Notes to the Reader
Place names are given their generally accepted English spellings where one exists.
Names of places, dynasties, and modern scholars are used without diacritics.
All dates are given in the Gregorian calendar (BCE/CE).
Persian terms and personal names of kings, scholars, and courtiers of Indo-Persian origin are transliterated reflecting general Indo-Persian usage wherever possible.
Sanskrit terms and names of kings and scholars of ancient India are transliterated using the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST).
Mughal paintings described in this book are painted on paper using opaque watercolours (earth and mineral pigments mixed with gum arabic) and usually embellished with gold and/or silver.
Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain permission for the usage of the illustrations reproduced in this book. All rightsholders have been credited. Should you have any concerns regarding copyright of any of these illustrations, please contact Brillâs copyright department.