Selenoproteins in ruminants: glutathione peroxidases

Peter F. Surai; Anton Surai

Chapter 2 Selenoproteins in ruminants: glutathione peroxidases

In: Selenium in ruminant nutrition and health

Authors:

Peter F. Surai

Peter F. Surai Vitagene and Health Research Centre Bristol UK
Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University Stara Zagora Bulgaria
Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University Hungary
Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
Sumy National Agrarian University Sumy Ukraine
Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies Odessa Ukraine

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Anton Surai

Anton Surai Healthy Food Services Bristol UK

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 88–171

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/9789004698697_003

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Abstract

Among 25 known selenoproteins in ruminants GPXs are most studied and used as molecular markers of Se status. Furthermore, GPXs have received tremendous attention for the last 50 years. It is important to note that old biological textbooks, written 30 and more years ago, included only one GPX, but the GPX family includes at least 8 members and 5 of them are Se-dependent forms of the enzyme in ruminants. They differ in molecular weight, substrate specificity, cell distribution and perform a variety of functions. Indeed, there are 5 different glutathione peroxidases in bovine species, namely GPX1, GPX2, GPX3, GPX4 and GPX6. The various GPXs are characterised by different tissue-specificity and are expressed from different genes. Initially it was thought that the major function of these peroxidases is to remove and detoxify hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides. However, it seems likely that emerging roles of GPXs in maintenance of cellular redox state have much bigger impact on cell metabolisms and stress resistance than it was expected, affecting such physiological events as differentiation, signal transduction and regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, etc. Peroxynitrite scavenging and participation of GPX enzymes in regulating biosynthesis of various eicosanoids (leukotrienes, thromboxanes and prostaglandins) can affect cell signaling and transcription factor activation responsible for the modulation of many important cellular pathways. Indeed, many different environmental factors and messengers modulate GPX in a complex manner, providing physiological regulation of antioxidant defences in the cell in stress conditions.

It is necessary to underline that, different forms of GPXs perform their protective functions in concert with each other and with other selenoproteins providing antioxidant protection at different sites of the body. On the one hand, gastrointestinal GPX2 could be considered to be a barrier against hydroperoxide resorption. It is generally accepted that during feed production and storage some polyunsaturated lipids are oxidised and they can cause health-related problems, including compromised growth, productive and reproductive traits of animals and suppressed immunocompetence. Furthermore, in the gastrointestinal tract GPX2 interacts with other selenoproteins including plasma GPX1, selenoprotein P and thioredoxin reductase. On the other hand, GPX4 is an important antioxidant inside biological membranes where lipid peroxidation occurs and lipid hydroperoxides are produced. It seems likely that interactions between vitamin E and GPX4 are important elements in the antioxidant defences of biological membranes. It seems likely that in different cellular and extracellular conditions a combination of various selenoproteins can be effective in detoxifying H₂O₂ and lipid hydroperoxides maintaining optimal redox balance in cells/tissues. Clearly, the GPX family is an important part of antioxidant defences in animal bodies and specific roles of the enzymes in regulation of other important functions warrant further investigation.

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Selenium in ruminant nutrition and health

E-Book ISBN:: 9789004698697

Publisher:: Wageningen Academic

Print Publication Date:: 07 May 2024

Subjects
- Life Sciences
  - Animal & Veterinary

Front Matter

Part 1 Molecular mechanisms of Se action

Part 2 Selenium deficiency and metabolism

Part 3 Selenium in ruminant nutrition

Part 4 Practical applications of Se

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Chapter 2 Selenoproteins in ruminants: glutathione peroxidases

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Selenium in ruminant nutrition and health

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