Evaluation of udder cleanliness by spectroscopy
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Analysis of spectroscopic parameters to evaluate the efficiency of cleaning udders and teats indicated that manual cleaning mainly caused modifications of reflectivity of surfaces. The parameters red/green and yellow/blue were not useful to indicate cleaning efficiency at white surfaces, but a significant reduction of the level of “yellow” due to cleaning was observed at black surfaces.
The parameter red/green was most efficient to detect bloodstained surfaces. Blood was present when a certain limit was exceeded.
A more practical evaluation of visual cleanliness is to be expected by the use of appropriate machine vision systems.