Basis and regulation of gut barrier function and epithelial cell protection: applications to the weaned pig

J.P. Lallès

Basis and regulation of gut barrier function and epithelial cell protection: applications to the weaned pig

In: Dynamics in animal nutrition

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J.P. Lallès

J.P. Lallès Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1079, Systèmes d’Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine (SENAH), 35590 Saint-Gilles, France; Jean-Paul.Lalles@rennes.inra.fr

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 31–51

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/9789086867066_004

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This review focuses on two important aspects of gut function: the epithelial barrier and its neuro-immune regulation, and epithelial cell protection by heat shock proteins (HSP). Basic aspects of gut homeostasis are summarized and their applied relevance to weaned pigs is provided. Major progress in the understanding of gut barrier function and epithelial cell protection and their regulation has been made recently. Tight junctions and HSP (especially HSP 25 and HSP 70) appear to have a major role in gut defence. Experimental evidence from rodent models indicates that these defence systems are highly dynamic, integrated and finely regulated at the epithelial monolayer. The first level of gut barrier regulation is a direct cross-talk between the host and the gut microbiota. The second regulatory level involves the nervous system, mucosal mast cells and various mediators acting on the epithelium. Gut barrier function and its regulation can be altered following stress or after disturbing the microbiota. These findings have very recently led to the concept that the microbiota are an integrate component of the brain-gut axis. Adverse events (e.g. stress, antibiotic therapy) occurring early in life may have negative consequences on gut barrier function in adulthood, emphasizing the importance of gut bacterial colonisation during the neonatal period in the development of an optimal gut physiology. Interestingly, the first available data suggest that long-term alterations in gut barrier function may be alleviated, at least partly through nutrition intervention. Studies are still scarce in the swine species and, therefore, merit further developments in the areas of gut barrier function, epithelial cell protection and their regulations. This in turn will help developing appropriate strategies for preventing gut disorders, including those observed after weaning. Long-term issues should also be considered.

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Dynamics in animal nutrition

E-Book ISBN:: 9789086867066

Publisher:: Wageningen Academic

Print Publication Date:: 15 Nov 2010

Subjects
- Life Sciences
  - General
  - Animal & Veterinary

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Basis and regulation of gut barrier function and epithelial cell protection: applications to the weaned pig

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Dynamics in animal nutrition

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