1.1 Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Massacre of the Innocents, ca. 1565â1567. Oil on panel, 109.2 Ã 105.1 cm. Royal Collection Trust, Windsor RCIN 405787 8
1.2 Groenendael Passion, fol. 23v: Articles 41 and 42 of the Hondert articulen der passion Iesu Christi and fol. 24r: Israhel van Meckenem, Flagellation of Christ. Album: late fifteenth century; each folio ca. 260 Ã 204 mm. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003.476 15
1.3 Israhel van Meckenem, Flagellation of Christ in the Presence of Pilate, with Christ Brought before Herod, from GroÃe Passion, ca. 1480. Engraving, highlighted in gold, with touches of pen and red ink (on Christâs feet), ca. 205 Ã 151 mm. Metropolitan Museum of Art 16
1.4 Jan David, S.J., Pancarpium Marianum, Septemplici Titulorum serie distinctum; ut in B. Virginis odorem curramus, et Christus formetur in nobis. (Antwerp, Balthasar and Jan Moretus: 1607; repr. ed., 1618). Engraving by Theodoor Galle, 150 Ã 90 mm. Courtesy of The Newberry Library, Chicago: Case W. 1025.22 18
1.5 Jan David, S.J., âTituli quinquaginta partitio, prout in praesenti Tractatu sunt digestiâ, in Pancarpium Marianum (Antwerp, Balthasar and Jan Moretus: 1607; repr. ed., 1618), fol. + 8v. Courtesy of The Newberry Library, Chicago: Case W. 1025.22 20
1.6 Theodoor Galle, Emblem 5: âMater pulchrae dilectionisâ, in Jan David, S.J., Pancarpium Marianum (Antwerp, Balthasar and Jan Moretus: 1607; repr. ed., 1618). Engraving, 156 Ã 90 mm. Courtesy of The Newberry Library, Chicago: Case W. 1025.22 21
1.7 Theodoor Galle, Emblem 42: âLapis adiutoriiâ, in Jan David, S.J., Pancarpium Marianum (Antwerp, Balthasar and Jan Moretus: 1607, repr. ed., 1618). Engraving, 158 Ã 91 mm. Courtesy of The Newberry Library, Chicago: Case W. 1025.22 22
1.8 Peter Paul Rubens and Workshop, Return of Briseis, ca. 1630â1635. Oil on panel, 107.5 Ã 163 cm. Museo del Prado, Madrid P002566 23
1.9 Peter Paul Rubens, The Negotiations at Angouleme, 1622â1625. Oil on canvas, 394 à 295 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris. (Photo: Art Resource) 24
1.10 Veturia, Mother of Coriolanus (also known as Thusnelda). Marble, over life size. Loggia dei Lanzi, Florence. (Photo: Art Resource) 25
1.11 Diego Velázquez, Josephâs Blooded Coat Presented to Jacob, 1630. Oil on canvas, 213.5 à 284 cm. Nuevos Museos, El Escorial. (Photo: Art Resource) 26
2.1 Willem van Nieulandt II, The Death of Nero (1618). Title page of Claudius Domitius Nero (Antwerp, Guilliam van Tongheren: 1618). The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, KW 851 D 31 51
2.2 Jean Meyssens, Willem Nieulandt II (1662). Engraving, 162 Ã 113 mm. Cornelis de Bie, Het gulden cabinet vande edele vry schilder-const, 3 vols. (Antwerp, Joannes Meyssens and Juliaen van Montfort, 1662), vol. 1, 63. Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum, RP-P-OB-23.603 52
2.3 Johann Theodor de Bry after Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert after Maarten van Heemskerck, Democritus and Heraclites (1596). Engraving, 100 à 100 mm. Emblemata Saecularia [â¦] (Frankfurt am Main, J.T. de Bry & J.I. de Bry: 1596). Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum, RP-P-BI-5187 57
2.4 Peter Paul Rubens, The Four Philosophers (1611â1612). Oil on panel, 167 à 143 cm. Florence, Galleria Palatina. Image © SCALA, Florence; Ministero Beni e Att. Culturali 84
2.5 Peter Paul Rubens, The Death of Seneca (1612â1613). Oil on panel, 185 à 154,7 cm. Münich, Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen â Alte Pinakothek 87
2.6 Frans Francken the Younger, The Painterâs Cabinet (c.1627). Oil on panel, 54 Ã 69 cm. Private collection, Las Arenas, Getxo, Spain 88
2.7 Frans Francken the Younger, The Painter and the Poet (1618). Pen with brown and blue ink, brown wash on paper, 29.1 à 19.8 cm. Paris, Musée du Louvre, inv. no. 19981. Image © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, New York 89
2.8 Jan Saenredam after Hendrick Goltzius, Mercury (1596). Engraving, 257 Ã 180 mm. Amsterdam, Rijksmusueum, RP-P-OB-10.599 91
3.1 Peter Paul Rubens (workshop of), Alboin and Rosamund, painted ca. 1615. Oil on canvas, 202 Ã 132 cm. Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum. Public Domain 118
3.2 Philips Galle after Maarten van Heemskerck, Amnon rapes Tamar from the series Geschiedenis van Tamar en Amnon, 1559. Engraving, 24,5 Ã 20,3 cm. Public Domain 126
3.3 Eustache Le Sueur, The Rape of Tamar, painted ca. 1640. Oil on canvas, 189.2 Ã 161.3 cm. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Public Domain 127
3.4aâb Duym, Het moordadich stuck, fols. G iii v. and <D iiii> r 141
6.1 Christoph Schwarz, Marienaltar, 1580â1581. Triptych with St. Catherine of Alexandria, the Virgin and Child in a Glory of Clouds, and St. Jerome, painted for the Jesuit College of Munich. Oil on wood, 183.1 à 64.4 cm â 197.6 à 152.8 cm â 181.8 à 64.2 cm. Nuremberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum. Image © Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg. Loan from Bayerischen Staatsgemäldesammlungen München 224
6.2 Christoph Schwarz, St. Catherine of Alexandria, 1580â1581. Part of Schwarzâs Marienaltar, painted for the Jesuit College of Munich. Left panel. Oil on wood, 183,1 à 64,4 cm. Image © Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg. Loan from Bayerischen Staatsgemäldesammlungen München 225
6.3 Christoph Schwarz, The Virgin and Child in the Glory of the Clouds, 1580â1581. Part of Schwarzâs Marienaltar, painted for the Jesuit College of Munich. Center panel. Oil on wood, 197,6 à 152,8 cm. Image © Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg. Loan from Bayerischen Staatsgemäldesammlungen München 226
7.1 Sonnets 22 and 23 of LâOlive (Paris: Arnoul lâAngelier, 1549) 257
7.2 Incipit to LâOlive (Paris: Arnoul lâAngelier, 1550) 259
7.3 Title page, Recueil de poesie (Paris: Cavellat, 1558) 260
7.4 LâOlive, 1549, sonnet 23 and catchword (n.p.) 262
7.5 âDialogue dâun amoureux et dâEcho,â Recueil de poesie (1549), n.p. 265
7.6 Divers Ieux rustiques, 1558, title page 276
10.1 Gagliardi Achille, Breve compendio intorno alla perfettione Christiana, dove si vede una prattica mirabile per unire lâanima con Dio (Naples, per Gio. Giacomo Carlino: 1614), frontispiece. © Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich, Asc. 1988, urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10262716-1 329
10.2 Pellegrini Lelio, De affectionibus animi noscendis et emendandis commentarius (Rome, apud Vincentium Pelagallum: 1598), frontispiece. © The British Library Board, 0 Coll DRT Dig Store 716.a.2. By permission of the British Library 335
11.1 Upper Rhine, Christ in Misery, c.1480. Limewood with traces of polychromy, 81.6 cm in height. Cologne, Kolumba. Image: © Lothar Schnepf; Kolumba, Cologne 371
11.2 North German, Passion Scenes, inner face of the left wing of a Passion Altarpiece known as the Goldene Tafel, c.1410â18. Mixed technique on oak panel, 231 Ã 184 cm (wing dimensions). Hannover, Landesmuseum. Image: Landesmuseum Hannover â ARTOTHEK 372
11.3 Hans Holbein the Elder, Christ in Repose before the Crucifixion, panel from the Gray Passion, c.1495â1500. Oil on panel, 88.5 à 88 cm. Stuttgart, Staatsgalerie. Image © Staatsgalerie Stuttgart 374
11.4 Hans Holbein the Elder, Mary and Christ at Rest on Golgotha, c.1503â04. Oil on limewood panel, 41.5 Ã 32.8 cm. Hannover, Landesmuseum. Image: Landesmuseum Hannover â ARTOTHEK 375
11.5 Housebook Master, Crowd beneath the Cross, detail from Calvary scene, central panel of a Passion Altarpiece, 1480â85. Tempera and oil on pine panels, 131 à 173 cm (central panel). Freiburg im Breisgau, Augustinermuseum. Photo © Augustinermuseum, Michael Jensch, CC BY 4.0 377
11.6 Workshop of Cornelis Engebrechtsz, Christ in Repose with Nun and Saint Augustine, c.1500. Oil on panel, 52 Ã 41 cm. Antwerp, KMSKA. Photo: Collection KMSKA â Flemish Community, Public Domain Mark 1.0 378
11.7 Late Byzantine (Constantinople), Micromosaic Icon of the King of Glory, early 14th century. Colored stones, 13 Ã 19 cm. Rome, Basilica di Santa Croce in Gerusalemme. Photo: Soprintendenza Speciale per il Patrimonio Storico, Artistico ed Etnoantropologico, Rome 382
11.8 Israhel van Meckenem, Man of Sorrows Standing in the Tomb, later 15th century. Engraving, 10 Ã 7.6 cm. Vienna, Albertina. Photo: Albertina, Public Domain Mark 1.0 383
11.9 Wolf Traut, Man of Sorrows and Mother of Sorrows, indulgenced broadsheet published by Hieronymus Höltzel in Nuremberg, 1512, with typographical text. Woodcut highlighted with red ink, 42.5 à 26 cm. Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art, Rosenwald Collection. Photo © National Gallery of Art 384
11.10 Jacob Binck, Man of Sorrows â Ecce Homo, 1520â30. Hand-colored engraving on a manuscript leaf, 133 à 96 mm, from a disassembled Flemish prayerbook. London, British Museum. Photo © Trustees of the British Museum 385
11.11 South German, Man of Sorrows between Mary and Saint John, c.1500. Elephant ivory with paint and gilding, 8.6 Ã 6.5 Ã 1.0 cm. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Photo courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, www.metmuseum.org 386
11.12 Claus Sluter, Jeremiah, from the Well of Moses, c.1400â06. Dijon, Chartreuse de Champmol. Artwork in the public domain; photograph by the author 388
11.13 Jan van Eyck and workshop assistant, Christ as Judge, detail from Last Judgment, ca. 1430. Oil on canvas, transferred from wood, 56.5 Ã 19.7 cm (one panel of a diptych). New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Photo courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, www.metmuseum.org 397
11.14 Middle Rhenish, Mass of Saint Gregory, second half of 15th century, with 16th-century indulgence text. Oil on panel, 141.5 à 71.5 cm. St. Petersburg, The State Hermitage Museum. Photo © The State Hermitage Museum 398
11.15 Jan Mostaert, Calvary, c.1530. Oil on panel, 114.6 Ã 74.6 cm. Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art. Photo: The John G. Johnson Collection, Philadelphia Museum of Art (cat. 411), public domain 405
12.1 Abraham Bloemaert, Title-Page: Sacra eremus ascetarum (Antwerp, Hendrik Aertssens: 1619), quarto. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 413
12.2 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Frontispiece: Ad sacrum speculum, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 414
12.3 Boëtius à Bolswert, Similis factus sum pellicano solitudinis: Wooded Landscape with Hermits, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 145 à 90 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 415
12.4 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Jesus is led into the desert: Temptation of Christ, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 416
12.5 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint John the Baptist, ca. 1612/ reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 417
12.6 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Paul Hermit, ca. 1612/ reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 418
12.7 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Anthony Hermit, ca. 1612/ reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 419
12.8 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Hilarion, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 420
12.9 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Malchus, ca. 1612/ reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 421
12.10 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Onuphrius, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 422
12.11 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Pachomius, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 423
12.12 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Macarius Aegyptius, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 424
12.13 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Macarius Alexandrinus, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 425
12.14 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Abraham Hermit, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 426
12.15 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Basil the Great, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 427
12.16 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Ephraem, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 428
12.17 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Simeon Stylita, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 429
12.18 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Frontonius, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 430
12.19 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint John in Lyco, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 431
12.20 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Elias Aegyptius, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 432
12.21 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Theonas, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 433
12.22 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Helenus, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 434
12.23 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Ammon Nitriota, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 435
12.24 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Paul Simplex, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 436
12.25 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Arsenius, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 437
12.26 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Bonosus, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 438
12.27 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Jerome, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. British Museum, London 439
12.28 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Title-Page: Sacra eremus ascetriarum, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 440
12.29 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Virgin Mary, Mother of God, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 441
12.30 Boëtius à Bolswert after Abraham Bloemaert, Saint Mary Magdalene, ca. 1612/reissued 1619. Engraving, ca. 125/30 à 85/88 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 442
12.31 Willem de Passe after Abraham Bloemaert, Angel Gabriel, ca. 1610. Engraving, 273 Ã 186 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 443
12.32 Crispijn van de Passe after Abraham Bloemaert, Virgin Annunciate, ca. 1610. Engraving, 275 Ã 187 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 444
12.33 Willem van Swanenburg after Abraham Bloemaert, Peter Mourning his Betrayal of Christ, from Biblical Penitents, 1609â1611. Engraving, 268 Ã 171. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 445
12.34 Willem van Swanenburg after Abraham Bloemaert, Paulâs Contrition over his Former Persecution of Christ, from Biblical Penitents, 1609â1611. Engraving, 267 Ã 170 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 446
12.35 Willem van Swanenburg after Abraham Bloemaert, Zachaeus Grieving over his Riches, from Biblical Penitents, 1609â1611. Engraving, 272 Ã 173 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 447
12.36 Willem van Swanenburg after Abraham Bloemaert, Repentant Mary Magdalene in the Wilderness, from Biblical Penitents, 1609â1611. Engraving, 271 Ã 174 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 448
12.37 Jan Saenredam after Abraham Bloemaert, Ahijah Divides his Cloak before Jeroboam, from Prophecies of Ahijah, 1604. Engraving, 270 Ã 199 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 449
12.38 Jan Saenredam after Abraham Bloemaert, Ahijah Predicts the Fall of Jeroboam, from Prophecies of Ahijah, 1604. Engraving, 270 Ã 194 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 450
12.39 Jan Saenredam after Abraham Bloemaert, Expulsion, from History of Adam and Eve, 1604. Engraving, 278 Ã 200 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 451
12.40 Jan Saenredam after Abraham Bloemaert, Lamentation of Adam and Eve, from History of Adam and Eve, 1604. Engraving, 279 Ã 200 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 452
13.1 The 26 Japan Martyrs of 1597 on the Way to their Crucifixion, 1599, engraving. From: Guzmán Francisco Tello de, Relation, Auà befelch Herrn Francisci Teglij Gubernators, vnd general Obristens der Philippinischen Inseln [â¦] (Munich, Adam Berg: 1599), fol. A iv r. Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Res/4 H.eccl. 870,49, 10. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 506
13.2 The Crucifixion of 1597 in Nagasaki, 1599, engraving. From: Guzmán Francisco Tello de, Relation, Auà befelch Herrn Francisci Teglij Gubernators, vnd general Obristens der Philippinischen Inseln [â¦] (Munich, Adam Berg: 1599), fol. B ii r. Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Res/4 H.eccl. 870,49, 14. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 507
13.3 Title page of Fróis LuÃs, Drey Japponische Schreiben [â¦] (Mainz, Johan Albin: 1599). Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek 4 Jes. 268. Photo courtesy of Bayerische Staatsbibliothek MuÌnchen 508
13.4 St. Francis Lovingly Embracing a Crucifix, engraving. From: Guzmán Francisco Tello de, Relation, Auà befelch Herrn Francisci Teglij Gubernators, vnd general Obristens der Philippinischen Inseln [â¦] (Munich, Adam Berg: 1599), fol. A i v. Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Res/4 H.eccl. 870,49, 5. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 510
13.5 Jacques Callot, The Crucifixion of the 23 Franciscan Martyrs of 1597 in Japan, 1627 or later, etching, 11,4 Ã 16,8 cm, Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum, object number RP-P-1925-15. CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en 513
13.6 The Crucifixion of the 23 Franciscan Martyrs of 1597 in Japan, 1627, oil on canvas, ca. 220 à 350 cm, Francavilla Fontana, Santa Maria della Croce, Fototeca SABAP-BA n. inv. 205091 cat.D. Su autorizzazione della Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la città metropolitana di Bari â MiC 515
13.7 Raphaël Sadeler II, The Crucifixion of the 23 Franciscan Martyrs of 1597 in Japan, 1627â1632, engraving, 39 à 48,9 cm, Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum, object number RP-P-1926-631. CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain /zero/1.0/deed.en 517
13.8 The Martyrs of 1597 Preparing for Crucifixion, 1608, engraving. From: Ricci Bartolomeo, Triumphus Jesu Christi crucifixi (Antwerp, Joannes Moretus: 1608), fol. B iv r, Vienna, Ãsterreichische Nationalbibliothek. Public domain: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/ 519
13.9 Matthäus Greuter and Paul Maupin, Effigies et nomina quorundam è societate Jesu qui pro fide vel pietate sunt interfecti [â¦], 1608, engraving, 182,5 à 50 cm, middle section of the print, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF ms. Français 15782, Fol. 423r 520
13.10 Wolfgang Kilian, Drey Seelige Martyrer der Societet Jesu [â¦], 1628, engraving, 14,5 à 27 cm, Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Einbl. VII,24 l. Photo courtesy of Bayerische Staatsbibliothek MuÌnchen 524
13.11 Hieronymus Wierix, The âTrue Effigyâ of St. Francis Xavier, before 1619, engraving, 7,3 à 11 cm, Paris, Musée du Louvre. Photo © Musée du Louvre, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Martine Beck-Coppola 527
13.12 Schelte Adamsz. Bolswert after Peter Paul Rubens, Saint Francis Xavier and Saint Ignatius of Loyola, ca. 1633â1659, engraving, 24,1 Ã 34,2 cm, New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 51.501.7129. CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en 528
13.13 Schelte Adamsz. Bolswert after Abraham van Diepenbeeck, The Crucifixion of the Three Jesuit Martyrs of 1597, 1628â1659, engraving, 27,1 Ã 43 cm, Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum, object number RP-P-BI-2563. CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons .org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en 530
13.14 After Abraham van Diepenbeeck, The Crucifixion of Jesuit and Franciscan Martyrs in Japan in 1597, 1667, engraving, Wellcome Collection, Reference: 11014i. Public Domain Mark, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/. Source: Wellcome Collection 531
13.15 Drij ghekruijste Japonoisen, oil on canvas, 117,5 Ã 89 cm, Kyushu National Museum. Source: ColBase (https://colbase.nich.go.jp/collection_items/kyuhaku/A27?locale=ja) 533
13.16 Guido Cagnacci, Tre martiri del Giappone, 1635, oil on canvas, 250 Ã 140 cm, Rimini, San Francesco Saverio. Reproduced with the permission of Commissione Diocesana per lâArte Sacra e i Beni Culturali, Diocesi di Rimini 533
14.1 Danzig (GdaÅsk) workshop, Reliquary of St. Kazimierz JagielloÅczyk, c.1677â1678. Wooden core, amber, silver, ivory, metal. 35 à 56 à 20 cm. Front view. Florence, Palazzo Pitti, Tesoro dei Granduchi. Image © Gallerie degli Uffizi 542
14.2 Danzig (GdaÅsk) workshop, Reliquary of St. Kazimierz JagielloÅczyk, c.1677â1678. Wooden core, amber, silver, ivory, metal. 35 à 56 à 20 cm. Back view. Florence, Palazzo Pitti, Tesoro dei Granduchi. Image © Gallerie degli Uffizi 542
14.3 Woodcut frontispiece portrait of Kazimierz JagielloÅczyk. In Ferreri Zaccaria, Vita Beati Casimiri Confessoris [n.p]. Image in the public domain 546
14.4 Carlo Dolci, Portrait of St. Kazimierz, 1670â1671. Oil on canvas, 95 à 79 cm. Image © Gallerie degli Uffizi 547
15.1 Jan Provoost, Interior of Christ Carrying the Cross and Portrait of a Fifty-Four-Year-Old Franciscan, (1522). Oil on panel, 40 cm à 49.5 cm. Sint-Janshospitaal, Bruges (inv. no. 0000.SJ0191.I). Artwork in the public domain 575
15.2 Jan Provoost, Exterior of Christ Carrying the Cross and Portrait of a Fifty-Four-Year-Old Franciscan, (1522). Oil on panel, 40 cm à 49.5 cm. Sint-Janshospitaal, Bruges (inv. no. 0000.SJ0191.I). Artwork in the public domain 575
15.3 Hieronymus Bosch or Follower of Hieronymus Bosch, Christ Carrying the Cross, (ca. 1510âca. 1516). Oil on panel, 76.7 Ã 83.5 cm, Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Ghent (inv. 1902âH). Artwork in the public domain 586
15.4 Titian/Giorgione, Christ Carrying the Cross, (1505). Oil on canvas, 68.2 cm à 88.3 cm, Scuola Grande di San Rocco, Venice. Image © Cameraphoto Arte, Venice / Art Resource, NY 588
15.5 Bernardino Luini, Christ Carrying the Cross and the Virgin, (1520/1530). Oil on wood, 50.6 cm à 49.7 cm, Museo Poldi Pezzoli, Milan, (inv. no. 1624). © Museo Poldi Pezzoli, Milan 589
15.6 Jan Provoost, Sacred Allegory, (ca. 1500). Oil on wood, 50 cm à 40 cm, Musée du Louvre, Paris (inv. no. RF 1973 44). © 2017 RMN-Grand Palais (Louvre) / Tony Querrec 592
15.7 Master of 1499, Interior right panel of Diptych of Abbot Christiaan de Hondt, (1499). Oil on panel, 31 cm à 29 cm, Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Antwerp (inv. no. 255-256-530-531). Artwork in the public domain 597
15.8 Antonio Leonelli da Crevalcore, St. Francis as the Man of Sorrows, (ca. 1490). Tempera on wood panel, 74.5 cm à 56 cm, Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, Museum purchase, Carl Otto von Kienbusch Jr., Memorial Collection (inv. no. y1956â3). Artwork in the public domain 605
15.9 Antonio Leonelli da Crevalcore, Reverse of St. Francis as the Man of Sorrows, (ca. 1490). Tempera on wood panel, 74.5 cm à 56 cm, Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, Museum purchase, Carl Otto von Kienbusch Jr., Memorial Collection (inv. no. y1956â3). Artwork in the public domain 606
16.1 Philips Galle after Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Caritas, 1559â1560. Engraving, 22.3 à 29.1 cm. Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum. Image © Public Domain 622
16.2 Anonymous, Cripples (The Crippled Bishop), ca. 1570. Engraving, 30.3 à 21.9 cm. Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum. Image © Public Domain 623
16.3 Hendrick Goltzius, [Goltziusâ] Right Hand, 1588. Pen and brown ink on paper, 22.9 à 32.8 cm. Haarlem, Teylers Museum. Image © Public Domain 626
16.4 Hendrick Goltzius, Self-Portrait, 1589. Silverpoint with graphite, with grey and blue-grey wash, on yellow-prepared vellum, 14.6 à 10.4 cm. London, British Museum. Image © The Trustees of the British Museum 627
16.5 Hendrick Goltzius, Four Studies of [Goltziusâ] Right Hand, 1588â1589. Black and red chalk, on slightly tinted ribbed laid paper, 30.9 à 20.7 cm. Frankfurt am Main, Städel Museum. Image © Public Domain 628
16.6 Hendrick Goltzius, Mucius Scaevola, 1586. Engraving, 36.7 à 23.5 cm. Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum. Image © Public Domain 637
16.7 Hendrick Goltzius, Sine Cerere et Libero Friget Venus, 1606. Pencil, pen, and brown wash on grounded canvas, 220 à 170 cm. St. Petersburg, The Hermitage. Image © Public Domain 639
17.1 Pieter Lastman, Paul and Barnabas in Lystra (1617). Oil on panel. 76 Ã 115 cm. Amsterdam Museum, Amsterdam. Public Domain 649
17.2 Pieter Lastman, Paul and Barnabas in Lystra (1617). Oil on panel. 76 Ã 115 cm. Detail of apostles. Amsterdam Museum, Amsterdam. Public Domain 652
17.3 Pieter Coecke van Aelst, The Sacrifice at Lystra (ca. 1529â1530). Pen and brown ink. 29.5 Ã 45.7 cm. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles. Public Domain 654
17.4 Pieter Coecke van Aelst, The Sacrifice at Lystra (ca. 1529â1530). Pen and brown ink. 29.5 Ã 45.7 cm. Detail of sacrifice. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles. Public Domain 655
17.5 Marten de Vos, Paul and Barnabas in Lystra (ca. 1568). Oil on panel. 140 à 185 cm. Château dâOlivier, Gironde; as illustrated in Jonckheere K. â Suykerbuyk R. (eds.), Art after Iconoclasm: Painting in the Netherlands between 1566 and 1585 (Turnhout, 2012) 39 656
17.6 Marten de Vos, Paul and Barnabas in Lystra (ca. 1568). Oil on panel. 140 à 185 cm. Details of apostles. Château dâOlivier, Gironde; as illustrated in Jonckheere â Suykerbuyk (eds.), Art after Iconoclasm 39 657
17.7 Jan Saenredam after Karel van Mander, Paul and Barnabas in Lystra (1589â1607). Engraving. 26.7 Ã 41 cm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Public Domain 658
17.8 Jan Saenredam after Karel van Mander, Paul and Barnabas in Lystra (1589â1607). Engraving. 26.7 Ã 41 cm. Detail of apostles. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Public Domain 659
18.1 Hendrick Staets, Ships Wrecked on a Rocky Shore, 1655. Oil on panel, 50,8 Ã 68,6 cm. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London 676
18.2 Detail from Hendrick Staets, Ships Wrecked on a Rocky Shore 677
18.3 Jacob Bellevois, A Fishing Boat off a Rocky Coast in a Storm with a Wreck, c.1665. Oil on canvas, 82,5 Ã 121,9 cm. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London 679
18.4 Detail from Jacob Bellevois, A Fishing Boat off a Rocky Coast in a Storm with a Wreck 680
18.5 Claes Jansz. Visscher (printmaker), Frustra qui iterum, emblem XLVII, in Visscher Roemer, Sinnepoppen (Amsterdam, Willem Jansz. Blaeu, 1614), Rijksmuseum 683
18.6 Pieter Nolpe, Shipwreck: The Month March and the Element water, 1640s or early 1650s. Engraving, 405 Ã 519 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 685
18.7 Detail from Pieter Nolpe, Shipwreck: The Month March and the Element water 686
18.8 Hans Savery the Elder (attr.), The Wreck of the Amsterdam, ca. 1630. Oil on canvas, 125,7 Ã 177,8 cm. National Maritime Museum, London 689
18.9 Detail from Hans Savery the Elder (attr.), The Wreck of the Amsterdam 690