Bibliography
Abe, Yoshinari, et al. (2019). Use of variscite as a gemstone in the Late Bronze Age Royal Tomb at Qatna, Syria. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 27, 101994.
Adams, Noël. (2011). The garnet millennium: the role of seal stones in garnet studies. Gems of Heaven: Recent Research on Engraved Gemstones in Late Antiquity, London: British Museum, 10–24.
Adiego, Ignacio. (2006). The Carian Language. Brill.
Adrom, Faried. & Müller, Matthias. (2017). The Tetragrammaton in Egyptian Sources—Facts and Fiction. In J. van Oorschot & M. Witte (Ed.), The Origins of Yahwism (pp. 93–114). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
Agatharchides, & Burstein, S.M. (1989). On the Erythraean Sea (No. 172). London: Hakluyt Society.
Agmon, Noam. (2010). Materials and language: Pre-Semitic root structure change concomitant with transition to agriculture. Brill’s Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics, 2(1), 23–79.
Agostini, Alessio. (2010). Building materials in South Arabian inscriptions: observations on some problems concerning the study of architectural lexicography. In Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies (pp. 85–97). Archaeopress.
Al-Jallad, Ahmad. (2013). Arabia and areal hybridity. Journal of Language Contact, 6(2), 220–242.
Al-Jallad, Ahmad. (2020). Pre-Islamic Arabic. Arabic and contact-induced change, 1, 37.
Allen, James P. (2020). Ancient Egyptian Phonology. Cambridge University Press.
Albrecht, Felix, & Manukyan, Arthur. (2014). Epiphanius von Salamis, Über die zwölf Steine im hohepriesterlichen Brustschild (De duodecim gemmis rationalis): nach dem Codex Vaticanus Borgianus Armenus 31 (Vol. 37). Gorgias Press.
Albright, William F. (1941). New light on the early history of Phoenician colonization. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 83(1), 14–22.
Aloiz, Emily, Douglas, Janet G., & Nagel, Alexander. (2016). Painted plaster and glazed brick fragments from Achaemenid Pasargadae and Persepolis, Iran. Heritage Science, 4, 1–10.
Amar, Zohar. (2012). צמחי המקרא (Flora of the Bible) [Hebrew]. Jerusalem.
Amar, Zohar. (2002). The Book of Incense (Sefer Haqetoret) (in Hebrew). Tel-Aviv: Tel-Aviv University. ISBN 9657163048. OCLC 233392324. Non vidi.
Amar, Zohar. (2016). The Ephod, The Stones of the Priestly Breastplate, and the Shamir. Hama’ayin Gilyon. Nisan, 5776. 41–59. [Hebrew]
Amar, Zohar. (2017). The Beauty of Gemstone: The Hoshen Jewels and Precious Stones in the Ancient World.
Amar, Zohar, & Lev, Efraim. (2017). Most-cherished gemstones in the medieval Arab world. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 27(3), 377–401.
Amzallag, Nissim. (2017). The Forgotten Meaning of ʿāpār in Biblical Hebrew. Journal of American Oriental Society, 137(4), 767–783.
Andreozzi, R. (2020). Categorizing reptiles in Ancient Egypt: an overview of methods. Anthropozoologica, 55(9), 129–144.
Ansumali Mukhopadhyay, Bahata. (2022). Gold and ‘ratti’ signs inscribed on Mohenjo-Daro’s gold-assaying needles, fish-sign inscriptions signifying gemstones concentrated near lapidaries: Indus script’s taxed commodities. Available at SSRN 4110151.
Arbeitman, Y.L. (Ed.). (1988). Fucus: A Semitic/Afrasian Gathering in Remembrance of Albert Ehrman (Vol. 58). John Benjamins Publishing.
Aufrere, Sydney. (1984). Brgt (Stèle de la famine 16). Remarques sur les termes servant à désigner l’émeraude, le béryl et l’olivine. Revue d’Egyptologie Paris, 35, 23–30.
Aufrère, Sydney. (1991). L’univers minéral dans la pensée égyptienne (Vol. 2, pp. 1–2). Le Caire: Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire.
Avigad, Nahman. (1997). Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Revised and completed by Benjamin Sass. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities/Israel Exploration Society/Institute of Archaeology.
Babintseva, Е. В. (2014). Comparison Of Different Ways Of Agate Coloring. Siberian Federal University.
Bachenheimer, Avi. (2018). Old Persian: Dictionary, Glossary and Concordance. John Wiley & Sons.
Bader, Bettina. (2012). Migration in archaeology: an overview with a focus on ancient Egypt (pp. 213–226). Springer Vienna.
Bailey, Clinton, & Danin, Avinoam. (1981). Bedouin plant utilization in Sinai and the Negev. Economic Botany, 35(2), 145–162.
Bakon, Shimon. (2015). The Mystery of the Urim Ve-Tummim. Jewish Bible Quarterly, 43(4), 241–246.
Bagnall, Roger S. (2002). Alexandria: library of dreams. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 146(4), 348–362.
Bancroft, Edward. (1814). Experimental researches concerning the philosophy of permanent colours: and the best means of producing them, by dyeing, calico printing, &c (Vol. 1). T. Dobson.
Bar-Yosef Mayer, Daniella E. & Porat, Naomi. (2008). Green stone beads at the dawn of agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(25), 8548–8551.
Barag, Dan P. (1982). Cosmetic glass palettes from the eighth–seventh centuries BC. Journal of Glass Studies, 11–19.
Barker, James M., Cochran, D.E., & Semrad, R. (1979). Economic geology of the Mishraq native sulfur deposit, northern Iraq. Economic Geology, 74(2), 484–495.
Beaulieu, Paul-Alain. (1998). Ba’u-asītu and Kaššaya, Daughters of Nebuchadnezzar II. Orientalia, 67(2), 173–201.
Beekes, Robert. (2009). Etymological dictionary of Greek (2 vols.). Brill.
de Béhague, Martine Marie Pol. (1987). Antiquités et objets d’art: collection de Martine, Comtesse de Béhague, provenant de la succession du Marquis de Ganay; Sotheby, Monaco: 5.12. 1987.
Beitzel, Barry J. (2010). Was there a joint nautical venture on the Mediterranean Sea by Tyrian Phoenicians and early Israelites?. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 360(1), 37–66.
Ben-Ami, Doron, & Tchekhanovets, Yana. (2011). The Lower City of Jerusalem on the eve of its destruction, 70CE: a view from Hanyon Givati. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 364(1), 61–85.
Bennett, Ellie. (2022). Beards as a Marker of Status during the Neo-Assyrian Period. The King as a Nodal Point of Neo-Assyrian Identity.
Berlin, Brent, & Kay, Paul. (1991). Basic color terms: Their universality and evolution. University of California Press.
Biella, Joan Copeland. (1982). Dictionary of Old South Arabic, Sabaean Dialect. Brill.
Bieringer, Reimund, Martínez, Florentino García, Pollefeyt, Didier, & Tomson, Peter (Eds.). (2009). The New Testament and Rabbinic Literature. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
Black, Jeremy. (2001). Amethysts. Iraq, 63, 183–186.
Blau, Joshua. (2010). Phonology and Morphology of Biblical Hebrew: An Introduction. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
Blažek, Václav. (2017). Indo-European “gold” in time and space. Journal of Indo-European Studies, 45(3/4), 267–311.
Bodi, Daniel. (2020). “The Mesopotamian Context of Ezekiel”. In Ezekiel, ed. Corrine Carvalho. Oxford University Press. Online pre-publication.
Bomhard, Allan R. (2014). Afrasian Comparative Phonology and Vocabulary. Charleston, Sc. 315.
Bonney, T.G. (1902). III.—The Basalt of the Moabite Stone. Geological Magazine, 9(11), 493–495.
Boschloos, Vanessa. (2015). From Egypt to Byblos … and back again: the production and distribution of Green Jasper seals in Egypt and the levant during the early 2nd millennium BCE. In There and Back Again: the Crossroads II (pp. 297–314). Charles University.
Bostock, John, and Henry T. Riley. (1855). Pliny the Elder: The natural history. Perseus at Tufts. Book 37.
Bowden, Alison. (1991). The Use of Carnelian in Ancient Mesopotamia and Possibilities for Determining Its Provenance (Doctoral dissertation, UCL, Institute of Archaeology).
Brugsch, Heinrich. (1867–1882). Hieroglyphisch-Demotisches Wörterbuch. 7 vols. JC Hinrichs. Leipzig.
Bulakh, Maria. (2006). Basic Color Terms of Biblical Hebrew in Diachronic Aspects. Babel und Bibel, 3, 181–216.
Burrell, Barbara. (2018). Multiple Reuse of Imported Marble Pedestals at Caesarea Maritima in Israel. In ASMOSIA XI, Interdisciplinary Studies on Ancient Stone, Proceedings of the XI International Conference of ASMOSIA (pp. 117–122). University of Split, Arts Academy in Split.
Camagni, Francesco. (2018). The Greeks Had a Word for It. An Outline of the Attestation, Distribution and Variability of Non-Indo-European Vocabulary in Ancient Greek, from Homer to Byzantium. The University of Manchester (United Kingdom).
Cañas Reillo, José Manuel. (2021). The Septuagint and Textual Criticism of the Greek Versions. In: T&T Clark Handbook Of Septuagint Research.
Carretero, C.S. (2017). A Study of Color: Uses of לָבָן in the Hebrew Bible. SEFARAD, 77(1), 39–64.
Carson, Donald A. (1996). Exegetical fallacies. Baker Books.
Carter, Tristan, Kathryn Campeau, & Katharina Streit. (2020). Transregional Perspectives: Characterizing Obsidian Consumption at Early Chalcolithic Ein el-Jarba (N. Israel). Journal of Field Archaeology, 45(4), 249–269.
Charpentier, Vincent, Brunet, O., Méry, S., & Velde, C. (2017). Carnelian, agate, and other types of chalcedony: the prehistory of Jebel al-Ma’taradh and its semi-precious stones, Emirate of Ra’s al-Khaimah. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, 28(2), 175–189.
Chicago Assyrian Dictionary. (1956–2011). The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute.
Çoban, Evrim, Cahit Helvaci, and Murat Hatipoğlu. (2014). Mineralogical and gemmological investigations on ancient gemstones in the Caria region (Muğla) and their relations with rocks and minerals outcropping in the region. In Abstract Book of the 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology (pp. 13–17).
Cohen, Yoram. (2010). The “Second Glosses” in the Lexical Lists from Emar: West Semitic or Akkadian. RAI, 53(1), 69.
Connor, S., Laboury, D., Marée, M., Ben-Tor, D., Martin, M., Ben-Tor, A., & Sandhaus, D. (1990). Egyptian Objects. Hazor VII: The, 2012, 574–603.
Cook, Edward M. (2017). Language contact and the genesis of Mishnaic Hebrew.
Cooper, Julien. (2020). Toponymy on the periphery: Placenames of the Eastern Desert, Red Sea, and South Sinai in Egyptian documents from the Early Dynastic until the end of the New Kingdom. Brill.
Cooper, Julien. (2022). Children of the Desert Indigenes of the Eastern Desert in the Pharaonic Period and the longue durée of Desert Nomadism. In Blemmyes: New Documents and New Perspectives. ISD LLC.
Crone, Patricia. (2015). Meccan trade and the rise of Islam. Gorgias Press.
Cross, Frank Moore. (1979). A recently published Phoenician inscription of the Persian period from Byblos. Israel Exploration Journal, 40–44.
Dalley, Stephanie. (1999). Sennacherib and Tarsus. Anatolian Studies, 49, 73–80.
Dardeniz, Gonca. (2015). Was Ancient Egypt the Only Supplier of Natron?: New Research Reveals Major Anatolian Deposits. Anatolica, 41, 191–202.
Davies, Nina M. (1942). Nubians in the Tomb of Amunedjeh. JEA, 28, 50–52.
Dekker, Jaap. (2007). Zion’s rock-solid foundations: an exegetical study of the Zion text in Isaiah 28:16 (Vol. 54). Brill.
Delcor, M. (1966). Recherches sur un horoscope en langue hebraïque provenant de Qumran. Revue de Qumran, 5(4 (20)), 521–542.
Delitzsch, Friedrich. (1886). Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament. JC Hinrichs, Lepzeig.
Demsky, Aaron. (1972). ‘Dark Wine’ from Judah. Israel Exploration Journal, 22(4), 233–234.
Dévaud, Eugène. (1916). Les maximes de Ptahhotep: d’après le papyrus Prisse, les papyrus 10371/10435 et 10509 du British Museum et la tablette Carnarvon: texte.
Deysel, Lesley Claire Frances. (2017). Animal names and categorisation in the Hebrew Bible: a textual and cognitive approach (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria).
Dioscorides, De Materia Medica.
Dixon, H. (2021). The smells of eternity. The Routledge Handbook of the Senses in the Ancient Near East, 429.
Dole, George F., and William L. Moran. (1991). A Bowl of allalu-stone. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, 81(1–2), 268–273.
Düring, Bleda S. (2021). Crafting Values in Chalcolithic Cyprus and Anatolia. The Critique of Archaeological Economy, 71–83.
Eichholz, D.E. (1967). Some Mineralogical Problems in Theophrastus’ De Lapidibus. The Classical Quarterly, 17(1), 103–109.
Eißfeldt, Otto, Fichtner, J., Gerleman, G., Hempel, J., Horst, F., Jepsen, A., & Thomas, D.W. (1977). Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.
Ehret, Christopher. (1995). Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian): vowels, tone, consonants, and vocabulary (Vol. 126). University of California Press.
El Shatoury, Hamed M, and Al Eryani, Mohammad L. (1977). Review on Mineral Occurrences in Yemen Arab Republic. Mining Geology, 27(144), 277–288.
Ellenbogen, Maximilian. (1962). Foreign words in the Old Testament: their origin and etymology. Luzac & Company.
El-Kayam, Y., Amar, Z., Barkay, G., and Dvira, Z. (2016). Semi-Precious Stones from the Temple Mount Sifting Project and Their Significance. New Studies on Jerusalem 21. Ramat-Gan: Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies, 307–319 [Hebrew with English abstract].
Elitzur, Yoel. (2004). Ancient Place Names in the Holy Land: Preservation and History. Hebrew Univ. Magnes Press.
Elitzur, Yoel. (2014). The Biblical Names of Jerusalem. Maarav, 21(1–2), 189–201.
Elitzur, Yoel. (2021). Places in the Parasha: Biblical Geography and Its Meaning. Maggid.
Eshel, Tzilla, Erel, Yigal, Yahalom-Mack, Naama, Tirosh, Ofir, & Gilboa, Ayelet. (2022). From Iberia to Laurion: Interpreting Changes in Silver Supply to the Levant in the Late Iron Age Based on Lead Isotope Analysis. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 14(6), 120.
Faber, Alice. (1985). Akkadian evidence for Proto-Semitic affricates. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 37(1), 101–107.
Fekkes, J. (1990). “His Bride Has Prepared Herself”: Revelation 19–21 and Isaian Nuptial Imagery. Journal of Biblical Literature, 109(2), 269–287.
Falk, David. (2013). The products of Hatshepsut’s trade mission to Punt: An alternative translation of the Punt reliefs at Deir el-Bahari. GM, 238.
Faur, José. (1999). Homo Mysticus: A Guide to Maimonides’s Guide for the Perplexed. Syracuse University Press.
Fensham, F. Charles. (1959). Thunder-stones in Ugaritic. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 18(4), 273–274.
Fincke, Jeanne C. (2010). Cuneiform tablets on eye diseases: Babylonian sources in relation to the series DIŠ NA IGIII-ŠÚ GIG. In Advances in Mesopotamian Medicine from Hammurabi to Hippocrates (pp. 79–104). Brill.
Firth, Richard. (2011). A Discussion of the Use of im-babbar2 by the Craft Workers of Ancient Mesopotamia. Cuneiform Digital Library Journal, 2, 6–2.
Frahm, Ellery Edward. (2010). The Bronze-Age obsidian industry at Tell Mozan (ancient Urkesh), Syria: redeveloping electron microprobe analysis for 21st-century sourcing research and the implications for obsidian use and exchange in northern Mesopotamia after the Neolithic. University of Minnesota.
Fried, Lisbeth S. “Did Second Temple High Priests possess the urim and thummim?.” Perspectives on Hebrew Scriptures IV. Gorgias Press, 2008. 81–110.
Frison, Guido, and Giulia Brun. (2016). Lapis lazuli, lazurite, ultramarine ‘blue’, and the colour term ‘azure’ up to the 13th century. J. Int. Col. Assoc, 16, 41–55.
Ford, James Nathan. (2009). The Ugaritic letter RS 18.038 (KTU2 2.39) and the meaning of the term spr “lapis lazuli” (= BH סַפִּיר “lapis lazuli”). Ugarit-Forschungen, 40, 277–338.
Fox, Joshua. (1996). A sequence of vowel shifts in Phoenician and other languages. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 55(1), 37–47.
Fox, Joshua. (2003). Semitic noun patterns. Brill.
Fuchs, Uziel. (2014). “Millot HaMishnah” by R. Saadia Gaon—the First Commentary to the Mishnah. Sidra: A Journal for the Study of Rabbinic Literature. 61–77.
פוקס, עוזיאל. (2014). ״מלות המשנה״ לרב סעדיה גאון—הפירוש הראשון למשנה. סידרא: כתב-עת לחקר ספרות התורה שבעל-פה, 61–77.
Gardiner, Alan H. (1911). Egyptian hieratic texts. Ripol Classic.
Garr, W. Randell. (2007). Prenasalization in Aramaic. Studies in Semitic and Afroasiatic linguistics presented to Gene B. Gragg, 81.
Gesenius-Buhl. Handwörterbuch über das Alte Testament, 17th Edition. (1915).
Ghemiş, Călin. (2007). Issues on Pre and Protohistoric Amber. Crisia, 37, 7–22.
Gilead, Isaac, Davidzon, Angla, & Vardi, Jacob. (2006, September). The Ghassulian sickle blades workshop of Beit Eshel, Beer Sheva, Israel. In Lithic Technology in Metal Using Societies. Proceedings of a UISPP Workshop, Lisbon (pp. 221–230).
Giorgadze, Gregor G. (1988). On the Word for “Silver” with Reference to Hittite Cuneiform Texts. Altorientalische Forschungen, 15(1–2), 69–75.
Гликман, М. Л. (2020). Ключ к камням хошена. Тель-Авив.
Glikman, Moses. L. (2020). The key to the hoshen stones. Tel Aviv. [Russian]
Gottlieb, Isaac. (1980). NʿBṢN ZY ʾBN ŠŠ “Alabaster Vessels” (Kraeling 7: 18). Journal of the American Oriental Society, 100(4), 512–513.
Götze, Jens, Möckel, Robert, & Pan, Yuanming. (2020). Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Genesis of Agate—A Review. Minerals, 10(11), 1037.
Gordeziani, Rismag. “Greek Words of Unknown Etymology Denoting Sea.” PHASIS 12 (2009): 160–163.
Gordon, Cyrus H. (1978). The wine-dark sea. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 37.1, 51–52.
Graves-Brown, Carolyn Anne. (2011). The ideological significance of flint in Dynastic Egypt (Doctoral dissertation, University College London).
Gray, Taylor. (2019). Translating ṣúru in Amorite Personal Names. N.A.B.U. 2019 nᵒ 3 (septembre).
Greenberg, Raphael. (2019). The Archaeology of the Bronze Age Levant. Cambridge University Press.
Greenberg, Joseph H. (1950). The patterning of root morphemes in Semitic. Word, 6(2), 162–181.
גרינץ, י. מ. (1975). ל“מונחים קדומים בתורת כוהנים”. לשוננו: כתב-עת לחקר הלשון העברית והתחומים הסמוכים לה, (ב), 155–158.
Grintz, Yehoshua M. (1975). For “Ancient Terms in Leviticus”. Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects. Vol. 40, No. 2. 155–158. [Hebrew]
Groen, Jorik FJ. (2015). Northwest Semitic in the Second Millennium BCE. [Master’s thesis.]
Groen, Jorik. (2016). On the Phonology of Second Millennium BCE Northwest Semitic. Orientalia, 85(1), 50–72.
Gross, Ben-Zion. The Nominal Patterns פעלון and פעלן in Biblical and Mishnaic Hebrew. Academy of the Hebrew Language, 1993.
Gübelin, E. (1981). Zabargad: The ancient peridot island in the Red Sea. Gems eS Gemology, 17(1), 2–8.
Guzmán, Joan Oller, et al. (2021). New evidence regarding Emerald Production in Roman Egypt at Wadi Sikait (Eastern Desert). Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 80(1), 123–142.
Gzella, Holger. (2020). Review of [Non-Semitic Loanwords in the Hebrew Bible: A Lexicon of Language Contact]. Bibliotheca Orientalis 77, 3–4. 325–354.
Hackley, Laurel. (2014). Amethyst, apotropaia, and the Eye of Re [Master’s Thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain.
Hardy, AD, et al. (2006). Egyptian Eye Cosmetics (“Kohls”): Past and present. In Physical techniques in the study of art, archaeology and cultural heritage (Vol. 1, pp. 173–203). Elsevier.
Harrell, James A. (1990). Misuse of the term “alabaster” in Egyptology. Göttinger Miszellen, 119, 37–43.
Harrell, James A., Broekmans, M.A.T.M., & Godfrey-Smith, D.I. (2007). The origin, destruction and restoration of colour in Egyptian travertine. Archaeometry, 49(3), 421–436.
Harrell, James A, & Osman, Ali Farrag. (2007). Ancient amazonite quarries in the Eastern Desert. Egyptian Archaeology, 30, 26.
Harrell, James A. (2011). Old Testament gemstones: A philological, geological, and archaeological assessment of the Septuagint. Bulletin for Biblical Research, 21(2), 141–171.
Harrell, James A. (2012). Gemstones. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 1(1).
Harrell, James A. (2013). Ornamental stones. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 1(1).
Harrell, James A. (2014). Discovery of the Red Sea source of Topazos (ancient gem peridot) on Zabargad Island, Egypt. In Twelfth Annual Sinkankas Symposium—Peridot and Uncommon Green Gem Minerals (pp. 16–30).
Harrell, James A., James K. Hoffmeier, and Kenton F. Williams. (2017). Hebrew gemstones in the Old Testament: A lexical, geological, and archaeological analysis. Bulletin for Biblical Research, 27(1), 1–52.
Harrell, James A. (2017). Amarna gypsite: A new source of gypsum for ancient Egypt. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 11, 536–545.
Harrell, James A. (2023). Archaeology and Geology of Ancient Egyptian Stones. 2 Volumes. Archaeopress.
Harrell, James A. (2023). Archaeological Stones and their Megascopic Identification. Cambridge University Press.
Harris, John Richard. (1958). Lexicographical studies in ancient Egyptian minerals (Doctoral dissertation, University of Oxford). Akademie Verlag—Berlin.
Haupt, Paul. (1907). Biblische Liebeslieder. Leipzig. 59.
Haupt, Paul. (1907). Jonah’s Whale. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 46(185), 151–164.
Heaney, Peter J, & Fisher, Donald M. (2003). New interpretation of the origin of tiger’s-eye. Geology, 31(4), 323–326.
Heimpel, Wolfgang, Leonard Gorelick, and A. John Gwinnett (1988). Philological and archaeological evidence for the use of emery in the Bronze Age Near East. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 40(2), 195–210.
Herrmann, Georgina. (1968). Lapis lazuli: the early phases of its trade. Iraq, 30(1), 21–57.
Heubeck, Alfred. (1959). Lydiaka: Untersuchungen zu Schrift, Sprache und Götternamen der Lyder. Erlanger Forschungen/A, 9.
Hinge, George. (2006). Die Sprache Alkmans: Textgeschichte und Sprachgeschichte (Vol. 24). Reichert Verlag.
Hoch, James E. (2014). Semitic words in Egyptian texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate period. Princeton University Press.
Hodge, Carleton T. (1996). Some Hebrew Hapax Legomenon. General Linguistics. Vol. 36, Iss. 4, 271–296.
Hoenig, Sidney B. (1979). Tarshish. The Jewish Quarterly Review, 69(3), 181–182.
Holladay, W.L., Köhler, L., & Baumgartner, W. (1971). A concise Hebrew and Aramaic lexicon of the Old Testament: based upon the lexical work of Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
Hopkins, Simon. (1995). Ṣarār “pebbles”—A Canaanite Substrate Word in Palestinian Arabic. Zeitschrift für arabische Linguistik, (30), 37–49.
Horowitz, Wayne. (1998). Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography (Vol. 8). Eisenbrauns.
Horrocks, Geoffrey. (2014). Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers. John Wiley & Sons.
Howard, Jonathan. (2022). Phonetic Variance of /d/ and /r/ in Hebrew in Late Antiquity. Journal of Semitic Studies, 67(2), 395–415.
Huehnergard, John. (2018). A Grammar of Akkadian. Brill.
Huehnergard, John. (2015). Biblical Hebrew nominal patterns. Epigraphy, Philology, and the Hebrew Bible: Methodological Perspectives on Philological and Comparative Study of the Hebrew Bible in Honor of Jo Ann Hackett, 25–64.
Hughes, Konrad Bennett. (2020). Mycenaean Amber: Within the Exchange Network of Mercenaries and Metals.
Hussein, Angela Murokh. (2010). Beware of the Red-Eyed Horus: The Significance of Carnelian in Egyptian Royal Jewelry. Perspectives on Ancient Egypt—Studies in honor of Edward Brovarski (Hawass, Z., Der Manuelian, P. & Hussein, RB, Eds.), 185–190.
Huxley, Margaret. (1997). The shape of the cosmos according to cuneiform sources. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 7(2), 189–198.
Hyllested, A. (2017). Armenian gočazm ‘blue gemstone’ and the Iranian evil eye. Usque Ad Radices. Indo-European Studies in Honour of Birgit Anette Olsen.
İreç, Muammer. (2018). Temelsi̇z Bi̇r Lokali̇zasyon Öneri̇si̇ Olarak ti̇smurna-smyrna Özdeşli̇ği̇ (The Identification of Tišmurna-Smyrna as a Fallacious Localization Proposal). TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, (22), 11–18. [Turkish] https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1726316
Irvine, S.A. (2019). The ‘Rock’ of the King’s Sword? A Note on צוּר in Psalm 89:44. Vetus Testamentum, 69(4–5), 742–747.
Jewish Encyclopedia. “Gems”.
Jurado, Jesús Fernández. (2002). The Tartessian economy: Mining and metallurgy. The Phoenicians in Spain, 241–262.
Justl, Shelby. (2016). Special Delivery to Wah-sut: An Eighteenth Dynasty Ostracon’s Inventory of Precious Materials. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 255–268.
Kearns, John Michael. (1994). The Lydian consonant system. Kadmos, 33(1), 38–59.
Khan, Geoffrey. (2020). The Tiberian Pronunciation Tradition of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 1. Open Book Publishers.
Kilani, Marwan. (2019). Vocalization in Group Writing: A New Proposal. Widmaier Verlag.
Kilani, Marwan. (2021). Phonological change and interdialectal differences between Egyptian and Coptic: ḏ, ṯ→ c= ϫ versus ḏ, ṯ→ t= ⲧ. Diachronica, 38(4), 601–627.
Kitchen, Andrew, Ehret, Christopher, Assefa, Shiferaw, & Mulligan, Connie J. (2009). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Semitic languages identifies an Early Bronze Age origin of Semitic in the Near East. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 276(1668), 2703–2710.
Klein, Ernest, and Ḥayim Rabin. A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the Hebrew language for readers of English. Carta Jerusalem, 1987. Entry: אֹדֶם.
Kleber, Kristin. (2016). Arabian Gold in Babylonia. Arabian Gold in Babylonia, 121–134.
Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 547–548.
Kloekhorst, Alwin. (2023). New Interpretations in Lydian Phonology. In: New approaches on Anatolian linguistics, 115–133.
Knoppers, Gary N. (1993). Treaty, Tribute List, or Diplomatic Letter: KTU 3.1 Reexamined. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 289(1), 81–94.
Kogan, Leonid. & Krebernik, Manfred. (2020). Etymological Dictionary of Akkadian. Volume 1 Roots beginning with p and b. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
Kogan, Leonid. (2011). 8. Proto-Semitic Lexicon. In The Semitic Languages (pp. 179–258). De Gruyter Mouton.
Kogan, Leonid. (2015). Genealogical Classification of Semitic. de Gruyter.
Kok, Annette. (1966). A short history of the orchil dyes. The Lichenologist, 3(2), 248–272.
Koller, Aaron. J. (2012). The semantic field of cutting tools in biblical Hebrew: the interface of philological, semantic, and archaeological evidence. The Catholic Biblical Association of America.
Koren, Zvi. C. (2014). Scientific study tour of ancient Israel. In Science History: A Traveler’s Guide (pp. 319–351). American Chemical Society.
Kotzé, Gideon R. (2019). 4QLXXNum and a Text-Critical Examination of a Debated Hebrew Term in Numbers 4. In Scribal Practice, Text and Canon in the Dead Sea Scrolls (pp. 56–74). Brill.
Kouwenberg, Norbertus Johannes Cornelis. (1997). Gemination in the Akkadian verb. Uitgeverij Van Gorcum. Page 34.
Krahmalkov, Charles R. (2000). Phoenician-Punic Dictionary (Vol. 90). Peeters.
Lagarde, P.A. (1866). De novo testamento ad versionum orientalium fidem edendo.
Lambdin, Thomas O. (1953). Egyptian Loan Words in the Old Testament. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 73(3), 145–155.
Landsberger, Benno. (1967). Akkadisch-Hebräische Wortgleichungen. In Hebräische Wortforschung (pp. 176–204). Brill.
Lane, Edward William. (1872). Arabic-English Lexicon. Islamic Book Centre.
Lebedev, M.A. (2006). Stela Nubia Museum 59485: the last known expedition of the early Middle Kingdom beyond the Nile Valley. Journal of Social Archaeology, 6(2), 293.
Leithner, H. (2008). The Königskrone Topaz Mine Schneckenstein, Sarony, Germany. Mineralogical Record, 39(5), 355.
Lewy, Heinrich. (1895). Die semitischen Fremdwörter im Griechischen. R. Gaertner.
Lipiński, Edward. (2004). Itineraria phoenicia (Vol. 127). Peeters Publishers. Chapter 6.
Lo Giudice, A., Angelici, D., Re, A., Gariani, G., Borghi, A., Calusi, S., … & Guidotti, M.C. (2017). Protocol for lapis lazuli provenance determination: evidence for an Afghan origin of the stones used for ancient carved artefacts kept at the Egyptian Museum of Florence (Italy). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 9(4), 637–651.
López-Ruiz, Carolina. (2009). “Tarshish and Tartessos Revisited: Textual Problems and Historical Implications.” In: Colonial Encounters in Ancient Iberia: Phoenician, Greek, and Indigenous Relations.
Loprieno, Antonio. (1996). Ancient Egyptian: a linguistic introduction. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Loret, Victor. (1928). La turquoise chez les anciens Egyptiens. Kêmi 1, 99–114.
Lubotsky, Alexander, Klein, Jared, Joseph, Brian, & Fritz, Matthias. (2018). Indo-Iranian: the phonology of Proto-Indo-Iranian. Handbücher zur Sprach und Kommunikationswissenschaft Handbooks of linguistics and communication science, 1875–1888.
Lucas, Alfred, & Harris, John. (2012). Ancient Egyptian materials and industries. Courier Corporation.
Macdonald, Michael C. (2000). Reflections on the linguistic map of pre-Islamic Arabia. Arabian archaeology and epigraphy, 11(1), 28–79.
MacGillivray, A., & Sackett, H. (2000). The Palaikastro Kouros: the Cretan god as a young man. British School at Athens Studies, 165–169.
Maher, J. Peter. (2011). “Stone,” “Hammer,” and “Heaven” in Indo-European Languages and Cosmology. Approaches to Language: Anthropological Issues, 457.
Maher, J. Peter. (1974). Haeḱmon: “(Stone) Axe” and “sky” in I-E / Battle Axe Culture. In: Papers on Languages Theory and History I.
Manclossi, F., Rosen, S.A., & Boëda, E. (2019). From stone to metal: The dynamics of technological change in the decline of chipped stone tool production. A case study from the southern Levant (5th–1st Millennia BCE). Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 26(4), 1276–1326.
Mankowski, Paul V. (2000). Akkadian Loanwords in Biblical Hebrew. Eisenbrauns.
Markowitz, Yvonne J, & Doxey, Denise M. (2014). Jewels of ancient Nubia. MFA publications.
Mayrhofer, Manfred. (1986). Etymologisches wörterbuch des Altindoarischen. 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
McKenny Hughes, Thomas. (1901). Amber. Archaeological Journal, 58(1), 35–46.
McKeown, Jennifer. (2002). The symbolism of the Djed-pillar in The Tale of King Khufu and the Magicians. Trabajos de Egiptología= Papers on Ancient Egypt, (1), 55–68.
Meeks, Dimitri. (1997). Les emprunts egyptiens aux langues semitiques durant le Nouvel Empire et la Troisieme Periode Intermediaire: Les aleas du comparatisme. Bibliotheca orientalis, 54(1), 32–61.
Melikian-Chirvani, Assadullah Souren. (1997). Precious and Semi-Precious Stones in Iranian Culture Chapter I. Early Iranian Jade. Bulletin of the Asia Institute, 11, 123–173.
Meloni, Carlo. (2021). The Resh Riddle: Identifying The Biblical Hebrew Rhotic (Doctoral dissertation, Tel Aviv University).
Meyers, Stephen C (2021). Gemstones of Aaron’s Breastplate and the Urim & Thummim.
Michel, Simone. (2005). (Re)interpreting magical gems, ancient and modern. In Officina magica (pp. 141–170). Brill.
Mindat.org
Monroe, Christopher M. (2018). Marginalizing civilization: the Phoenician redefinition of power ca. 1300–800BC. Trade and civilisation: Economic networks and cultural ties, from prehistory to the early Modern Era, 195–241.
Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart. (1999). Ancient Mesopotamian materials and industries: the archaeological evidence. Eisenbrauns.
Morgenstern, Julien. (1924). The Three Calendars of Ancient Israel. Hebrew Union College Annual, 1, 13–78.
Mukherjee, A.J., Roßberger, E., James, M.A., Pfälzner, P., Higgitt, C.L., White, R., Peggie, D.A., Azar, D., Evershed, R. (2008). The Qatna lion: scientific confirmation of Baltic amber in late Bronze Age Syria. Antiquity 82, 49–59.
Müller, W. Max. (1899). Der lupakku-nophek-Stein. Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, 2(1–6), 20–21.
Murillo-Barroso, M., Peñalver, E., Bueno, P., Barroso, R., de Balbín, R., & Martinon-Torres, M. (2018). Amber in prehistoric Iberia: New data and a review. Plos One, 13(8), e0202235.
Musselman, Lytton John. (2012). A Dictionary of Bible Plants. Cambridge University Press.
Nihan, Christophe, & Rhyder, Julia. (2018). Aaron’s Vestments in Exodus 28 and Priestly Leadership. Debating Authority: Concepts of Leadership in the Pentateuch and the Former Prophets, 507, 45.
Nigro, Lorenzo, Gallo, Elisabetta, Gharib, Romeel, Mura, Francesco, Macrì, Michele, & Rinaldi, Teresa. (2020). An Egyptian Green Schist Palette and an Amazonite Gemstone From the “Palace of the Copper Axes” at Batrawy, Jordan. Vicino Oriente, 24, 1–26.
Noonan, Benjamin J. (2012). Foreign loanwords and Kulturwörter in Northwest Semitic (1400–600BCE): Linguistic and cultural contact in light of terminology for realia. Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion (Ohio).
Noonan, Benjamin J. (2016). Egyptian Loanword as Evidence for the Authenticity of the Exodus and Wilderness Traditions. “Did I Not Bring Israel Out of Egypt?” Biblical, Archaeological, and Egyptological Perspectives on the Exodus Narrative, 49–67.
Noonan, Benjamin J. (2019). Non-Semitic loanwords in the Hebrew Bible: A lexicon of language contact (Vol. 14). Penn State Press.
Nuzzolo, Massimiliano. (2021). The Palermo Stone and its Associated Fragments: New Discoveries on the Oldest Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 107(1–2), 57–78.
del Olmo Lete, Gregorio, & Sanmartín, Joaquín. (2003). A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (2 vols). Brill.
Orel, Vladamir E, & Stolbova, Olga V. (1994). Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary Materials for a Reconstruction. Brill.
Orientalis, Aula. (1998). Phoenician Epigraphic Miscellanea. Aula Orientalis, 16, 77–84.
Paris, Harry. S. (2012). Semitic-language records of snake melons (Cucumis melo, Cucurbitaceae) in the medieval period and the “piqqus” of the “faqqous”. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 59(1), 31–38.
Pasquali, Jacopo. (2005). Il lessico dell’artigianato nei testi di Ebla. Dipartimento di linguistica, Università di Firenze.
Pena, Joabson Xavier. (2021). Wearing the Cosmos: The High Priestly Attire in Josephus’ Judean Antiquities. Journal for the Study of Judaism, 52(3), 359–387.
Pérez, Sebastián Celestino, & López-Ruiz, Carolina. (2016). Tartessos and the Phoenicians in Iberia. Oxford University Press. 26–30.
Perrot, Jean, Curtis, John, & Colon, Gérard. (2013). The Palace of Darius at Susa: the great royal residence of Achaemenid Persia. Tauris.
Peterson, Jeremiah. (2019). The literary Sumerian of Old Babylonian Ur: UET 6/1–3 in transliteration and translation with select commentary. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). 22.
Peust, Carsten. (1999). Egyptian phonology: an introduction to the phonology of a dead language (Vol. 2). Peust und Gutschmidt.
Pickworth Wong, Diana. (1999). Stamp Seals of the Ancient Yemen (Doctoral dissertation, PhD thesis, Berkeley, University of California. [Unpublished]).
Pickworth, Diana. (2021). Gold From Arabia For The Gods and Monarchs of Assyria. South Arabian Long-Distance Trade in Antiquity: “Out of Arabia”. Chapter 20, 463–485.
Piquero, Juan. (2015). La etimología de σμάραγδος: una nueva propuesta a la luz del micénico. Kadmos, 54(1–2), 39–53.
Pope, Marvin H. (1955). El in the Ugaritic texts (No. 2). Brill Archive.
Poltzer, Mark E, & Pineto Reyes, Juan. (2007). Phoenicians in the West. The Institute of Nautical Archaeology at Texas A&M University, 57.
Postgate, Nicholas. (1997). Mesopotamian petrology: Stages in the classification of the material world. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 7(2), 205–224.
Potts, Timothy F. (1993). Patterns of trade in third-millennium BC Mesopotamia and Iran. World Archaeology, 24(3), 379–402.
Potts, Daniel T., Parpola, Asko, Parpola, Simo, & Tidmarsh, J. (1996). Guḫlu and Guggulu. Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 86, 291–305.
Potts, Daniel T. (2003). The mukarrib and His Beads: Karib’il Watar’s Assyrian Diplomacy in the Early 7th Century B.C. Isimu VI. 179–206.
Potts, Daniel T. (2007). Babylonian sources of exotic raw materials. The Babylonian World, 124–140.
Powels, Sylvia. (1992). Indische Lehnwörter in der Bibel. Zeitschrift für Althebraistik, 5(2), 186–186.
Quiring, Heinrich. (1954). Die Edelsteine im Amtsschild des jüdischen Hohenpriesters und die Herkunft ihrer Namen. Sudhoffs Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften, (H. 3), 193–213.
Rahmani, Levi Y. (1974). Table-top of the late Second Temple Period. ’Atiqot: Hebrew Series/’Atiqot: Hebrew Series 9–10. [Hebrew].
Rapp, George. (2009). Archaeomineralogy. Springer Science & Business Media. 115.
Rappenglück, Barbara. (2003). The material of the solid sky and its traces in culture. In The inspiration of astronomical phenomena. Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on the Inspiration of Astronomical Phenomena, sponsored by the Vatican Observatory and the Steward Observatory, Arizona, Magdalen College, Oxford (pp. 3–9).
Rees, Susannah. (2023). Cosmetics in the Hebrew Bible (Doctoral dissertation, King’s College London).
Reichelt, Hans. (1913). Der steinerne Himmel. Indogermanische Forschungen, 32(s1), 23–57.
Rendsburg, Gary A. (2003). A comprehensive guide to israelian Hebrew: grammar and lexicon. Orient, 38, 5–35.
Richey, Madadh. (2021). The Media and Materiality of Southern Levantine Inscriptions. Scribes and scribalism, 29–39.
Rilly, Claude. (2019). Languages of ancient Nubia. In Handbook of Ancient Nubia (pp. 129–152). De Gruyter.
Rosenberg, Danny, Elkayam, Yael, Garfinkel, Yossi, Klimscha, Florian, Vučković, Vesna, & Weiss, Yaakov. (2022). Long-distance trade in the Middle Chalcolithic of the southern Levant: The case of the olivine beads from Tel Tsaf, Jordan Valley, Israel. Plos one, 17(8), e0271547.
Rosół, Rafał. (2018). The Greek name of cinnabar. Eos (Poland), 105(2), 311–322.
Rubio, Gonzalo. (2017). Sumerian temples and arabian horses: On Sumerian e2-gal. The First Ninety Years: A Sumerian Celebration in Honor of Miguel Civil, 12, 284.
Rubio, Gonzalo. (2010). Reading Sumerian Names, I: Ensuhkešdanna and Baba. Journal of cuneiform studies, 62(1), 29–43.
Saminpanya, Seriwat, Saiyasombat, Chatree, Chanlek, Narong, Thammajak, Nirawat, Sirisurawong, Ekkasit, Viriyasunsakun, Rattanavalee, Kingkanlaya, Phusuda & Rakponramuang, Patcharin. (2020). Trace elements content and cause of color in ancient treated carnelian and its natural counterpart from SE Asia. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 12, 1–11.
Sapir, Edward. (1937). Hebrew “Helmet,” a Loanword, and Its Bearing on Indo-European Phonology. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 57(1), 73–77.
Sasseville, David. (2021). Rhotacism in 1st-Millennium BC Anatolia. Comparative Luwian and Lydian Phonology. Beyond All Boundaries. Anatolia in the First Millennium BC (Peeters).
Satzinger, Helmut. (1988). Reading Late Egyptian. Revue Roumaine d’Egyptologie, (2–3), 1989.
Sauneron, Serge. (1961). “Remarques de philologie et d’étymologie (en marge des textes d’Esna).” Mélanges Mariette. Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale. [French]
Saur, Markus. (2010). Ezekiel 26–28 and the History of Tyre. Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament, 24(2), 208–221.
Scagliarini, F. (2007). The word ṣlm/ṣnm and some words for “statue, idol” in Arabian and other Semitic languages. In Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies (pp. 253–262). Archaeopress.
Schenkel, Wolfgang. (2007). Color terms in ancient Egyptian and Coptic. Anthropology of Color. Interdisciplinary multilevel modeling, Amsterdam und Philadelphia, 211–228.
Schmitt, Rüdiger. (2011). Iranische Namen in Nebenüberlieferungen indogermanischer Sprachen: Iranische Personennamen in der griechischen Literatur von Alexander d. Gr. Faszikel 5A. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Schneider, Pierre. (2017). From India to the Black Sea: an overlooked trade route?. [Preprint]
Schuster-Brandis, Anais. (2008). Steine als Schutz-und Heilmittel: Untersuchung zu ihrer Verwendung in der Beschwörungskunst Mesopotamiens im 1. Jt. v. Chr (Vol. 46). Ugarit-Verlag. [No access]
Schuster-Brandis, Anais. (2003). Tupfen und Streifen: Erkenntnisse zur Identifikation von Steinnamen aus der Serie abnu šikinšu “Der Stein, dessen Gestaltung …”. Altorientalische Forschungen, 30(2), 256–268.
Scott, David. A. (2016). A review of ancient Egyptian pigments and cosmetics. Studies in Conservation, 61(4), 185–202.
Sethe, K.H. (1933). Die Bau-und Denkmalsteine der alten Ägypter und ihre Namen. Akademie der wissenschaften, im kommission bei W. de Gruyter u. Company.
Serotta, A., & Carò, F. (2014). Evidence for the use of corundum abrasive in Egypt from the Great Aten Temple at Amarna. Horizon, 14, 2–4.
Shadmon, Asher. (1965). Marble in Israel. Ministry of Development, State of Israel.
Shea, John J. (1988). Spear points from the Middle Paleolithic of the Levant. Journal of Field Archaeology, 15(4), 441–450.
Simkó, Krisztián. (2015). Emery abrasive in the lapidary craft of the Ur III period? Some further remarks on the stone ú-na4-gug and its Old Babylonian counterpart. Aula orientalis: revista de estudios del Próximo Oriente Antiguo, 33(1), 141–156.
Simpson, Elizabeth. (2018). Luxury Arts of the Ancient Near East. In The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar (pp. 662–694). Brill.
Simpson, St. John. (2002). Queen of Sheba: treasures from ancient Yemen. British Museum Press.
Singer, Graciela Noemi Gestoso. (2016). Amber exchange in the Late Bronze Age Levant in cross-cultural Perspective. In International Conference about the Ancient Roads in San Marino.
Slifkin, Nosson. (2007). Sacred Monsters: Mysterious and Mythical Creatures of Scripture, Talmud and Midrash. Zoo Torah.
Slifkin, Natan. (2008). Messianic Wonders and Skeptical Rationalists. Hakirah, 6, 197–221.
Sollberger, Edmond. (1965). A New Inscription of Šilhak-Inšušinak. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 19(1), 31–32.
Southern, Mark, & Vaughn, Andrew G. (1997). Where have all the nasals gone? nC > CC in North Semitic. Journal of Semitic Studies, 42(2), 263–282.
Stadel, Christian. (2017). Gemination of /r/ in Samaritan Hebrew: a note on phonological diversity in Second Temple Period Hebrew. Hebrew Studies, 58, 221–236.
Stieglitz, Robert R. (1979). Commodity prices at Ugarit. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 15–23.
Steiner, Richard C. (2005). On the Dating of Hebrew Sound Changes (*Ḫ > Ḥ and *Ġ > ʿ) and Greek Translations (2Esdras and Judith). Journal of Biblical Literature, 124(2), 229–267.
Steiner, Richard. C. (2012). Vowel syncope and syllable repair processes in Proto-Semitic construct forms: A new reconstruction based on the law of diminishing conditioning. Language and Nature: papers presented to John Huehnergard on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday. University of Chicago. 365–390.
Steiner, Richard C., & Nims, Charles F. (2017). The Aramaic Text in Demotic Script: Text, Translation, and Notes.
Steinhorn, I. (1983). In situ salt precipitation at the Dead Sea. Limnology and oceanography, 28(3), 580–583.
Stern, E.M. (2007). Ancient glass in a philological context. Mnemosyne, 60(3), 341–406.
Stieglitz, Robert R. (1984). Long-distance seafaring in the ancient Near East. The Biblical Archaeologist, 47(3), 134–142.
Strauss, Leo. (1954). On a Forgotten Kind of Writing. Chicago Review, 8(1), 64–75.
Strauss, Leo. (2013). Persecution and the Art of Writing. University of Chicago Press.
Suchard, Benjamin. The development of the Biblical Hebrew vowels: including a concise historical morphology. Brill, 2019.
Tabory, Joseph. (1979). The Household Table in Rabbinic Palestine. AJS review, 4, 211–215.
Takács, Gábor. (2007). Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian: Volume Three: m. Brill.
Takács, Gábor. (2013). [Review of] Nubian Lexicon in Later Egyptian. Bibliotheca Orientalis, 70(5–6), 569–582.
Tawil, Hayyim. (2009). An Akkadian lexical companion for biblical Hebrew: etymological-semantic and idiomatic equivalents with supplement on biblical Aramaic. Ktav Publishing House.
Testen, David. (1998). Semitic Terms for “Myrtle”: A Study in Covert Cognates. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 57(4), 281–290.
Teixidor, Javier. (1978). The Aramaic text in the trilingual stele from Xanthus. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 37(2), 181–185.
Thavapalan, Shiyanthi. (2016). Purple Fabrics and Garments in Akkadian Documents. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History, 3(2), 163–190.
Thavapalan, Shiyanthi. (2019). The Meaning of Color in Ancient Mesopotamia. Brill.
Thambyrajah, Jonathan. (2021). A New Etymology for Hebrew אֶלְגָּבִישׁ and Related Lexemes. Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, 133(3), 346–360.
Theophrastus, Caley, E.R., & Richards, J.F. (1956). Theophrastus on stones: Introduction, Greek text, English translation, and commentary. The Ohio State University Press.
Thoresen, Lisbet & Harrell, James E. (2014). Archaeogemology of Peridot. Twelfth Annual Sinkankas Symposium—Peridot and Uncommon Green Gem Minerals, 31–51.
Thoresen, Lisbet. (2017). Archaeogemmology and Ancient Literary Sources on Gems and Their Origins. In Gemstones in the First Millennium AD. Mines, trade, workshops and symbolism. Maguncia, Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums.
Tigay, Jeffrey H. (2007). The Priestly Reminder Stones and Ancient Near Eastern Votive Practices. Shai le Sara Japhet. Studies in the Bible, its Exegesis and its Language. Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 339–355.
Tietz, Olaf, & Buchner, Joerg. (2018). The origin of the term ‘basalt’. Journal of Geosciences, 63(4), 295–298.
Todd, Joan Markley. (1985). Baltic amber in the ancient Near East: a preliminary investigation. Journal of Baltic Studies, 16(3), 292–301.
Tóth, Valéria. (2020). Theoretical considerations in the linguistic analysis of toponyms. In Advances in Comparative Colonial Toponomastics (pp. 1–22). De Gruyter.
Vavra, Norbert. (2009). The chemistry of amber-facts, findings and opinions. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie A für Mineralogie und Petrographie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Anthropologie und Prähistorie, 445–473.
de la Vega, Sergio. G.D., Guzmán, J.O., Abella, D.F., & Pita, V.T. (2021). The Emerald Mines of Wadi Sikait (Egypt) from a Diachronic Perspective. Results of the 2020 and 2021 Seasons of the Sikait Project. Trabajos de Egiptología= Papers on Ancient Egypt, (12), 19–48.
Vejdemo, Susanne, & Hörberg, Thomas. (2016). Semantic factors predict the rate of lexical replacement of content words. PloS one, 11(1), e0147924.
Waele, An De, & Haerinck, Ernie. (2006). Etched (carnelian) beads from northeast and southeast Arabia. Arabian archaeology and epigraphy, 17(1), 31–40.
Wainwright, Gerald A. (1946). Zeberged: the Shipwrecked Sailor’s Island. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 32(1), 31–38.
Watson, Wilfred GE. (2007). Making Sense of Ugaritic anhb and ġlp. Ugarit-Forschungen, (39), 669–672.
Watson, Wilfred GE, Dietrich, Manfried, & Loretz, Oswald. (2010). Non-Semitic words in the Ugaritic lexicon (8). Ugarit-Forschungen, 42, 831–857.
Watson, Wilfred GE. (2020). A New Proposal for Ugaritic ṣṣ “salt, salt-field”. Historiae, (17), 15–23.
Winter, Irene J. (1999). The aesthetic value of lapis lazuli in Mesopotamia. Cornaline et pierres précieuses. A. Caubet (Ed.). La Méditerranée de l’Antiquité à l’Islam, 43–58.
Wise, Michael O. (2015). Language and Literacy in Roman Judaea: A Study of the Bar Kokhba Documents. Yale University Press.
Wissa, Myriam. (2011). I͗bhꜢ.t in the autobiographical inscription of Weni: developments since 1994. Journal of Egyptian Archeology. Vol. 97, 1.
Wojtilla, Gyula. (2012). Contributions to the cultural history of emerald in early India. Acta Orientalia, 65(4), 463–478.
Wulknitz, P. (1997). Cleaning power and abrasivity of European toothpastes. Advances in Dental Research, 11(4), 576.
Yakubovich, Ilya. (2005). Lydian etymological notes. Historische Sprachforschung/Historical Linguistics, 118, 75–91.
Zerboni, Andrea, Vignola, Pietro, Gatto, Maria Carmela, Risplendente, Andrea, & Mori, Lucia. (2017). Searching For the Garamantian Emerald: Reconsidering the Green-Colored Stone Beads Trade In the Ancient Sahara. The Canadian Mineralogist, 55(4), 651–668.
Zerboni, A., Salvatori, Sandro, Vignola, Pietro, & Usai, Donatella. (2018). The long-distance exchange of amazonite and increasing social complexity in the Sudanese Neolithic. Antiquity, 92(365), 1195–1209.