Index
Page numbers in bold refer to illustrations. Page numbers followed by a t refer to tables. The Northern Song period is not indexed as the whole text is about this period.
abbab rhyming pattern
157
absolute pitches
56–57
Academy of Literacy and Learning (Wenxueguan)
19
actor-network theory (ant)
6
adhesive rehmannia root tuber (dihuang)
33–34
-aeng rhyme group
151
agency
6–7
ai, xue (“mist and snow”)
38
alcohol
17, 20, 85, 139
see also beer
allusions, in literary works
132, 143, 147–148
aloe wood
see tambac
ambergris (longdanxiang)
48, 54, 111
Anderson, Benedict
10, 176
ant (actor-network theory)
6
Anthology of Chicken Ribs (Jilei bian) (Zhuang Zhuo)
12
Anthology of Mr. Liang Xi (Li Gang)
93
appreciation
of aromatic substances
2, 42, 49, 50, 51, 135, 161, 171
of qin music
58–59, 66, 70–71
of tea
27, 32–33, 36, 42, 151–152, 156–157, 171
see also popularity
Arcane Essential Prescriptions from the Imperial Library (Waitai miyao fang) (Wang Tao)
28, 30
armed forces, provisioning of
89–90
aromatic substances
as addition to tea
41, 47, 86
applications of
54–55
appreciation of
2, 42, 49, 50, 51, 135, 161, 171
burning of
containers
54
fragrance of
see under fragrance
fumigation and
53–54
gathering protocols and
11, 65
as insect repellents
53, 65
religion and
49
see also incense burners
geographic sources of
109–110
government control of
111–112
identification of
49–50
import of
3
interrelatedness and
see tea, aromatic substances and qin music
material evidence of
48
medical use of
49, 50, 51, 52
mixing of
52
in paintings
see under paintings / murals
in poetry
see under poetry
preservation / processing of
52, 111, 172
raw materials related to
5
recreational use of
50, 51
in Shōsō-in collection
48, 49, 60
sources on
medical texts
49, 52
xiangpu genre
47–48, 50, 52, 55, 109–110, 111, 158
see also Xiangpu
status of
51, 55, 163–164
taxation / taxes on
112
trade routes for
110
transportation of
110, 122
value of
111–112
see also under specific substances
artistic constructs
4–5, 27, 128, 135, 138–139, 142, 143, 148, 151–152, 161, 171–172, 173, 175
Bainaqin (“qin of hundreds of pieces”)
115
Baiqintang
116n121
baiye (Chinese arborvitae twig and leaf)
83, 85
banzaiche (carts)
122–123
barbary wolfberry fruit (gouqi)
83
beer
17, 146, 147, 155–156
Beijing Palace Museum
21, 22–23, 134–135, 135–139, 139
Benn, James
27, 40n77
Bo Yi
147
Book of Music (Yueshu) (Chen Yang)
69
Book of the Qin (Qinshu) (anon.)
21, 119
boshanlu (incense burner)
52–53
Brewing Tea by Drawing Water from the River (Su Shi)
150, 151
Brewing Tea (Chazhong zayong) (Pi Rixiu)
21
Brewing Tea in the Exam Court (Su Shi)
148–149, 150–151
bribery
93, 95
bronze bells
56–57
Buddhism / Buddhists
aromatic substance burning practices of
48–49, 161
depicted on scrolls
134–135, 138
monastery gardens
87–88
tea drinking and
27
see also Zequan
“bun-shaped kilns” (mantouyao)
103
Bush, Susan
8
Cai Jing
aromatic substances and
111
calligraphic work of
19, 24n27, 132
Huizong and
12, 14, 17–18, 132–133, 172
on large force of officials
94
on luxury items
13
musical theory and
57
poetry of
on Listening to the Qin
20–21, 25, 74, 129–132, 133
on Literati Gathering
17, 18–20, 74, 128, 130, 133
as scholar-artist
8–9
tea and
12, 91–92, 93–94, 95–97
Cai Xiang
on additions to tea
41, 47, 86
on Dalongfengcha
47
on ewers
44
as fiscal commissioner
88
inventing tea brand
88, 98
on medical qualities of tea
28
as scholar-artist
8
on tea bowls
34, 42–43
on tea color
38–39
on tea contests
36n70, 38
on water temperature
34, 35, 39
Cai Yong
21, 115
calligraphy
19, 24n27, 132
Camellia sinensis
see tea
camphor (longnaoxiang)
41, 48, 51, 55n125, 86
candles, scented
54
Canton (Guangdong)
28n42, 77, 109, 110, 121, 122
Cantonese
110
cao (qin melody)
64, 65, 71, 73, 129–132, 166n73
see also caonong
Cao Taihou, Empress Dowager
64
Cao Zhi
64–65, 71, 74, 129, 132
Caocha (tea brand)
80
caonong (qin music category)
65, 129–130, 132
see also cao, dacao, xiaocaonong
Capital (Marx)
92
carts
122–123
ceramics
transportation of
122
see also tea bowls, tea utensils
cha
see tea
chanoyu (tea ceremony)
2
Chant of the Drunken Old Man (Mei Yaochen)
165–166, 165t
Chant of the Drunken Old Man, with Preamble (Ouyang Xiu)
164, 165t
Chant of the Drunken Old Man (Zuiweng yín) (Shen Zun)
in general
164, 165t, 168
Su’s lyrics to
166–168
Chen Cangqi
115–116
Chen Jiejin
17
Chen Jing
48
Chen Pengnian
72–73
Chen Shiwen
30, 52, 86
Chen Yang
69
Cheng Yujian
64, 71, 129
Cheng Yujian’s Treatise of the Qin (Cheng Yujian qinlun)
64
chenshui
159
chenxiang (tambac)
48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 109, 110
China-fir wood (shan; cunninghamia)
61, 113–114, 114t, 116
Chinese arborvitae twig and leaf (baiye)
83, 85
Chinese catalpa wood (zi)
113–114, 114t, 120
Chinese parasol wood (wutong)
21, 113–114, 115, 120
chromatic scale
56–58
Chuci (Qu Yan or Song Yu)
146
Chunlei (“Spring Thunder”) qin
116, 133
Chuzhou
164, 165, 168, 169
Cishan
155
Classic of Tea (Chajing) (Lu Yu)
1, 27–28, 40, 42, 145
Classified and Collected Materia Medica (Zhenglei bencao: Chongxiu Zhenghe jingshi zhenglei beiyong bencao) (Tang Shenwei et al.)
28, 30, 31, 49, 111, 115–116
clothing, fumigation of
54
coastal glehnia root (shashen)
30, 31–32, 99
coffin boards (guchenban)
115–116
collaborative constructs
11
Collected Rhymes (Jiyun) (Ding Du et al.)
72, 74
common monkshood daughter root (fuzi)
84
communities
formation of
6–11, 172–177
imagined
10, 176
see also qin communities, scholar-artist communities
Compendium of Song Dynasty Government Documents (Songhuiyao jigao)
86–87
Comprehensive Anthology of Books about the Qin (Qinshu daquan)
63, 117–118
Comprehensive Collection of Essays of the Song Dynasty (Quan Songwen)
12
Comprehensive Examination of Literature (Wenxian tongkao)
97
Confucianism / Confucianists
18, 134, 138, 154
Confucius
168
constructs
see artistic constructs, collaborative constructs, cultural constructs, economic constructs, political construct
copper
144, 146
creativity
10–11, 173–174
crowd psychology
6
Cui Xian
166
Cui Zundu
65, 66
cultural constructs
4–5, 32–33, 51, 55, 56, 65, 70–71, 98, 99, 171, 173, 175
cunninghamia wood (China-fir; shan)
61, 113–114, 114t, 116
dacao
65
see also caonong
Dalongfengcha (Large Dragon-phoenix Tea)
47, 88, 98
Daoism
24n27, 26–27, 48
Daoshuikeng Canyon
76, 78
diabetes
154
diancha
33, 36
see also tea-tipping process
diao (qin melody)
129, 130
diaozi (qin melody)
64, 65, 71, 129, 130, 131, 166n73, 169–170
dictionaries of rhymes (yunshu)
71–73
dihuang (adhesive rehmannia root tuber)
34–34
Ding Du
72
Ding Wei
47, 88, 98, 147
see also Legends of the Heavenly Aromatic Substances (Tianxiang zhuan)
dove’s feather patterns (zheguban)
102
“dragon kilns” (longyao)
102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108
Driem, George van
27
drying techniques
31, 82, 84, 85
Du Ruhui
19
Daguan Treatise
see Treatise of Tea during the Daguan Reign (Daguan chalun)
Dunning, T.J.
92
Ebrey, Patricia
94–95
economic constructs
4–5, 97, 98, 99–100, 109–110, 173
Egan, Ronald
27, 148
-en rhyme group
169
encore, in qin music
65, 74
ephemeral actions / practices
in general
3–4, 5, 142–143, 171–172
community formation and
9–11, 128, 172–174
hand movements
67
historical research on
175
qin playing and
68
Essential Prescriptions Worth A Thousand Tael of Gold (Qianjin yaofang) (Sun Simiao)
29–30
Essential Records of Tasting Tea (Pincha yaolu) (Huang Ru)
81–82
Essential Records of the Qin Garden (Qinyuan yaolu)
63, 64, 119
euphony
of qin music
4, 21
in tonal patterns
26
words / rhymes and
71, 146, 147, 150, 153, 154, 157, 163, 164, 166, 168, 169, 175
see also imperfect rhymes
ewers
36, 44–45, 46, 100
exam systems
151
Expanded Rhymes (Guangyun) (Chen Pengnian)
72–73, 74, 133
experiments
see tea-tipping process
export, of tea
98–100
“eyes of fish and crabs”
34–35, 39, 148, 150
Fan Chengda
114, 123, 126, 177
Fan Li
153
Fan Zhongyan
65–66, 143–148
Fang Xuanling
19
Feng ru song (qin melody)
21, 25n32, 131
fenru
155
fertilizers
79
Fifty-two Prescriptions (Wushier bingfang)
31, 82
finger techniques
67–70
Finger Techniques of Tian Zizhi
67
Finger Techniques of Yang Zuyun
67
Five Pitches
73, 131
Floyd, George
177
food, medicine and
29–30
formation, use of term
7n26
see also under communities, ephemeral actions / practices, scholar-artist communities
Four Tone Registers
73
Fozu tongji (Zhipan)
64n165
fragrances
of aromatic substances
in general
47
appreciation of
50, 51, 135
ephemerality of
3–4
generation of
2–3
as a construct
4
Listening to the Qin and
133–134
of tea in the mouth
39–40, 41, 42, 47
see also aromatic substances
francolins
159
frankincense (ruxiang)
2, 48, 49, 109, 112
Freer Gallery collection (Washington, D.C.)
60, 62
friendships
164–166, 168–169
fruits
17
Fujian
area
ewers from
45, 46
map of
77
road conditions in
124
tea bowls from
2, 43
tea contests in
36n70, 38
tea cultivation in
76, 78, 79
tea farmers / laborers in
87
tea from
75
tea-tipping practices and
39
Fujian Provincial Museum
43, 45, 46, 104
fumigation, of clothing
54
futanmu (sandalwood)
120
fuzi (common monkshood daughter root)
84
gan (“lingering sweetness after bitterness”)
39, 40
geography
121
Giddens, Anthony
6, 7, 8
gold
118–119
gouqi (barbary wolfberry fruit)
83
government
aromatic substances and
111–112
Expanded Rhymes and
74, 133
expenditure of
94
herbal medicines and
86
offices responsible for rituals, banqueting etc.
155
taxes
see taxation / taxes
tea policies of
in general
88–91
export of tea and
98–100
product differentiation and
96–97
reforms of
90, 91, 94–96
tea gardens and
88
tea revenues and
91t
tea trade centers and
89, 90, 95
vouchers issued by
90
“grain patterns and crabs’ eyes”
34, 38
Grand Canal
106, 121, 122, 123
green tea
2, 33, 86
Guangdong (Canton)
29, 77, 109, 110, 121, 122
Guangxi
49, 77, 109, 114, 121, 122, 149
Guangzhou
2, 101, 112
guchenban (ancient coffin boards)
115–116
Gulik, Robert H. van
62
Hainan Island
47, 110, 150, 151
Hangzhou
76, 110, 112, 150
Hanlin Academy
153, 156
“hare’s fur” patterns (tuhao)
34, 42–43, 43, 102
harmony
71
Harrist, Robert
8, 134
health benefits, of drinking of tea
1, 26, 27–28
heating techniques
84–85
“Heavenly Wind, Sea Waves” (Tianfeng haitao) qin
116
“heaven’s eyes” pattern (yōhen tenmoku)
2, 102
heaviness or substance (zhong)
39, 40, 42
Hebei
102, 140–141, 141
Henan
53, 81–82, 121, 140–141
herbal medicines
different functions of same
83
preservation of
in general
31, 82
compared to tea
83–86
government authorization of
86
as substitutes for tea
27–30, 31
see also medicines
History of the Song Dynasty (Songshi)
57–58, 65, 66, 80, 81, 92, 94–95
Hoh, Erling
27
Hong Chu
48, 51, 52, 53
Hongzhou Shuangjing (tea brand)
80, 88
horses
98–99, 123
hot energy (re)
27, 29, 30
hua (smoothness)
39, 40, 42
Huang Binhong
21n24
Huang Jie
24n27
Huang Ru
81–82
Huang Tingjian
Buddhism and
161
Hong Chu and
48
Ouyang Xiu and
7–8
poetry of
on aromatic substances
10, 158–159, 161–164
on tea
152–153, 155, 157
tonal patterns in
162–163, 162t
Su Shi and
7–8, 152, 156, 163, 172
on Su Shi’s lyrics
169
tea gardens of family of
88
huangjing (Siberian Solomon’s seal rhizome)
85
huangshu (“yellow and mature”)
49, 50, 110
Huangzhou
152–153, 156
hui-markers
61, 70, 118–119
Huizong, Song Emperor
22
books of
see Treatise of Tea during the Daguan Reign
Cai Jing and
12, 14, 17–18, 132–133, 172
Daoism and
23n27
finger lengths of
57
paintings attributed to
see Listening to the Qin, Literati Gathering
poetry of, on Literati Gathering
18, 19–20, 128, 130
qin collection of
116
as scholar-artist
8–9
tea and
construction of tea culture
12, 45, 47, 108–109
favored by
75
reform policies of
91–92, 93–94, 95–97
Hunan area
31, 123, 124
hyperthyroidism
154
I Lo-fen
17, 128
illegal trading
92–93, 95, 112–113
Imagined Communities (Anderson)
176
imperfect rhymes
146, 147, 150, 153, 154, 168
Imperial Pharmacy (Taiping Huimin Hejiju fang) (Chen Shiwen et al.)
28, 30, 52, 111
In Appreciation of the Gifts of the Poem and the Shuangjing Tea from Huang Luzhi, I Replied in the Same Rhyme (Su Shi)
154
incense burners
23, 24, 53, 54, 100, 101, 160
Intoning the Same Rhymes, Resonating with Shao Buyi, After the Rain, Gathering of Brewing Tea, Viewing Paintings, and Listening to the Qin (Yiyun he Shao Buyi yi yu zhi pengcha guanhua tingqin zhi hui) (Mei Yaochen)
13, 25–26
Invigilating the Exams and Submitting [This] to Exam Officers (Jianshi cheng zhu shiguan) (Su Shi)
151
jade
118–119
Jian ware
42–43, 43, 104, 172
Jian’an White Tea
33, 75, 76, 98, 108, 122
Jiangxi area
76, 80, 87, 88, 123, 124, 154
jiangzhenxiang (rosewood)
48, 49, 120
Jianzhan
see Jian ware
jianzipu (music notation)
67–69, 70, 166
Jiaoran (monk)
21
Jiaowei (“Scorched-tail”) qin
115
Jiaoyinfa (method of submitting vouchers)
90
jiezou, use of term
64n165
jiu, use of term
17n10
Jiude song, Quan Jin wen (Liu Ling)
146–147
Joined Calm Palace
13
Kaifeng
81, 115
Khitans
140–141
kilns
ancient
103–104, 105, 106, 107–108, 107, 108
distribution of
102
modern day
106–107, 106
“Kumu longyin” (“Withered Wood, Dragon’s Roar”)
60, 62
lacquer
60–61, 117–118
lamiancha (wax-surfaced tea cakes)
85, 97
landscapes / gardens
in Listening to the Qin
142
in Literati Gathering
20, 142
in Painting of the Villa in the Longmian Mountain
142
see also tea gardens / plantations
Large Dragon-phoenix Tea (Dalongfengcha)
47, 88, 98
Latour, Bruno
6, 8
Le Bon, Gustave
6
Legends of the Heavenly Aromatic Substances (Tianxiang zhuan) (Ding Wei)
in general
47
on appreciation of fragrance
49
aromatic substance burning practices
48–49
on geographic sources
109–110
on identification of aromatic substances
49–50
incorporation in Hong’s Xiangpu
48
Lei family (qin-makers)
59, 119, 120–121
Lei Wei
116
Lei Xiao
31, 50, 52, 83–86
see also Master Lei’s Treatise on Drying and Processing
leikuai
155
Leiqin (qin made by Lei family)
59–60, 133
Li Gang
93
Li Gonglin
9, 134–135, 135–137, 138, 141, 142, 173
Li Mian
115
Li Yue
149, 151
Li Zehou
148
lianzi (lotus seeds)
30
“light clouds” (qingyun)
38
“lingering sweetness after bitterness” (gan)
39, 40
Listening to the Qin (Tingqin tu) (Huizong attrib.)
22–23
aromatic substances on
25, 133–134
authenticity of
21n24
authorship of
21, 24
dating of
21, 24, 25n30
iconography of
24–25
landscapes / gardens in
142
lì container in
24n27, 25, 53
poetic colophon on
20–21, 25, 74, 129–132, 133
qin music / instruments on
22–23, 24–25, 133
sequence of activities in
129
tea preparation, qin and fragrance in
25
tea utensils in
142
literary constructs
see artistic constructs
literati, use of term
8
Literati Gathering (Huizong attrib.)
15–16
attribution
14, 17
dating of
17, 20, 25n30
description of
14, 16–17
landscapes / gardens in
20, 142
poetic colophons on
17–20, 74, 128, 130, 133
political agenda of
128–129
qin music / instruments on
14, 16
sequence of activities in
16–17, 25
tea in
14, 15–16, 16–17, 20, 25
tea utensils in
142
literati gatherings
incense burning in
142–143
on paintings
see Listening to the Qin, Literati Gathering, Painting of the Villa in the Longmian Mountain
political importance of
132
sequence of activities in
13, 16–17, 25, 65, 129, 142
sequence of qin melodies in
64, 65, 131–132
sequence of tea serving in
25–26, 133
tea preparation and drinking in
139–140, 142–143
literature
allusions in
132, 143, 147–148
aromatic substances in
see under poetry
qin music / instruments
in
in lyrics
see lyrics
of Ouyang Xiu
164, 165t
tea in
see under poetry
Liu Chang
165t
Liu Jingmin
110
Liu Ling
145–146
Loehr, Max
8
longdanxiang (ambergris)
48, 54, 111–112
longnaoxiang (camphor)
41, 47, 49, 51, 55n125, 86
longyao (dragon kilns)
102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108
loose tea (sancha)
97
The Lore of the Chinese Lute (Gulik)
62
lotus design
53, 54
lotus seeds (lianzi)
30–31
Lou Ze
119
Lu Deming
19
Lu Fayan
72
Lu Tong
145–147, 149, 150
Lu Yu
on enriching tea with other flavours
40
on health benefits of tea
27–28
promoting tea
32
on tea utensils
42
on water quality
35, 155
on water temperature
34
see also Classic of Tea
Lugong (Duke of Lu)
149
luo (whelks)
159
luojia (operculum of a whelk)
159
Lushiqin (Mr. Lu’s qin)
116
luxury items
13, 26, 88, 109
lyrics to qin melodies
165t
difficulties in
169–170
singing of
169
of Su Shi
165t, 166–168, 169
see also poetry
Ma Heng
21n24
Mair, Victor
17n10, 27
mantouyao (“bun-shaped kilns”)
103
map, of Southern China
77
Marx, Karl
92
Maslow, Abraham
176
Master Lei’s Treatise on Drying and Processing (Leigong paozhi lun) (Lei Xiao)
31, 34, 52, 82, 83–86, 111
matcha
2
Materia Medica
see Classified and Collected Materia Medica
measurement units
57
medical texts
28–29, 31, 47, 49–52, 82–83
medicines
aromatic substances as
49, 50, 51
food and
29–30
see also herbal medicines
meditation
161–162
Mei Yaochen
13, 25–26, 157, 165–166, 165t, 169
melodies
in poems
74, 175
see also qin melodies
Meng Yuanlao
122
Mengding (tea brand)
80
Mi Fu
9
microtones
70
see also tones
“milky fog” (ruwu)
38
millet
57
Miscellaneous Notes from the Guixin [Street] (Guixin zazhi) (Zhou Mi)
122
Missing Zizhan while Brewing Tea in the Officers’ Quarters, Using the Previous Rhyme Set (Huang Tingjian)
154, 155
“mist and cloud” (wuyun)
37
“mist and snow” (ai, xue)
38
Monk Juyue’s Qin Production (Seng Juyue qinzhi)
117–118, 119
Monk Zequan’s Phrasings and Finger Techniques (Zequan Heshang jiezou zhifa)
64, 129
Mount Wuyi area
76, 78, 87, 104, 122, 123, 124
Mountain Villa
see Painting of the Villa in the Longmian Mountain
Mr. Lu’s qin (Lushiqin)
116
music
see qin music
musical notations
63
see also jianzipu, wenzipu
musk (shexiang)
41, 48, 50, 51, 52, 55n125
Nanchang
123, 154
National Palace Museum (Taipei)
14, 15, 16, 24n27
see Taipei Palace Museum
Neiguidong Canyon
76, 78
nomadic people
1–2, 89, 98–99
nong (qin melody)
129, 130, 131
see also caonong
Note on A Banquet in the Extended Blessings Palace (Yanfugong quyan ji) (Cai Jing)
13
Note on the Pavilion of the Drunken Old Man (Zuiwengting ji) (Ouyang Xiu)
164, 165t, 168
Note on Three Qin (Sanqin ji) (Ouyang Xiu)
119
Notes by Dream Creek (Mengxi bitan) (Shen Gua)
116
-o rhyme group
153n46
oil-drop patterns (youdi)
102
On the Outer City (Shuofu) (Tao Zongyi)
12
oolong tea
see wulong / oolong tea
Ouyang Xiu
in general
154
essay of
164–166, 165t, 168
Fan Zhongyan and
66
Huang Tingjian and
7–8
on hui-markers
119
on Leiqin
59
Mei Yaochen and
157, 165–166, 169
qin playing by
10, 65, 169
on reforms
91
Shen Zun and
164–166, 168, 169
Su Shi and
7–8
on water quality
35
ownership, of tea gardens
87–88
Painting and Private Life in Eleventh-century China (Harrist)
134
Painting of A Literati Gathering (Wenhui tu)
see Literati Gathering
Painting of Listening to the Qin (Tingqin tu)
see Listening to the Qin
Painting of the Riverside Scenes in the Qingming Festival (Qingming Shanghe tu) (Zhang Zeduan)
138–139, 138, 139, 142
Painting of the Villa in the Longmian Mountain (Longmian shanzhuang tu) (Li Gonglin)
134–135, 135, 136–137, 138, 141, 142, 173
paintings / murals
aromatic substances
in
in general
142–143
of Li Gonglin
134–135, 138
Listening to the Qin
25, 133–134
of Zhang Zeduan
139
qin music / instruments
in
Listening to the Qin
22–23, 24–25, 133
Literati Gathering
14, 16
tea
in
in general
142–143
of Li Gonglin
134–135, 135, 136–137, 138
Literati Gathering
14, 15–16, 16–17, 20, 25
tomb of Zhang Kuangzheng
140–141, 141, 142
of Zhang Zeduan
138–139, 138, 139, 142
Palace Museum (Beijing)
see Beijing Palace Museum
paozhi (processing techniques)
see preservation / processing
Pengzhou rebellion (Sichuan, 1077)
87, 93
Pi Rixiu
21
Pian, Rulan Chao
66–67, 68
piancha (tea cakes)
97
pin (qin melody)
64
pine (song)
25, 40
pine wind (songfeng)
20–21, 25, 131, 148, 150–151
pitches
56–57, 63, 70, 73, 131
poetic colophons
on Listening to the Qin
20–21, 25, 74, 129–132, 133
on Literati Gathering
17–20, 74, 128, 130, 133
poetry
aromatic substances
in
in general
158
by Huang Tingjian
158–159, 161–164
by Su Shi
160
chanting of
19–20
in colophons
see poetic colophons
in lyrics
see lyrics
qin music / instruments
in
by Cai Jing
20–21
of Mei Yaochen
13, 25–26
reclusive ideal in
148, 151, 156
“reverse rescue” pattern in
130
rhymes in
see rhymes
on
tea
in general
176
by Fan Zhongyan
143–148
by Huang Tingjian
152–153, 155, 157
by Lu Tong
147, 149, 150
of Mei Yaochen
13, 25–26
by Su Che
40–41
by Su Shi
148–149, 150–151, 153–154
tonal patterns in
74, 130–131
see also under specific poems and poets
political construct
12, 45, 47, 71, 72, 132–133
popularity
of burning of aromatic substances
2, 14, 171
of tea contests
13n4, 143
of tea drinking
2, 14, 26–27, 99, 100, 171
see also appreciation
porters
food and accommodation
125
losses and
125
sensory experiences of
125–127
working conditions of
123–125
Portraits of the Eighteen Scholars (Shiba xueshi xiezhen tu) (Yan Liben)
19, 128
Prescriptions from the Imperial Pharmacy (Taiping Huimin Hejiju fang)
see Imperial Pharmacy
Presenting in Jest Two Poems with A Gift of the Canopy-scent from the South of the River (Huang Tingjian)
158–159, 162–164
Presenting the Shuangjing Tea to Zizhan (Huang Tingjian)
152–153, 157
preservation / processing
in general
34, 50
of aromatic substances
52, 111
of herbal medicines
31, 82
of
tea
in general
81–82
to add value
97
compared to herbal medicines
83–86
modern methods
86
processing (paozhi) techniques
see preservation / processing
pronunciation
73
prosody
in general
175
rhyme in
see rhymes
tonal patterns in
see tonal patterns
provisioning, armed forces
89–90
punishments, for illegal trading
92–93, 112–113
Qi Xia
80, 91t, 111, 112
Qian Chu, King Zhongyi of Wuyue
115
qianxiang (aromatic timber)
49, 109–110
qin communities
65–66
Qin Cutting Methods of Biluozi (Biluozi zhuoqinfa) (Shi Ruli)
119–120
Qin History (Qinshi) (Zhu Changwen)
58, 65–66, 129
qin instruments
in general
3
absolute pitches and
56–57
assembly of
119–121
finger techniques
67–70
legends about
115
in literature
see under literature
materials used for
in general
5, 21
lacquer
60–61, 117–118
metal and stone
118–119
procurement of wood
114–116
silks
118
taxes on
115
transportation of
121–122
types of wood
113–114, 114t
melodies of
see qin melodies
music of
see qin music
on paintings
see under painting / murals
players of
see qin players
in poetry
see under poetry
from Song period
60–61, 62, 119
sound volume of
59, 61, 133
stringless
21, 132
from Tang period
59–60, 116, 119, 133
unearthed from tombs
116–117
see also under specific instruments
qin melodies
in general
21, 63
in Cai Jing’s poetry
129–132
categories of
64, 129, 166n73
lyrics to
see lyrics to qin melodies
sequence of
64, 65, 131–132
see also under specific songs and melodies
qin music
in general
56
appreciation of
59, 66, 70–71
audial distinctiveness
70–71
community construction and
65–66
as a construct
4, 70–71
encore in
65, 74
ephemerality of
3–4
Five Pitches in
73
gathering protocols
11, 65
interrelatedness and
see tea, aromatic substances, and qin music
melodies
see qin melodies
on paintings
see under paintings / murals
in poetry
see under poetry
political implications of
56, 58
reconstruction of
63
before serving of tea
25–26
tablatures
66–67
tonality of
62–63
visual spectacle of
59
see also qin instruments
qin music, appreciation of
59, 66, 70–71
“qin of hundreds of pieces” (Bainaqin)
115
qin players
finger techniques of
notation of
67–69
tone generation and
69–70
gestures of
68n187
outstanding
65–66
virtues of
58–59
see also under specific players
qin tablatures
63, 66–67
Qingming scroll
see Painting of the Riverside Scenes in the Qingming Festival
qingyun (“light clouds”)
38
Qiu Caizhen
132n16
Quanzhou
110
re (hot energy)
27, 29, 30
rebellions
87, 93, 155
reclusiveness
148, 151, 156
Records of Clouds and Mist Passing the Eyes (Yunyan guoyan lu) (Zhou Mi)
116
Records of Tea (Chalu) (Cai Xiang)
28, 35, 36n70, 47
Records of Tea (Mingchuan lu) (Tao Gu)
40
redroot gromwell (zicao)
85
reforms
of exam system
151
of tea trade
90, 91, 93–94, 95, 108
of Wang Anshi
151
Register of Mounting A Simurgh (Canluan lu) (Fan Chengda)
114, 123
Reminiscences of the Eastern Capital (Dongjing menghua lu) (Meng Yuanlao)
122–123
Renzong, Song Emperor
64, 88
Resonating with the Governor’s Associate, Zhang Min’s Song of Tea Contests (Fan Zhongyan)
143–148
revenue
91t, 112
“reverse rescue” pattern
130
Rhapsody of the Great Man (Daren fu) (Sima Xiangru)
154
rhymes
abbab rhyming pattern
157–158
-aeng rhyme group
151
dictionaries of
71–73
-en rhyme group
169
Four Tone Registers
73
government-authorized systems
74, 133
imperfect
146, 147, 150, 153n46, 154, 168
-o rhyme group
153n46
in poetic colophons
on Listening to the Qin
20, 74
on Literati Gathering
18–19, 74
as political constructs
72, 132–133
tonal patterns and
71–73
-u rhyme group
153n46
-uwng rhyme group
18–19, 20, 74, 132–133
Rhymes of the Tang (Tangyun) (Sun Mian)
72
Rizhu (tea brand)
80
road conditions
123–124
rosewood (jiangzhenxiang)
48, 49, 120
Ruan Ji
155, 156
ruwu (“milky fog”)
38
ruxiang (frankincense)
2, 48, 49, 109, 112
Ryūkōin Temple (Japan)
44
sancha (loose tea)
97
sandalwood (futanmu)
120
sandalwood (tanxiang)
2, 48, 49, 52
scented candles
54
scholar-artist communities
in general
7
ephemerality of actions and
9–11, 128, 172–174
exchange of tea and poems in
152
fluidity of
7, 172
formation
6–9, 172–174
outsider creation and
173
requirements and expectations
10, 173
role of creativity in
10–11, 173–174
shared values of
5
uniqueness of
5
scholar-artists
in general
8
appreciation of
see appreciation
imitation of literary styles among
157–158
individual vs. collaborative creativity
10–11, 173–175
shared sensory experiences
4–5, 9, 11, 172–173
use of term
8
“Scorched-tail” (Jiaowei) qin
115
sedan chair carriers
123
sensory experiences
of porters
125–127
of scholar-artists
4–5, 9, 11, 172–173
while playing qin
71
servants
141, 141, 142
Shaanxi
53, 102, 103
Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology
103
shan (China-fir; cunninghamia wood)
61, 113–114, 114t, 116
Shangshan Zhangren
147
Shang-Zhou period
49
Shaoxing
80
shashen (coastal glehnia root)
30, 31–32, 99
Shen Gua
116
Shen Zun
164–166, 168–169, 172
shexiang (musk)
41, 48, 50, 51, 52, 55n125
Shi Ruli
119–120
shipwrecks
48
Shiyuhu (Stone Fish Lake)
155
Shōsō-in collection (Japan)
48, 49, 60
Shu Qi
147
Shuangjing tea
80, 88, 154, 156
shuijiao (“water’s feet”)
36–37, 38, 45
shuiya
159
Siberian Solomon’s seal rhizome (huangjing)
85
Sichuan area
60, 80, 87, 93, 99–100, 126
silks
118
silver
99, 118–119
Sima Guang
91, 156
Sima Xiangru
154
“Six-ones Householder (Liuyi Jushi)”
see Ouyang Xiu
Small Dragon Tea Cakes
88, 98
Smith, Paul
98
smoothness (hua)
39, 40, 42
Solitary Orchid in the Mode of Towering Rock (Jieshidiao Youlan)
63, 67
song (pine)
25
Song Huizong
see Huizong, Song Emperor
Song of Tea Contests (Zhang Min)
143
Song of Wind Entering the Pine Forest (Feng ru song ge) (Jiaoran)
21
Song on the Stone Fish Lake (Shiyuhu shang zuige) (Yuan Jie)
155
Song period
aromatic substances in
48
qin instruments from
60–61, 62, 119
qin legends in
115
qin melodies in
63
qin tablatures in
66
tea contests in
147
tea in
33
texts on qin from
21
transportation in
122
songfeng
see pine wind
Sonq Dynasty Musical Sources and Their Interpretation (Pian)
66–67, 68
Spelling Rhymes (Qieyun) (Lu Fayan)
71–72
spouts of ewers
36, 44–45, 100
“Spring Thunder” (Chunlei) qin
116, 133
status
of aromatic substances
51, 55, 163–164
community formation and
6
of Lei family
59
of tea
2, 45, 47, 108, 163–164
Su Che
40–41, 91, 141
Su Shi
aromatic substances and
161
Buddhism and
161
at Hanlin Academy
153, 156
Huang Tingjian and
7–8, 152, 156, 163, 172
on Leiqin
59–60
Loehr on
8
lyrics of
165t, 166–168, 169
Ouyang Xiu and
7–8
poetry of
in general
21
on aromatic substances
10, 160, 162–164
on tea, tea brewing and tea drinking
148–149, 150–151, 154
tonal patterns in
162–163, 162t
on tea and fragrance
13–14
Sui-Tang period
71–72
Sun Jianxing
106
Sun Mian
72
Sun Simiao
29–30
Supplementary Notes of Famous Medicine Practitioners (Mingyi bielu)
49
Taipei Palace Museum
14, 15–16, 24n27
Taizong, Song emperor
88, 112
Taizong, Tang Emperor
18, 19, 128–129
tambac (chenxiang)
48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 109, 110
Tang period
qin instruments from
59–60, 116, 119, 133
tea cultures during
3, 27, 150
Tang Shenwei
30, 41
Tang Shiwen
116
Tang Taizong
see Taizong, Tang Emperor
Tang Yi
65, 66
Tang-Song period
27, 75, 86, 153n46
tanxiang (sandalwood)
2, 48, 49, 52
Tao Gu
40
Tao Hongjing
49
Tao Qian
21, 132
Tao Tang
18–19
Tao Zongyi
12
taxation / taxes
on aromatic substances
112
on tea
89–90, 93–94
on wood
115
tea (cha)
in general
1
additions to
41, 47, 86
appreciation of
27, 32–33, 36, 42, 151–152, 156–157, 171
brands
see tea brands
classic texts on
1
cultures surrounding
see tea cultures
with dim sum
2
drinking of
see tea drinking
fragrance of
41–42
growing of
see tea cultivation
interrelatedness and
see tea, aromatic substances, and qin music
making of
see tea preparations
in paintings
see under paintings / murals
in poetry
see under poetry
popularity of
see under popularity
preservation / processing of
see under preservation / processing
reclusive ideal and
148, 151, 156
serving of
2, 25–26, 133
status of
2, 45, 47, 108, 163–164
substitutes for
27–30, 31
taxes on
89–90, 93–94
terminology
36
trade in
see tea trade
transportation of
122
as tribute to royal court
88
types of
2, 97, 97t
see also under specific types of tea
as value added commodity
97–98
tea, aromatic substances, and qin music
interrelatedness of
in general
3–5, 12–14, 142–143, 171–172
in paintings
see paintings / murals
in poetry
see poetry
tea bowls
color of
34
dark blue glazed
42–43, 172
“hare’s fur” patterns
34, 42–43, 43, 102
“heaven’s eyes” patterns
2, 102
as Japanese national treasures
2n7
Jian ware
42–43, 43, 104, 172
in Literati Gathering
16
with support
103
types of
100, 102
yōhen-tenmoku
44, 44, 102
tea brands
80, 98
see also under specific brands
tea cakes
82, 85, 88, 97, 97t
tea ceremonies
2, 32
tea color
36, 38–39
tea contests
4, 36n70, 38, 143–148
tea crushers
33–34, 209, 209
tea cultivation
in general
172
in Fujian area
modern day
76, 78, 79
in Northern Song period
80
manpower needed for
86–87
in other areas
80
picking of buds
81
selection of leaves
81
yields
80, 88
yīn / yang in
75
tea cultures
in general
1, 3
idealization of
26, 96
influences on
12, 27n36, 45
politics and
45, 47
spread of
27
during Tang period
3, 27, 150
tea drinking
effects of
147
health benefits of
1, 26, 27–28
in literati gatherings
139–140
on paintings
see under paintings
poetry on
see under poetry
popularity of
see under popularity
on tomb murals
141
tea farmers
87, 92–93
tea foam
contests for best
4, 36n70, 38, 143–144
whisking process and
36–39, 37, 214–218
tea gardens / plantations
in general
76, 78, 79
manpower needed in
86–87
ownership of
87–88
tea laborers
87
tea policies
see under government
tea preparations
in general
32–33
as ceremony
32
classic texts on
12–13
as a construct
4, 32–33
difference in
40–41
ephemerality of
3–4
experiments
40
foam
see tea foam
materials used for
see tea, tea utensils
in paintings
see under paintings
in poetry
see under poetry
procedure in Daguan Treatise
33–39, 43
taste, texture, and fragrance in
39–42
tea color in
36, 38–39
tipping process
36–39, 44–45, 143, 175, 212–216
on tomb murals
140–141, 141
tools for
see tea utensils
water quality in
34, 35–36
water temperature in
34–35, 39, 155, 211
whisking of tea
36–39, 40, 214–218
tea serving
2, 25–26, 133
tea trade
export of
98–100
illegal practices in
92–93, 95
on paintings
138–139, 139
revenue of
91t
state policies
see under government
state run centers
89, 90, 95
tea-horse trade
98–100
tea utensils
in general
42
ewers
36, 44–45, 46, 100
materials used for
5, 34
in paintings
142
production of
100, 102
see also kilns
tea bowls
see tea bowls
tea crushers
33–34, 209, 209
in tomb murals
141, 141
Tea-Horse Agency
99–100
tea-horse trade
98–100
tea-tipping (diancha) process
36–39, 44–45, 143, 175, 212–216
terminology, for tea
36
thirst, quenching of
26, 27, 29–30
Tianfeng haitao (“Heavenly Wind, Sea Waves”) qin
116
Tibet / Tibetans
99–100
tipping (diancha) process
see tea-tipping (diancha) process
Tōkyō National Museum
63
tomb murals
140–141, 141
tonal patterns
in general
25–26, 175
in Cai Jing’s poetry
20, 74, 130–131
in Huizong’s poetry
18n14, 74
in poetry exchange of Su and Huang
162–163, 162t
as political constructs
72
rhymes and
71–73
see also tones
tones
18, 21, 70, 130, 156, 162–163
see also Four Tone Registers, microtones, tonal patterns
Tong Guan
17
trade routes, for aromatic substances
110
transportation
of aromatic substances
110, 122
carts used in
122–123
of ceramics
122
geography and
121
manpower used in
123–127
see also porters
of persons
123–124, 125
of qin materials
121–122
of tea
122
by water
125
Treatise of Tea during the Daguan Reign (Daguan chalun) (Huizong et al.)
in general
12–13
on appreciation of tea
42
on ewers
44–45
on fragrance of tea
41–42
on harvesting of tea
81
as marketing tool
96, 108
on medical qualities of tea
28
other tea-making styles and
41
politics and
45, 47
on processing of tea
82, 83–86
on spoilage
125
on tea bowls
172
on tea preparation procedure
33–39, 43
on two kinds of xiang
42
Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease (Shanghan lun) (Zhang Zhongjing)
28
tuckahoe
29
tuhao (“hare’s fur” patterns)
34, 42–43, 43, 102
Tuo Tuo
94
turban snails / whelks
158–159
Twelve Qin Melodies (Gucao shierzhang) (anon.)
21
Two Poems in Reply to Zizhan’s Replies (Huang Tingjian)
161–164
Two Poems Resonating with Huang Luzhi on Burning Incense (Su Shi)
10, 160, 162–164
-u rhyme group
153n46
-uwng rhyme group
18–19, 20, 74, 132–133
Veritable Records of Shenzong’s Reign (Shenzong shilu)
156
virtues, of qin players
58
vouchers
90
Wang Anshi
91, 151, 156
Wang Cheng-hua
24–25, 128
Wang Huifang
49
Wang Shen
9
Wang Shixiang
60
Wang Shuhe
29
Wang Tao
28, 30
Wanqintang
116n121
water in tea preparation
quality of
34, 35–36
temperature of
34–35, 39, 155, 211
“water’s feet” (shuijiao)
36–37, 38, 45
wax-surfaced tea cakes (lamiancha)
85, 97
Wei Hanjin
57
Wen Tong
9
Wen Yanbo
149, 151
wenzipu (music notation)
63, 67–69, 70
Western Han period
31, 82
whelks / turban snails
158–159
whisking of tea
36–39, 40, 214–218
white tea
33n59
White Tea (Baicha)
33
wild tea plants
79, 80
Wind Entering the Pine Forest (Feng ru song)
21
see also Feng ru song
“Withered Wood, Dragon’s Roar” (“Kumu longyin”) qin
60–62
wood / timber for qin
in literature
21
procurement of ancient
115–116
procurement of new
114–115
taxes on
115
types of
113–114, 114t
workshops, for qin-making
120–121
Writing to Thank Remonstrator Meng for Sending the New Tea (Zoubi xie Meng jianyi ji xincha) (Lu Tong)
147, 149, 150
Wuhu (Five Lakes)
153
wulong / oolong tea
2
wutong (Chinese parasol wood)
21, 113–114, 115, 120
wuxian
21
Wuyi, Mount
see Mount Wuyi area
wuyun (“mist and cloud”)
37
xiang (fragrance in the mouth)
39–40, 41, 42
xiang, use of term
2n8
see also aromatic substances
Xiangpu (Hong Chu)
47–48, 51, 52, 53
xiangpu genre
47–48, 50, 52, 55, 109–110, 111, 158
xiaocaonong
65
Xie Zhiliu
24
Xin Qiji
170
Xiong Fan
12n4
Xu Bangda
21
Xuanhe Beiyuan gongcha lu (Xiong Fan)
12n4
Xuanhe Period Catalogue of Antiquities (Xuanhe bogu tulu)
118
Xuanhua area
140
see also tomb murals
xunlu (aromatic substance)
109
Yan Liben
19, 128
Yan Xiaoxing
115
Yaneva, Albena
6–7
Yang Yuanzheng
60, 61
Yangzi River
80, 106, 121, 123
Yanzhou
114–115
Ye Qingchen
35
Ye Tinggui
48
“yellow and mature” (huangshu)
49, 50, 110
Yellow Emperor
146
Yelü Chucai
116
yīn / yang
75
yín (qin melody with chanting)
21, 129, 130–131
yĭn (qin melody)
21, 63n164, 131, 166–168
yōhen tenmoku (“heaven’s eyes” pattern)
2, 102
yōhen-tenmoku bowls
44, 44, 102
You Xiuling
13n4
You Yu
18–19
youdi (oil-drop patterns)
102
Yu Yunshui
114t
Yuan Jie
154, 155–156
Yulinting kiln cluster
104, 105, 106, 107–108, 107, 108
yumcha (tea with dim sum)
2
yunshu (dictionaries of rhymes)
71–73
Yunyu
153
Yutang
153
Zaoxia tong
21
Zeng Zao
111
Zequan (monk)
on finger techniques
68–69
on Five Pitches
73, 131
on qin melody categories
64, 166n73
qin textbook of
see Zequan’s Techniques
mention of
71, 132
Zequan’s Techniques
64–65, 67, 74, 129, 130, 132, 169
Zhang, Cong Ellen
122
Zhang Kuangzheng
140
Zhang Min
143
Zhang Wenzao
140
Zhang Youxin
35
Zhang Yue
116, 119
Zhang Zeduan
138–139, 138, 139, 142
Zhang Zhongjing
28–29
Zhangzong, Jin Emperor
116
Zhao Renjie
114t
Zhao Ruli
82
Zhao Xihu
116–117
Zhao Yeli
67
zheguban (dove’s feather patterns)
102, 159
Zhejiang area
76, 80, 87, 106, 114, 115, 123
Zheng Minzhong
59n141, 60, 61, 132n16
Zheng Peikai
12n4
Zhipan
64n165
zhong (heaviness or substance)
39, 40, 42
Zhongling water
146
Zhou Mi
116, 122, 133
Zhu Changwen
58–59, 64, 65, 129, 166n73
Zhu Jiajin
21n24, 24
Zhu Quan
146
Zhu Tan, Ming Prince
116
Zhu Zaiyu, Ming Prince
56
Zhu Zizhen
12n4, 27
Zhuang Zhuo
12
zi (Chinese catalpa wood)
113–114, 114t, 120
zicao (redroot gromwell)
85
zithers
see qin instruments