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Religion, Politics and Law
Philosophical Reflections on the Sources of Normative Order in Society
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Modern, liberal democracies in the West living under the rule of law and protection of human rights cannot articulate the very values from which they derive their legitimacy. These pre-political and pre-legal preconditions cannot be guaranteed, let alone be enforced by the state, but constitute nevertheless its moral and spiritual infrastructure. Until recently, a common background and horizon consisted in Christianity, but due to secularisation and globalisation, society has become increasingly multicultural and multireligious. The question can and should be raised how religion relates to these sources of normative order in society, how religion, politics and law relate to each other, and how social cohesion can be attained in society, given the growing varieties of religious experiences. In this book, a philosophical account of this question is carried out, on the one hand historically from Plato to the Enlightenment, on the other hand systematically and practically.
Bart Labuschagne, Ph.D. (1995) in Legal Philosophy, University of Groningen (The Netherlands), is Lecturer of Philosophy of Law and Fellow of the Meijers Institute of Legal Studies at the Law Faculty of Leiden University (The Netherlands). He publishes on the relations between law and religion from a philosophical perspective, recently (in Dutch) Law and Religion. The Civil Dimension of Religions as Spiritual Foundation of Liberal Democracy (Boom Juridische Uitgevers 2007). Reinhard Sonnenschmidt, Ph.D. (1989), Habil. (2000) in Political Philosophy, University of Duisburg-Essen (Germany) is Privatdozent for Political Theory and History of Ideas at the University of Duisburg-Essen, President of the Institut für Religionspolitologie, Duisburg-Essen. Publications on religion and politics, in particular (in German) Political Gnosis. Estrangement, Belief and Immortality, Illusion in Late Antiquity's Religion and in Political Philosophy (Wilhelm Fink Verlag 2001).
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ............................................................................. ix
List of Contributors ............................................................................ xi
Philosophical Refl ections on Religion, Politics and Law:
An Introduction ....................................................................................... 1
Bart C. Labuschagne and Reinhard W. Sonnenschmidt
PART A
PHILOSOPHICAL-HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES:
WITH VOEGELIN BACK TO PLATO, ARISTOTLE,
AUGUSTINE AND HEGEL
I. Eric Voegelinâs Philosophy of Law and Ethics:
A Critique ................................................................................15
Andreas A.M. Kinneging
II. Platoâs Political Ontology:
On the Nature of Man and Regime ........................................31
Benjamin Bilski
III. Religion and Order:
Philosophical Refl ections from Augustine to Hegel on
the Spiritual Sources of Law and Politics ................................71
Bart C. Labuschagne
PART B
POLITICO-RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVES:
A CRITICAL REAPPRAISAL OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT,
AND THE NEW APPROACH OF THE âPOLITICAL
SCIENCE OF RELIGIONâ
IV. Politics and Religion in the Philosophy
of the Enlightenment I:
Hobbes, Spinoza, Locke and Rousseau ...................................97
Claus-E. Bärsch
V. Politics and Religion in the Philosophy of the
Enlightenment II: Kant ......................................................129
Claus-E. Bärsch
VI. Basic Outlines of the âPolitical Science of Religionâ ..........167
Claus-E. Bärsch
PART C
SYSTEMATICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES:
ON EVIL, LOVE, VIOLENCE, TOTALITARIANISM
AND THE CURRENT MEANING OF
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
VII. The Diabolical Dimensions in the Shapes of
Political Reality .................................................................. 205
Peter Berghoff
VIII. Love and Violence:
Dialectical Refl ections on the Phenomenology
of the Crusade ....................................................................223
Timo J.M. Slootweg
IX. Totalitarianism and Radical Islamic
Ideologies ............................................................................257
David A.J. Suurland
X. The Enlightenment in Contemporary
Cultural Debate ..................................................................311
Paul Cliteur and Geoff Gordon
PART D
PRACTICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES:
DEALING WITH RELIGIOUS PLURALISM UNDER
THE CONSTITUTION OR: THE CHALLENGING
VARIETIES OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE
IN MODERN DEMOCRACIES
XI. The Religious Aspects of the Founding of America:
A Design of Religion and Reason .......................................335
Detlef David Bauszus
XII. Taking Pluralism Seriously:
The US and the EU as Multicultural Democracies? ........ 363
Hans-Martien Th.D. ten Napel and Florian H. Karim Theissen
Labuschagne_FM.indd vi 1/20/2009 11:18:51 AM
CONTENTS vii
XIII. Law, Politics and Religion:
In Search of Criteria for Understanding
Modernity .......................................................................... 393
Reinhard W. Sonnenschmidt
XIV. From Transcendence to Introcendence:
The Consciousness of Political Reality and
Psycho-Esoteric Constructions of Salvation ......................415
Andreas Dordel and Andrea Ullrich
Name Index ......................................................................................447
Subject Index ....................................................................................449
Acknowledgements ............................................................................. ix
List of Contributors ............................................................................ xi
Philosophical Refl ections on Religion, Politics and Law:
An Introduction ....................................................................................... 1
Bart C. Labuschagne and Reinhard W. Sonnenschmidt
PART A
PHILOSOPHICAL-HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES:
WITH VOEGELIN BACK TO PLATO, ARISTOTLE,
AUGUSTINE AND HEGEL
I. Eric Voegelinâs Philosophy of Law and Ethics:
A Critique ................................................................................15
Andreas A.M. Kinneging
II. Platoâs Political Ontology:
On the Nature of Man and Regime ........................................31
Benjamin Bilski
III. Religion and Order:
Philosophical Refl ections from Augustine to Hegel on
the Spiritual Sources of Law and Politics ................................71
Bart C. Labuschagne
PART B
POLITICO-RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVES:
A CRITICAL REAPPRAISAL OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT,
AND THE NEW APPROACH OF THE âPOLITICAL
SCIENCE OF RELIGIONâ
IV. Politics and Religion in the Philosophy
of the Enlightenment I:
Hobbes, Spinoza, Locke and Rousseau ...................................97
Claus-E. Bärsch
V. Politics and Religion in the Philosophy of the
Enlightenment II: Kant ......................................................129
Claus-E. Bärsch
VI. Basic Outlines of the âPolitical Science of Religionâ ..........167
Claus-E. Bärsch
PART C
SYSTEMATICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES:
ON EVIL, LOVE, VIOLENCE, TOTALITARIANISM
AND THE CURRENT MEANING OF
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
VII. The Diabolical Dimensions in the Shapes of
Political Reality .................................................................. 205
Peter Berghoff
VIII. Love and Violence:
Dialectical Refl ections on the Phenomenology
of the Crusade ....................................................................223
Timo J.M. Slootweg
IX. Totalitarianism and Radical Islamic
Ideologies ............................................................................257
David A.J. Suurland
X. The Enlightenment in Contemporary
Cultural Debate ..................................................................311
Paul Cliteur and Geoff Gordon
PART D
PRACTICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES:
DEALING WITH RELIGIOUS PLURALISM UNDER
THE CONSTITUTION OR: THE CHALLENGING
VARIETIES OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE
IN MODERN DEMOCRACIES
XI. The Religious Aspects of the Founding of America:
A Design of Religion and Reason .......................................335
Detlef David Bauszus
XII. Taking Pluralism Seriously:
The US and the EU as Multicultural Democracies? ........ 363
Hans-Martien Th.D. ten Napel and Florian H. Karim Theissen
Labuschagne_FM.indd vi 1/20/2009 11:18:51 AM
CONTENTS vii
XIII. Law, Politics and Religion:
In Search of Criteria for Understanding
Modernity .......................................................................... 393
Reinhard W. Sonnenschmidt
XIV. From Transcendence to Introcendence:
The Consciousness of Political Reality and
Psycho-Esoteric Constructions of Salvation ......................415
Andreas Dordel and Andrea Ullrich
Name Index ......................................................................................447
Subject Index ....................................................................................449
All those interested in religious studies and political theology, as well as in legal studies, jurisprudence, constitutional theory, political science, social science, humanities and philosophy.