Independent Learning and the Essential Role of Feedback

Heather Kanuka

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Chapter 4 Independent Learning and the Essential Role of Feedback

In: New Science of Learning

Author:

Heather Kanuka

Heather Kanuka
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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 40–59

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004540767_004

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Abstract

The broad constructs of learner control and independent/self-directed learning has been well researched in the learning sciences. This research has consistently revealed that under certain circumstances there can be negative consequences when learners are provided with high degrees of learner control. The role for feedback is linked to independent learning and is one of the most powerful influences on learner success. Specifically, as learner assessment is the de facto curriculum, feedback on progress is an essential driver. However, feedback is not discrete practice. Research in the learning sciences reveals that effective feedback involves a number of complex issues, including (a) the effective ‘type’ of feedback (immediate, delayed, knowledge of correct/incorrect response, etc.), (b) the kind of learning outcome (cognitive, intellectual, verbal or attitudinal) and (c) purposes (motivation, information, or contingent). Hence, feedback is an integral part of an instructional dialogue between instructors and learners and the effectiveness changes under different circumstances. The purpose of this chapter is to present a set of heuristics to guide effective strategies for course design based on what we know from the learning sciences on independent learning and feedback.

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New Science of Learning

Exploration in Mind, Brain, and Education

Series: Contemporary Approaches to Research in Learning Innovations, Volume: 14

E-Book ISBN:: 9789004540767

Publisher:: Brill

Print Publication Date:: 17 Jan 2023

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- Education

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Chapter 4 Independent Learning and the Essential Role of Feedback

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New Science of Learning

Exploration in Mind, Brain, and Education

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