Consequences and regulation of gut metabolism

P.J. Reeds; D.G. Burrin; B. Stoll; J.B. van Goudoever

Consequences and regulation of gut metabolism

In: Protein metabolism and nutrition

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P.J. Reeds

P.J. Reeds USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston TX 77030

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D.G. Burrin

D.G. Burrin USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston TX 77030

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B. Stoll

B. Stoll USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston TX 77030

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J.B. van Goudoever

J.B. van Goudoever USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston TX 77030

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 127–153

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004683495_010

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Summary

The portal-drained viscera have a high rate of both protein synthesis and energy expenditure. Thus, these tissues contribute disproportionately to the overall requirement for some nutrients, while at the same time exerting a nutritionally significant influence on substrate availability for other tissues. Studies based on the use of dual intravenous and enteral administration of isotopically labelled tracers have shown that the first-pass splanchnic sequestration of dietary amino acids, is substantial. In contrast, the splanchnic first-pass use of glucose is generally a low proportion of intake. Recent studies have established that intestinal amino acid metabolism contributes 70% or more of total splanchnic amino acid metabolism. In this paper we discuss: (a) the impact of secretory protein outflow on the assessment of the true digestibility of conventional protein sources; (b) the impact of intestinal amino acid utilisation on the portal availability of dietary amino acids; and (c) pathways of arterial and enteral substrate utilisation by the intestine. We conclude that: (a) many protein sources are essentially completely digested in the small intestine in monogastrics and that differences in ‘digestibility’ are largely functions of secretory protein production; (b) the intestinal utilisation of amino acids, either by first-pass metabolism, or by ‘second-pass’ use via the mesenteric arterial input, has a nutritionally significant impact on net portal amino acid availability; and (c) amino acids, especially lumenal non-essential amino acids, are critical oxidative substrates and biosynthetic precursors in the intestinal mucosa. We also discuss the potential impact of the activation of gut defense mechanisms, and especially mucin production on amino acid needs, metabolism and bioavailability.

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Protein metabolism and nutrition

Proceedings of the VIIIth International Symposium, Aberdeen, 1-4 Sept. 1999

E-Book ISBN:: 9789004683495

Publisher:: Wageningen Academic

Print Publication Date:: 01 Jan 1999

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- Life Sciences
  - General
  - Animal & Veterinary

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Consequences and regulation of gut metabolism

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Protein metabolism and nutrition

Proceedings of the VIIIth International Symposium, Aberdeen, 1-4 Sept. 1999

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