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Al-RÄzÄ«âs Treatise on Phlebotomy
0:1 91r
0:2
0:3
0:4
0:5 Chapters of the Treatise
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0:7
0:8
0:9
0:10
0:11
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0:13 |
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0:14
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0:17
0:18
0:19
0:20 The First Chapter
1:1
1:2
1:3 |
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Ms. Escorial: âin man.â
See commentary.
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1:4
1:5
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1:7 91v
1:8
1:9 |
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â®âMs. Escorial: â®
See commentary.
In Arabic al-ġudda.
Ms. Escorial: âit remains that way.â
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path that is called porta]1 and its shape is like the shape of a vein, except that it does not contain blood as a vein does. Branches of veins, distributed as thin parts, sprout from its origin in the body of the liver, in which the blood is cocted and separated from the two biles. Had it not been for the watery fluid that mixes with the blood in the veins attached to the intestines, the stomach, and the liver, when the blood arrives at these places, they would be too narrow and blocked due to its thickness, so that they would not be nourished from it at all.
1:10
1:11
1:12
1:13 |
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â®âAdded in tiny script above the line.â¬â¬â
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[â¦] lacking in Ms. Parma.
Ms. Escorial: âpart.â
Ms. Escorial: âparts.â
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The Second Chapter
2:1
2:2
2:3 92r
2:4
2:5 |
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This chapter in Ms. Parma is incomplete: not all these topics are covered.
Ms. Escorial: âthe patient may be fed with coarse food for a period of fourteen days.â
See commentary.
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2:6
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Ms. Escorial reads âold men at the age of seventy yearsâ in plural.
Ms. Escorial: MadÄ«nat Miá¹£r, i.e., al-Fusá¹Äá¹.
Ms. Escorial: âI would postpone it for that sake.â
Ms. Escorial: âsyrup of [two types of] pomegranates.â
Ms. Escorial lists also sikbÄǧ.
Qusá¹Ä Ibn LÅ«qÄ.
Ms. Escorial: dirham.
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2:9
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2:11
2:12 92v
2:13 [lacuna]2 |
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I.e., the Ancients.
See 2:17â2:19 in the edition of Ms. Escorial.
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The Third Chapter
3:1
3:2
3:3
3:4 |
â®âDeleted + â®â¬â¬â
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â®âMs. + â®
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â®âCould also be read as â®
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â®â[sic]â¬â¬â
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See commentary.
Ms. Escorial: kadar al-ḥawÄss, âtroubled sensations.â
Ms. Escorial: al-damÄmÄ«l, in plural.
See commentary.
Ms. Escorial: aqwÄ, âstronger.â See commentary.
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3:5
3:6
3:7
3:8 93r
3:9 |
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â®âDeleted in the Ms.+ â®â¬â¬â
Ms. Escorial: âdanger.â
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uate them by means of phlebotomy even if the body is not afflicted by either type of overfilling, at the onset of a warm swelling caused either by a blow or a fall or severe sorrow,1 or weakness of a partâsince when a part aches or weakens, it attracts blood if the humour is drawn to this area, just as the cupping vessels draw blood. The Fourth Chapter
4:1
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4:3
4:4 |
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Ms. Escorial: âsevere pain.â
Ms. Escorial: âthe body becomes cold immediately after unconsciousness, and moist.â
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4:5
4:6 The Fifth Chapter
5:1
5:2
5:3 93v
5:4
5:5 |
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â®âMs. + a deleted, smudged word.â¬â¬â
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See commentary.
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5:6
5:7
5:8
5:9
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5:12 |
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â®âMs. Escorial â®
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Ms. Escorial: âa vein.â
In Arabic al-kalaf.
Ms. Escorial: ḥazÄz, âdandruff,â apparently read and understood as ḥarÄra, âheatâ by the copyist of Ms. Parma.
See commentary.
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5:13
5:14
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In Arabic buḥḥat al-ṣawt.
Ms. Escorial: liʾannahu murtaq ilayhÄ, âbecause it ascends to them.â
Ms. Parma reads âcommon name,â see commentary.
Arabic riʾÄsa, Greek basilikós.
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5:19 94r
5:20
5:21
5:22
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5:25 |
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In Arabic á¹£Äfin, dual á¹£ÄfinÄn.
In Arabic al-ʿirq al-madanī.
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The Sixth Chapter
6:1
6:2 [lacuna]2
6:3
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6:5
6:6 |
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Lit. irrigates.
See 6:2â6:8 in the edition of Ms. Escorial.
In Arabic Å¡afrat al-mibá¸aÊ¿.
See commentary.
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6:7
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6:10 94v
6:11 [lacuna]3 The Seventh Chapter
7:1
7:2 |
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In Arabic ḥabl al-á¸irÄÊ¿; Ms. Parma reads z-b-l al-á¸irÄÊ¿.
In Arabic al-á¹£Äfin.
See 6:21â6:22 in the edition of Ms. Escorial.
See commentary.
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7:3 [lacuna]1 The Eighth Chapter
8:1
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8:4 |
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See 7:4â7:9 in the edition of Ms. Escorial.
Ms. Escorial: âor quickly becomes hungry.â
I.e., chapter 10.
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8:5
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8:8 95r |
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â®âMs. Escorial: â®
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Ms. Escorial: âdo not apply many cloths on it.â
Ms. Escorial: âwho has recently travelled or been phlebotomised, or who is very tired, who suffers from constipation â¦â
Ms. Escorial: âwho suffers from indigestion.â
Ms. Escorial: âin his body.â
In Arabic al-saqá¹a al-Ê¿aáºÄ«ma.
Lit. âcolour of a pomegranate.â
Ms. Parma does not mention the quote as Galenâs words, which is clearly expressed in Ms. Escorial. See commentary.
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The Ninth Chapter
9:1
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9:5 |
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See commentary.
Ms. Escorial: âor because the pulse is thin.â
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9:6 The Tenth Chapter
10:1
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10:5 |
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Ms. Escorial: âthere are veins that do not react positively to that.â
In Ms. Escorial this is the way to treat a drunk person (wa-man kÄna sakÄ«ran), which is not mentioned in Ms. Parma.
Ms. Escorial: âa variety of fruit spread out in it.â
Ms. Escorial: âaccording to appetiteâ.
See commentary.
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our intention in this book, indeed, is unconsciousness that occurs during phlebotomy and its cause, we say that for someone in whose liver the vital pneuma is fine, a lot of it will get extracted
95v
10:6
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10:8
10:9 |
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Ms. Escorial: âhis body.â
Lit. âif his soul does not return to him.â
A menâs perfume with several variations, the basic components of which are must, ambergris, and balsam oil.
Ms. Escorial: + ginger.
Equals dirham in Ms. Escorial.
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10:10 The Eleventh Chapter
11:1
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11:3
11:4 |
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â®âIn Ms. Escorial â®
â®âIn Ms. Escorial â®
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Al-KitÄb al-ManṣūrÄ«, also written by al-RÄzÄ«.
Ms. Escorial: âvery sour oxymel, alternatively with the addition of endive roots and its seeds.â
Ms. Escorial: âgourd and purslane.â See commentary.
Vegetable broth is not mentioned in Ms. Escorial.
Ms. Escorial: âOf fresh fish the small ones prepared as sikbÄǧâ.
Ms. Escorial: melon, i.e., dullÄÊ¿, also described as al-biá¹á¹Ä«á¸« al-madanÄ« and al-biá¹á¹Ä«á¸« al-dalasÄ«.
Al-tapuḥiyya, understood as al-tuffÄḥiyya, a dish made with apples. Not mentioned in Ms. Escorial.
Spinach, in Arabic al-isfÄnÄḫ, is mentioned as a plant or an ingredient, not as a dish in Ms. Escorial.
This short passage seems to be the only thing left from what in Ms. Escorial describes the diet and regimen of a patient whose disposition needs to be cooled down.
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11:5 [lacuna]11
11:6 96r |
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Lit. purges the natural constitution.
Ms. Escorial: âsurplus of blood.â
The amount of the mentioned ingredients is not mentioned in Ms. Parma; Ms. Escorial reads âten grains.â
Ms. Escorial adds endive seeds and purslane seeds, three dirhams of each.
In Ms. Escorial the measure is dirham.
Ms. Escorial adds nightshade leaves.
In Ms. Escorial âone part of each.â
Litre corresponds to raá¹l in Ms. Escorial.
Ms. Escorial: âit is filtered for a second time.â
Ms. Escorial: âIf it loosens the bowels, [then that is fine], but if not â¦â
See 11:8â11:11 in the edition of Ms. Escorial.
Ms. Escorial: âtwo dirhams of each.â
Ms. Escorial adds three dirhams of peeled liquorice root, one dirham of Chinese rhubarb, and half a dirham of saffron.
Ms. Escorial: âone dirham.â
For an additional prescription of pastilles, see 11:13 in the edition of Ms. Escorial.
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The Twelfth Chapter
12:1
12:2
12:3
12:4 |
â®ââ®
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â®âMs. Escorial â®
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Ms. Parma omits mentioning the benefits of phlebotomising the frontal vein.
Ms. Escorial: âheadache combined with heaviness of the body and the head.â
Comparison between these two, extant in Ms. Escorial, is missing in Ms. Parma.
Ms. Escorial: âunavoidable fever.â
Ms. Escorial: âchronic winds towards the false ribs.â
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monitor and observe whether the blood is black, in which case one extracts it, and if not, then one ends it[s extraction]â; and for pain in the spleen combined with swelling and heat; fleshy dropsy1 caused by the obstruction of blood of the haemorrhoids, menstruation, or other causes of overfilling; for sudden intestine pain called al-maġṣ [i.e., gripes]; bloody diarrhoea; al-saḥaǧ [i.e., the abrasion of guts] with sound strength; for diarrhoea caused by a melancholic humour flowing into the stomachâit is phlebotomised from the leftâ; and for the illness al-qawlanǧ [i.e., colic] caused by a swelling [of the guts, followed by thirst of] water, or vomiting; and throbbing pain in the stomach [i.e., ileus];2 for swelling [or] tumour in the kidneys that in the initial stage is followed by irregular fevers; for the kidney weakness combined with pain in the spinal column, reduced sexual desire, and urine that resembles meat broth, or bloody urine; for the spilling of semen called al-iḥtilÄm [i.e., nocturnal emission]; for heavy, strong menstrual bleeding; hard swellings [i.e., polyps] in the uterus during an overfilling of the body,3 and for swellings in the uterus caused by amenorrhea, difficult birth, or a blow on the uterus; for pains of haemorrhoids; fissures in the anus; swelling of the testicles with heat; for spinal pain with heat and throbbing; and for
96v
12:5
12:6 |
â®
â®âMs. Escorial reads: â®
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â®âMs. Escorial: â®
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Lit. âillness of bad, fleshy waters.â
Important parts missing in Ms. Parma.
Ms. Escorial: âpolyps in the uterus that bleed in cycles that are not menstrual cycles.â
Ms. Escorial: al-sÄq, âleg.â See commentary.
This central part mentioning sanguine fever, extant in Ms. Escorial, is missing in Ms. Parma.
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12:7
12:8 The Thirteenth Chapter
13:1
13:2
13:3
13:4 [lacuna]4
13:5 |
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â®âDeleted in the MS â®
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Ms. Escorial: âone part of frankincense, and half a part of aloe.â
â rʾš hmwlâ , see commentary.
This is mentioned as a part of another prescription Ms. Escorial (13:4).
See 13:4â13:9 in the edition of Ms. Escorial.
Ms. Escorial: five miṯqÄls each.
Ms. Escorial: three miṯqÄls.
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melted on fire, then removed to cool down a little, and then one adds gum tragacanth, litharge, and ceruse, equal parts until it thickens. It is used when necessary. The patient should not bathe as long as the part is hot. The Fourteenth Chapter
14:1
14:2 97r
14:3
14:4
14:5
14:6
14:7 |
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â®âMs. + â®
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See commentary.
In Arabic al-aḫdaÊ¿Än in nominative.
In Arabic al-kÄhil.
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14:8
14:9
14:10
14:11
14:12
14:13 14:14. It is also beneficial for the melancholic if suspended below al-Å¡arÄsÄ«f [i.e., costal cartilages of the false ribs] on the left side and on the stomach. If applied on the spleen, it ceases melancholic diarrhoea, and defeats haemorrhoids in the anus. |
â®
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â®â[sic]â¬â¬â
And?
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14:15
14:16 |
â®
â®
See commentary.