Figures
1.1 Erna Low’s personal advertisement 15
2.1 Chamberlain oblivious to the crowds of unemployed below c.1939 42
3.1 Refugee industrialist families in the Northeast, Autumn 1939 56
3.2 Refugee industrialist families in the Northeast, 1945 57
3.3 Refugee industrialists settlement in South Wales, Autumn 1939 59
3.4 Refugee industrialists settlement in South Wales, 1944 59
5.1 December 1980 at Miloré, Emil Rich is on the left 87
5.2 WW2 RAF Short Stirling bomber crew in 1943, heating cables shown 91
5.3 Miloré gloves 95
6.1 Designs for the EFE series of unit furniture, 1937 102
6.2 Originally named Element ‘A’ by Goldfinger, this unit with a roller shutter front has been at 2 Willow Road since 1939 108
6.3 EFE brochure, 1938 115
6.4 MARS Group Exhibition, New Burlington Galleries, London, 1938. Example of a children’s room with an EFE sideboard and bookcase, with toys by Paul and Majorie Abbatt 117
8.1 Drawing of a device to illuminate enemy aircraft as proposed by Stephan Mittler 156
9.1 Warschauer opened the Technical School in House 36 on 22 August 1940. The camp newspaper later published a transcript of Warschauer’s opening speech, in which he claimed the school would transform ‘enemy aliens’ into ‘valuable aliens’ 165
9.2 Ludwig Warschauer, founder of Hutchinson’s Technical School was the subject of a multi-year investigation by the British security services, which kept copious files on the man who claimed to be a brilliant inventor, as well as his wife, Echen Kohsen 167
9.3 Kurt Schwitters, the celebrated artist associated with the Dadaist movement, was interned in Hutchinson. There he painted portraits of many of his fellow internees, including Warschauer 169
9.4 The lawyer James G. Craufurd served as MI5’s lead investigator into Warschauer’s case. After years of excruciating investigative work, Craufurd concluded that the school was ‘the only good thing Warschauer ever achieved in his life’ 176
10.1 Ira Rischowski as a student in Darmstadt, c.1920 182
10.2 Typeface Rischowski, designed by Talent Group Production Designers 193
11.1 Portrait of Ludwig Loewy by Max Westfield, painted posthumously in 1943 197
11.2 Loewy Engineering, London: Prewar drawing of a shear for trimming aluminium sheets used to make combat aircraft 207
12.1 Londex Switchgear. Precision on a small scale 219
12.2 Emergency flashing bollard 223
12.3 Automatic door opening devices 225
12.4 Arthur Ney’s retirement party, 1969. His daughter, Angela Ney-Goldenberg, is standing to his right 227
13.1 Werner David as an undergraduate at Manchester University 1938–1941 231
13.2 Central Laboratories, Fulham 237
13.3 Central Laboratories, Fulham, 1931 237
13.4 Werner David in the Home Guard c.1944 244
13.5 Pages from Shell’s marketing leaflet of 1949 aimed at the agricultural sector 246
14.1 Professor Georg Schlesinger with his engineering students, in the grounds of the Technische Hochschule, Berlin, c.1931 254
14.2 The 4 Design Council Award winners in June 1979 266
15.1 Wolja in 1938 272
15.2 Wolja at the Heinrich Hertz Institute 275
15.3 Certificate given to Wolja when he was released from internment 280
15.4 The Clerk Maxwell Premium 286
Tables
8.1 List of invention proposals 149–153