In 1679 Hadriaan Beverland (1650-1716) was banished from the province of Holland. Why was this humanist scholar exiled from one of the most tolerant parts of Europe in the seventeenth century? To answer this question, this book places Beverlandâs writings on sex, sin, and scholarship in their historical context for the first time. Beverland argued that sexual lust was the original sin and highlighted the importance of sex in human nature, ancient history, and his own society. His audacious works hit a raw nerve: Dutch theologians accused him of atheism, he was abandoned by his humanist colleagues, and he was banished by the University of Leiden.
By positioning Beverlandâs extraordinary scholarship in the context of the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic, this book examines how his radical studies challenged the intellectual, ecclesiastical, and political elite, providing a fresh perspective upon the Dutch Republic in the last decades of its Golden Age.
Karen Hollewand is a Postdoc at the University of Utrecht, where she currently studies the ideal of sharing knowledge in the early modern Republic of Letters and the development of a science of sex in seventeenth-century Europe. She completed her DPhil on the banishment of Beverland at the University of Oxford in 2016.
Acknowledgments
List of Tables and Illustrations
Abbreviations and Translations
Note on Translations
Introduction
â1âStudies on Beverland
â2âThe Seventeenth-Century Dutch Republic
â3âSin, Scripture, Scholarship, Sex
Prologue: Banishment (1650â1680)
â1âEarly Life and Student Years
â2âFirst Publications
â2âTrial and Banishment
1 Sin
â1âThe Fall of Adam and Eve
â2âIdeas on Sex and Sin
â3âBeverland and the Dutch Theologians
â4âConclusion
2 Scripture
â1âThe Bible in the Seventeenth Century
â2âPhilological Criticism
â3âComposition and Conservation
â4âA Spinozist?
â5âConclusion
3 Scholarship
â1âThe Humanist
â2âSex and Humanist Scholarship
â3âConclusion
4 Sex
â1âBars, Brothels, and Obscenities
â2âEnticing Texts and Images
â3âTruth and Liberty
â4âConclusion
Epilogue: Exile (1680â1716)
â1âStudies and Services
â2âReturn to the Dutch Republic
â3âA Broken Man
Conclusion Bibliography Index
Those interested in Hadriaan Beverland, the Dutch Republic, the history of sexuality and of science, and ideas on lust, on original sin, and on sexual liberty in the early modern period. Keywords: Hadriaan Beverland, Dutch Republic, original sin, lust, sexual liberty, humanism, history of sexuality, history of science, intellectual history, censorship.