, 21, 73, 126, 127n5, 182n1
‘harm’ 22, 27, 186, 191
Hasso, F. S. 74, 254, 274
Hill, E. 119n, 164n
Holmes-Eber, P. 67,76n2, 106
Hoodfar, H. 4, 38
hooks, b. 178
Hopkins, N. S. 52
Hourani, A. 13n4
the house 60
identity 52
family 82
gender 3
national 23, 211, 266, 268
regional 34, 52, 54–8, 231
religious 58, 171, 224, 231, 268
of state 16
ijtihad 13, 146
independence (Tunisian) 4, 7, 13, 19, 23, 182n1, 254
infertility 21, 177, 213
INS 33n2
Joseph, S. 8, 26, 37, 38, 118n
Judge (Family) 28
judgement
gendered 27
legal 111, 127, 151, 157
moral 12, 28, 29, 32, 34, 37, 39, 59, 84, 97, 116, 131, 146, 148, 149
judicial decision-making 29
justice 128, 140, 156, 182, 201, 203, 205, 217, 224, 258–9
Kashina, A. 4n4, 90n, 266, 268, 272
Kelly, T. 8, 26, 38, 128, 156n, 183, 184
Kerkenna 54
kinship 52, 60, 67, 256
Labidi, K. 268
Labidi, L. 7
Laidlaw, J. 52n2, 75
Lambek, M. 28, 32, 60, 66
Largueche, D. & Largueche, A. 22
Latour, B. 26, 182, 183, 207n7
Latreille, M., & Verdon, M. 55n7
law
and ethics 26
Family law 26
Islamic law 19
lawyers 208
Longinotto, K. & Mir-Hosseini, Z. 204n1
Loomba, A. 40n3
love 3, 10–11, 24, 63, 86, 95, 99, 116, 132, 183, 247
match 78, 79, 85
parents 75
Lynch, M. E., & Bogen, D. 178n11
Mahmood, S. 32, 40n3, 75
mahr. ( see bride gift )
maintenance payments. ( nafaqa )
failure to pay 195
maktoub 82, 202
Maliki Legal School 19, 23
marital duties 23
marriage
arranged 23, 24
between Muslim women and non-Muslim men 90
bride gift 20
consent 24, 73
consummation 95, 196
delayed marriage 91
dowry 107
gender equality 74
love match 78, 79, 85
male unemployment 109
marital duties 23
minimum age for 20, 72
polygamy 14, 15, 20, 72
registration 20
remarriage 120
roles and expectations 87–91
repudiation 220
social constraints 72
sex before 96–97
unregistered 20
violence in 170
virginity 95–97, 139
Marshall, S. E., & Stokes, R. G. 24n12
masculinity 171, 178, 270
Masri, S. M. 272, 273
Menin, L. 77, 88
Merry, S. E. 12, 18, 30, 127, 268, 273
Merry S. E., & Coutin, S. B. 40n3
Messick, B. 26, 30, 127n5, 183n3, 187n3, 188n4, 207
Meziou, K. 18n, 127
Micaud, C. 14, 21, 24
migration (internal) 100
Millennium Development Goals 12
Mir-Hosseini, Z. 5, 23, 36, 182n1, 187n2, 228n5, 230n
Moghadam, V. M. 272
Moore, H. L. 26, 273
morality 16, 18, 28, 46, 87n, 138, 148, 161, 178–9, 207–8, 211–2, 223–4
Morouj 38, 44, 51, 53
history 33
urban migration 33, 52n1
mothers 23n, 58, 69, 78, 79, 82, 87, 96, 109, 133, 1747, 228–9, 231, 232, 246
Movahedian, H., Esmaeili, M., & Roshan, M. 272
Mundy, M. 4, 35, 38, 60, 183n3
Mundy, M., & Smith, R. S. 29
Murphy, E. C. 5, 15, 22n9
Murphy, W. T. 28, 29, 207n6
Muzaki, K. A., Jahar, A. S., & Suma, M. A. 268
nafaqa (maintenance allowance) 21, 95, 160, 170–1, 193–6, 201, 217, 219, 221–223
NASA 2
National Pact (1988) 22
Navaro, Y. 60, 257, 259
nushuz 160, 175, 197, 201, 220.( duty of cohabitation )
obedience 23, 87, 112, 160n8, 258n
Osanloo, A. 8, 187n2, 197n
paternity 95, 188
Perkins, K. 14
performance 28, 31–2, 59, 88, 108, 156, 170, 179, 221, 227, 244, 259–61
Personal Status Code (PSC)
Article 3 72
Article 18 20
Article 23, 28, 75, 87, 89, 160
Article 32 158
Article 37–53bis 160, 194
Article 38 196
Article 53bis 194
Article 54 230
Article 56 242
Article 58 235
background 18
changes to 20, 22
children, custody of 230
children, visiting rights 242
cohabitation 89, 196
creating gender imbalance 254
custom and habit 87
defining marital duties 87, 111
divorce 4, 10, 21, 22
divorce – custody of children 230
divorce – grounds for 22
divorce – maintenance payments 160, 170–171
divorce – reconciliation 158
divorce – reconciliation 157–159
gendered differences 217
family, and 23
husband as head of family 75, 87
and Islam 13–14, 18, 271
maintenance payments 160, 170
marital duties 23, 26, 87, 111
marriage between Muslim women and non-Muslim men 90
marriage consent 24, 72
marriage – legal rights in 74–75
marriage – minimum age for 72
marriage – wife contributing to maintenance 111, 112
marriage – wife’s duty of obedience 87
nafaqa 193
penal sanctions 194
polygamy 4, 10, 72
reforms (1956) 72
reforms (1981) 157
reforms (1993) 22, 23, 158
reforms (1998) 23
reforms (2007) 23
reforms (2008) 23
reforms (2014) 266
reforms (2017) 90
status as constitutional law 266
women’s rights 12, 14, 26, 35, 126
personhood 32
ethical personhood 32–33, 36, 260
Platt, K. 23, 52n5
Polygamy
historical practice 21
banning of 4, 14, 20, 271
Pottage, A. 29
prejudice 140, 184, 207
Prettitore, P. S. 6
reconciliation sessions 114–15, 128, 144, 155, 157–9, 161, 162–80, 184, 185, 188
re-contextualization 29
regional identity 56
resilience 36, 75, 77
Riles, A. 26, 127, 182, 183n3, 184n6
Ritchie, Roser, Mispy, Ortiz-Ospina. 12
Rosen, L. 182n1, 187n2
Roychowdhury, L. 37
Schultz, U., & Shaw, G. 30
sexuality 46, 95
Shahid, A. 6
sharia courts 14, 19
Sidi Bou Said 54
Singerman, D. 38, 67n3
social worker 244
Soeurs Blanches 41
Sonneveld, N. 4n2, 127n4, 273
Sonneveld, N. & Lindbekk, M. 29, 30, 238n4
Starr, J. 127
Stoler, A. L. 40n3
Strathern, M. 74, 75, 217
state 8, 12, 15–6, 23, 34–5, 74, 127–8, 142, 147–54, 224, 259–61
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 12
Sunni Legal School 20
Tsing, A. L. 37
Tunisia, population growth 33
Tunisian Constitution
equality 15
Islam 16
UNDP 33n2, 106n1
unemployment 90, 93, 109, 255
urbanization 32
violence (domestic) 188–9
Voorhoeve, M. 13n2, 14, 16n5, 18n, 20n6, 27, 158n2, 159n4 161n, 183n4, 189n6, 265
wedding preparations 19
Werbner, P. 8
White, C. 30, 180n, 258
women’s clothing
general 59
hijab 58
sifsaree 58
women’s rights 4–7, 10, 19, 24–6, 126–7, 253–4, 265–76
reform 14–6, 74
work, women’s 106, 111
Würth, A. 30, 127n5, 164n, 182, 187n2
Zengin, A. 43n8, 46n, 75
Zigon, J. 28
Zussman, M. 23, 51n, 52n5

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Judging Women’s Rights, Gender & Citizenship in Ben Ali’s Tunisia

Series:  Women and Gender: The Middle East and the Islamic World, Volume: 22
Cover Judging Women’s Rights, Gender & Citizenship in Ben Ali’s Tunisia
E-Book ISBN:
9789004712744
Publisher:
Brill
Print Publication Date:
11 Dec 2024
  • Subjects
    • African Studies
      • North Africa
    • International Law
      • Laws of the Middle East
    • Middle East and Islamic Studies
      • General
      • Sociology & Anthropology
    • Social Sciences
      • Gender Studies
Front Matter
Preliminary Material
Copyright Page
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Part 1 Dark and Light
Chapter 1 Prologue: Engendering Change
Chapter 2 Encounters: Judging Citizenship
Chapter 3 Law Lessons: Judging the Law
Chapter 4 Before and After
Chapter 5 Gendered Judgement
Chapter 6 Dislocation: Where Judging Begins
Chapter 7 Listening to Silences
Part 2 Family
Chapter 8 Becoming
Chapter 9 Creating Homes
Chapter 10 Creating Friends
Chapter 11 Marriage Is Like a Watermelon
Chapter 12 Creating Marriage
Chapter 13 Good Wife; Ideal Husband
Chapter 14 Sex and the City
Chapter 15 Making a Living
Chapter 16 Woman’s Work
Chapter 17 Breaking Marriage: Those Who Can(not) Divorce
Part 3 Law
Chapter 18 Court House
Chapter 19 Inside Out: the Court Office
Chapter 20 From Both Sides: Encountering the State
Chapter 21 Under the Spotlight: Public Hearings
Chapter 22 Seeing Like a Court
Chapter 23 Behind the Scenes
Chapter 24 Reconciliation as Theatre
Chapter 25 Stepping Out of the Page
Chapter 26 A File Is Born
Chapter 27 Maktoub: Documenting Divorce for Harm
Chapter 28 Maktoub: Poetic Justice in Divorce without Grounds
Chapter 29 The Cost of Divorce
Chapter 30 Dislocated Families
Chapter 31 Making ‘Bad’ Mothers
Chapter 32 Politics and Patriline
Part 4 Judging Women’s Rights
Chapter 33 Towards a Relational Reading of Women’s Rights
Afterword: Available Light
Chapter 34 Reflections on Women’s Rights in Post-revolutionary Tunisia and Beyond
Back Matter
Bibliography
Index

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