Index
Page numbers marked in bold indicate a more in-depth treatment of the subject.
abandonment of sites
see depopulation/abandonment
Abu Ahmad al-Muwaffaq biʾllah
232
Abu Muslim
111
Academy of Science of Tashkent
5
Adilov, Shukrat
8
,
54n1
,
146
,
174
,
214n12
,
252
Afrasyab
99
,
104
,
253
,
262n4
Africa
261
Afshana (site 0432)
50
,
73
,
266
ceramics collection/study
81
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
81
dating/chronology
81
size/surface
81
topography
81
,
84ill.
water supply
81
,
108
,
109
agricultural settlements
39
Ai Khanoum
24
,
262
Aix-Marseille University
1
Ak-tepe, altar
170
Akhsiket (Ferghana)
215n13
,
262
Alai/Altai Mountains
1
,
13
,
261
altars
170
Amol/Amul
25
,
117
,
118
Amu Darya (Oxus River/Valley)
1
,
13
,
19ill.
,
22
,
24
,
25
,
117
,
118
,
121
,
261
,
266
Anarbaev, A.
215n13
Andrieu-Ponel, Valérie
1
anthropogenic pollution
13
Anxia (country)
24
Arachosia
24
ArcGIS
13
Archaeological Institute of Samarkand
1
,
5
,
8
archaeological missions
see excavations
Ariamithan
145 –146 Ramitan
aridification
13
,
14
desiccation
Ark of Bukhara
58
,
58n5
,
165
,
252
,
254ill.
Bukhara (site 0097)
Armithana
145
Ramitan
Arrowsmith, John
8
artisanal/production areas
35
,
43
pottery production; pottery quarter (Paykend)
Aryas (Indo-Arians)
25n17
Askadj
232
Askarov, A.A.
8
ASTERDEM_1 (topographical map)
5
Babaev, C.
146
Bactra/Balkh (city)
262
artifacts
262
political and economic importance
266
trade routes to/through
118
,
121
,
264
Bactria(na)/Balkh (country/historical region)
47
,
207
,
262n4
,
264
trade routes to/through
24
,
25
Bad-Asija (fortress, Paykend)
195
Baghashkur (door/gate, Bukhara)
118
Balkh
see Bactra/Balkh
Banab (site 0567)
abandonment
49
ceramics collection/study
89
citadel, shahrestan and suburb
(rabad)
89
dating/chronology
89
pottery production
89
size/surface
84
,
89
topography
43
,
89
,
97ill.
water supply
108
,
109
Barbati, Chiara
167n8
Barkad (site 0944)
38
,
75ill.
abandonment
50
ceramics collection/study
71
citadel
71
dating/chronology
71
road network
118
shahrestan
71
,
108
size/surface
66
,
71
suburb/rabad
71
topography
71
,
75ill.
water supply
107
,
109
Barthold, V.
118
,
118n27
,
259
Bash tepe settlements
35
,
111
,
118
,
122n29
,
125
Beleniskij, A.M.
252
Bentovic, I.C.
252
Bernard, Paul
24
Berthier, Sophie
216
,
225
bipartite cities/sites (sites with two urban
entities)
29
,
35
,
121
autonomy of
133
ceramics collection/studies
122
,
125
,
126
citadel
121
,
122
,
125
,
126
dating/chronology
38
,
125
,
126
,
263
distribution/territorial organisation of
30 –34ill. 36ill.
,
121 –122 123 –124ill. 125
,
126 –127 129
,
134
evolution of
38
,
42ill.
,
44ill.
,
48ill.
fortification/ramparts
121
,
122ill.
,
137
in Gijduvan area
37ill.
,
122
,
129
hydrological network
110ill.
,
116ill.
,
129
,
130ill.
,
131ill.
,
132ill.
military outposts
125
mounds
121
number of
121
road networks
115ill.
,
116ill.
,
125
,
129
,
132ill.
self-sufficiency of
125
shahrestan
125 –126
size/surface
121
socio-economic connection with tripartite cities
38
,
39ill.
,
127
,
128ill.
,
263
survey methodology
121
site 250
black-slip pottery
46ill.
,
81
,
82
,
126
,
151
,
156
,
158
,
192
,
193
,
242
,
249
,
253
,
262
,
263
,
264
,
265
Blocqueville, Henri de
25
Bolshakov, O.G.
252
,
259
Brinon, Claire
216
Bronze Age
261
abandonment of sites
14
desiccation
14
,
261
human occupation/settlements during
14
,
17
,
19
,
20ill.
paleochannels
14
water resource transformations
111
Brunet, Frédérique
17
Bucolics (Virgil)
247
Bukhar-Khudat (local Sogdian dynasty)
145
,
265
Bukhara (city, site 0097)
57 –58 109
,
144
57
,
58
,
59ill.
,
158
,
258
,
260
,
265
,
266
artifacts
253
,
254
,
256ill.
,
263
ceramics collection/study
253
,
254
,
256ill.
,
258
,
259
,
263
citadel/Ark
58
,
58n5
,
165
,
252
,
254ill.
bathroom complex
258
construction structure
253 –254
dating/chronology
258
,
259ill.
fireplaces
257
kitchen
257
rooms
253
stratigraphy
253 –258 255 –257ill.
walls
253
,
254
,
257ill.
water pipe
254
dating/chronology
58n5
,
252
,
253
,
258
,
259ill.
demographic growth
50
,
135
,
192
,
258
,
260
,
265
,
266
,
267
earlier surveys/excavations
252 –253 258
economic development/importance
134
,
135
,
265
,
266
excavations
29
,
60ill.
,
143
fortification/ramparts
58n5
,
137
,
258
,
265
,
266
gates/doors
118
,
183
towers
264
Islamic period
259
mosques
252
,
258 –259
political-administrative importance/leadership
50
,
58
,
133
,
135
,
258
,
265
,
266
Registan
252
road network/location on trade routes
114
,
117
,
118
,
121
,
135
,
240
,
252
shahrestan
58
,
137
,
252
,
258
,
259
,
266
Muslim v. Zoroastrian quarters
266
stratigraphy, Trench A (citadel/Ark)
253 –258 255ill.
,
256ill.
,
257ill.
suburbs (rabad)
252
,
259 –260
trade/commerce
135
,
259
urban organisation/evolution of urban plan
60ill.
,
252
,
259
water supply/water network
109
,
260
Bukhara Oasis
144
dynamics of construction/deconstruction
4
eastern part
6ill.
geographical setting
1
,
3ill.
northern part
113ill.
size of area
4
,
13
western part
6ill.
,
8
Bukhara (oblast/province)
27
,
52
,
135
,
266
Bukhara-Ramitan Road
114
Bukhara-Samarkand Road
114
,
117
,
118
Bukhara-Tavovis Road
114
al-Bukhari, Sahl ibn Ahmad al-Daghuni
232
Bukhkomstaris (Committee for the Protection of the
Historical Monuments)
8
Burnes, Alexander
8
Calvino, I.
54
caravan routes
see Silk Road; trade routes
caravans, daily travel distance
114
caravanserais/stopovers for caravans
25
,
29
,
114
,
117
,
118
,
121
,
204
,
207
,
265 –266
carenated shaped pottery
258n5
,
262
,
263
Caspian Sea bank
24
catastrophic events
261 –262
Central Asia
climate/climate changes
13
,
50
,
261
comparative excavations/surveys
8
,
196
,
215n13
fortifications/Ribat of
137
,
195 –196 230
geographical map of western
2ill.
geological map of western
17ill.
prehistorians/early occupants
261
,
262
trade routes
22
,
24
,
117
Centre Européen de Recherche et
d’Enseignement en Géosciences de l’Envi (CEREGE,
Aix-en-Provence)
1
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
4
ceramics collection/studies
4
,
46ill.
,
47
,
55
,
57
,
256ill.
,
263
,
265
,
267
bipartite cities/sites
122
,
125
,
126
tripartite cities/sites
54
pottery quarter (Paykend); pottery/pottery
production; under individual sites
CEREGE (Centre Européen de Recherche et
d’Enseignement en Géosciences de l’Envi)
1
Chach (historic principality of Uzbekistan)
39
,
266
China
1
trade routes to/from
24
,
25
,
114
,
117
,
207
,
265
Chinese pottery
200
Chionite invasions
264
Chorasmia
see Khorezm
citadels
27
,
29
,
38
,
47
,
54
under individual sites
cité (term)
133
cities
see bipartite cities/sites; human occupation/settlements;
tripartite cities/sites
city-states
129
,
133
classification of sites/cities
27
,
29
,
54
urban categories
climate/climatic changes
1
,
13
,
14
,
50
,
261 –262
CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientific)
4
coccio-pesto (layer of pottery fragments
in floors or walls)
192
,
192n10
,
211
,
213
,
213ill.
coins
214
,
254
commerce
see trade/commerce
commercial areas
35
,
43
,
265
under individual sites
cooking utensils
1
,
203
,
203ill.
,
262
Corona images
121
courtyards
209
,
266
cutlery
203
,
203ill.
Dacha
145
Dalverzin tepe
24
dams, temporary
14
Daxia (country)
24
Daymun (site 0039)
ceramics collection/study
89
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
88 –89
fortification/ramparts
137
road network
117
size/surface
84
,
88 –89
topography
88
,
96ill.
water supply
109
Debaine-Francfort, C.
262 –263
defense of oasis
see fortification/ramparts
demographic growth
39
,
134 –135 266
,
267
depopulation/abandonment; under individual
sites
Denisova cave (Altai Mountains)
261
Denisovian Hominids
261
depopulation/abandonment
1
,
4
,
50
,
108
,
134
,
265
9th-12th centuries CE
47
,
49
,
50
,
266
,
267
13th-14th centuries CE
50
15th-16th centuries CE
50
,
52
,
129
16th-19th centuries CE
52
Bronze Age
14
Neolithic Age
14
demographic growth; under individual
sites
desertification
111
desiccation
13
,
25
,
108
,
109
,
111
,
125
,
129
,
261
under individual sites
diplomatic travellers
8
,
24
Djadasarun (door/gate, Bukhara)
118
domestic spaces, evolution of
1
,
215
,
266
Duturaeva, D.
207
dwelling (Paykend, sharestan-1)
207 –216
artifacts
211
,
214
bathroom/hammam
214
,
215
coccio-pesto walls
211
,
213ill.
construction structure
208
,
209
,
211
,
215
corridor
214
,
215
courtyard/rubbish dump
209
,
211
,
213
,
214
,
215
dating/chronology
208 –215
destructions
211
,
213
,
214
ditch-streets
208
,
209
,
211
,
214
,
215
doors
209
,
209ill.
fireplaces/ovens
211
,
214
,
215
floor
209
Islamic dwelling, floor
214
kitchen/storage area
209
,
211
,
214
,
215
latrine
209
,
211
,
213
,
215
reception hall
213
,
214
,
215
rooms/private quarter
208
,
209
,
211
,
213
,
214
,
215
size/surface
208
walls
208
,
209
water evacuation system
(badrab)
214
Dzhety-asar (lower Syr Darya)
264
Early Pleistocene
261
earthquakes
14
economic development
263
,
264
,
265
,
267
tripartite cities
133
,
134 –136
under individual sites
Erkurgan
253
,
263
Esri Imagery
4
,
108
,
121
Euphrates River
24
evolution of human occupation/settlements
see human occupation/settlements
excavation
comparable/previous excavations
1
,
8
,
55
,
196
,
215
,
215n13
excavated sites
7ill.
,
143ill.
selection of sites
143 –144
Far East
1
Farghandad (site 0622)
49
ceramics collection/study
86
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
86
dating/chronology
86
size/surface
84
,
86
topography
86
,
95ill.
water supply
109
Ferghana (region)
24
,
211
,
215n13
,
261
,
263
Filanovic, M.I.
170
Firabr
117
,
118
,
121
fireplaces
183
,
186
,
188
,
192
,
200
,
203
,
211
,
214
,
215
,
257
flooding
13
,
59
,
107
,
204
,
207
,
228
fortification/ramparts
27
,
39
,
43
,
47
,
138 –139ill. 265
evolution of
136 –137
habitats outside city walls
55
under individual sites
forts
29
Fouache, Eric
1
,
129
Francfort, Henri-Paul
22
French-Uzbek Archaeological Mission
see MAFOUB
Frye, Richard
135n40
,
146
,
252
,
266
Gangler, A.
252
Gansu (region)
24
Gaube, Heinz
252
,
259
Gazli sites (1109, 1110, 1040, 1118), road network
118
Genito, Bruno
8
Geographic Information Systems
see GIS
geological maps, western Central Asia
2ill.
,
17ill.
geomagnetic surveys
43
,
163
,
193
,
216
geomorphological survey/analysis
of cities
54
of territory
2
,
4
,
19ill.
,
35
,
38
,
54
,
111
,
261
of Zerafshan River
13
Gijduvan (oblast/province)
27
,
37ill.
,
122
,
129
Gijduvan (site 0002)
122
ceramics study
66n12
,
134
commercial area
66
economic role
114
old centre
66
,
67ill.
road network
35
,
114
shahrestan
66
size/surface
57
,
66
suburb (rabad)
66
topography
66
water supply
66
,
109
GIS (Geographic Information System)
4
,
5
,
8
,
13
,
108
Web-GIS
4
,
5n6
glaciers
14
glass production
266
glass/glass production
4
,
127
,
135n39
,
186
,
204
,
241
,
242
,
245
,
246
,
266
glazed pottery
125
,
222
,
223
,
225
,
226
,
228
,
249
,
266
,
267
goblets, stem-foot
262
,
263
Google Earth
4
Gorodishe Paykend (A.R.
Mukhamedjanov)
195
Grenet, Frantz
39
,
126
,
135n40
,
264
grey pottery
126
,
264
Grizina, A.A.
78
Guljamov, J.G.
8
Gulyamata (site 0359)
ceramics study
81
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
81
dating/chronology
81
size/surface
73
,
81
topography
81
,
83ill.
water supply
81
,
109
Hanshu (Ban Gu)
25
Hazarasp
118
Hephtalites
265
Hermitage Museum (St. Petersburg)
8
,
59
,
195
,
207
Himalayan collision
13
Hissar Mountain range
261
Holocene
13
,
47
,
50ill.
Homo altaiensis
261
Homo heidelbergensis
261
Homo neanderthalis
261
human occupation/settlements
1
,
14
,
22ill.
classification of sites
27
,
29
,
54
distribution of settlements
28ill.
,
29
,
30 –34ill. 35
,
40 –42ill. 44ill.
,
55
,
57ill.
,
108 –109 126 –127 129
,
134
,
263
evolution of
16
,
22ill.
,
27
1st century BCE-3rd century CE
38 –39 41ill.
,
42ill.
,
126 –127 263
3rd-1st centuries BCE
38
,
40ill.
,
126
,
262
3rd-8th centuries CE
39
,
43
,
44ill.
,
47
,
126
,
264 –265
9th-12th centuries CE
47
,
48ill.
,
49
,
50
,
111
,
126
,
265
,
266
13th-14th centuries CE
50
,
266 –267 267
15th-16th centuries CE
50
,
51
,
52
,
53ill.
,
267
16th-19th centuries CE
52
Bronze Age
18
,
19
,
35
,
111
,
118
,
261
,
262
Iron Age
19
,
35
,
262
Middle Ages
25
Neolithic Age
18
,
19
,
20ill.
,
35
,
118
,
262
number of sites
27
origins of settlers
263 –264 267
bipartite cities/sites; tripartite cities/sites;
under individual sites
hydrological network
1
,
4
,
261
,
262
1893 hydrological network
57
,
109 –111 110ill.
,
115ill.
,
116ill.
,
129
,
131ill.
bipartite sites
110ill.
,
116ill.
,
129
,
130ill.
,
131ill.
,
132ill.
link between settlement organisation and
108 –109
tripartite sites
109 –111 110ill.
,
115ill.
,
116ill.
IAUAS
27n2
Ibn Ḥawqal
117
,
118
ice sheets (northern hemisphere)
261
,
262
IDRISI Selva (software)
13
IMBE (L’Institut Méditerranéen de la
Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Marine et Continentale)
1
Indo-Arians (Aryas)
25n17
Indus Valley
24
Industrial Revolution
134
Institute of Iranian Studies (Vienna)
1
,
21n8
,
167n8
Interglacial period, current
261
Iran
1
,
24
,
25
,
91
,
215
,
266
trade routes to/from
25
,
114
,
117
Irano-Khorasanian cultures
1
,
266
Iron Age
human occupation during
19
,
35
,
262
temperature stagnation
261
water source transformations
111
irrigation
13
,
35
,
38
,
39
,
49
,
109
,
262
bipartite sites
125
,
129
tripartite sites
108 –109 water supply
ishkornaia (type of glazed pottery)
266
Iskhakova
146
Iskidj
232
Iskijkas (Iskijkat)
232
Iskijkat (site 0847)
14
,
21ill.
,
70ill.
artifacts
234
,
253
,
263
caravanserai
114
ceramics collection/study
47
,
81
,
83
,
156
,
253
,
254
,
263
citadel
67
,
232
,
233
,
239
construction structure
234
,
236
destructions
234
,
236
stratigraphy
234 –236 235ill.
,
239
cloth production
232
commerce/commercial area
232
,
246
dating/chronology
14
,
21
,
67
,
231
,
239
depopulation
239
,
246
,
266
excavations
1
,
29
,
67
,
143
,
232
fortification/ramparts
67
,
137
,
232
,
234
,
236
,
239
hammam
232
mosque
232
mound
232
,
236
palace
232
political importance
265
pottery/pottery production
253
,
263
,
265
road network/location on trade routes
114
,
144
shahrestan
67
,
232
,
234
,
265
construction structure
238 –239
dating/chronology
238
destructions
238
fortification
236
stratigraphy
236 –239 237ill.
size/surface
66
,
67
,
232
stratigraphy
239
Trench A (citadel)
234 –236 235ill.
,
239
Trench B (shahrestan)
236 –239 237ill.
suburb (rabad)
67
,
232
,
239
,
246
topography/landscape
67
,
69ill.
,
144
,
231 –232 232
,
232 –233ill. 236
toponym
232
urban organisation/evolution of urban plan
232
,
233ill.
,
239
water supply/watercourses
52
,
67
,
107
,
109
,
231
,
236
Islamic conquest
246
,
252
,
265
Islamic period
48ill.
,
49
,
67
,
81
,
84
,
85
,
87
,
111
,
126
,
200
,
251
evolution of urban layout
266
pottery
47
,
91
,
97
,
104
reoccupation of settlements
47
al-Istakhri
145
Italian expeditions/studies
8
Jakubov, J.
47
Jandoor
117
Kagan (city)
117
,
118
Kagan (oblast/province)
27
Kakishtuvan (site 0317)
74ill.
,
241ill.
abandonment
50
artifacts
243
,
244
ceramics collection/study
69
,
71
,
83
,
242
,
246
,
254
,
263
citadel
69
,
240
,
241
construction structure
242
dating/chronology
242
destructions
244
,
245
rooms
244
stratigraphy
242 –246 243ill.
walls
242 –246
waste disposal area
244
,
245
commercial role
71
,
240
dating/chronology
69
,
240
,
241
,
242
desiccation
240
economy
240
excavations
29
,
69
,
143
fortification/ramparts
55
,
69
,
137
,
241
towers
240
,
241
mounds
241
,
242
nomads
240
political and military importance
246
,
265
pottery/pottery production
71
,
242
,
253
,
265
road network/location on trade routes
144
,
240
shahrestan
69
,
240 –241 242
size/surface
66
,
69
stratigraphy, Trench A (citadel)
242 –246 243ill.
suburb (rabad)
69
,
71
,
241
,
242
topography/landscape
69
,
74ill.
,
144
,
240
,
240 –241ill. 242
urban organisation/evolution of urban plan
241 –242 246
water supply/watercourses
50
,
109
,
111
,
240
,
241
Kaltchayan
24
Kam-i-Abu Muslim (canal)
38
,
108
,
109
dating of
111
,
114
Kampir Duval (oasis wall)
39
,
102
,
104
,
109
,
111
,
113ill.
,
118
,
122
,
125
dating of
125
,
137
,
246
Kan Ying (Chinese emperor’s emissary)
24
Kangju (people)
264
Kangju State
25
,
39
,
263
Sogdia/Sogdiana
Kara Kum Desert
117
Karmana (site 0104)
29
,
80ill.
,
266
abandonment of
52
cemetery
78
ceramics collection/study
78
,
263
citadel (Burkut tepe)
78
dating/chronology
78
,
80
excavations
78
road network
35
,
134
,
135
shahrestan
78
size/surface
73
,
78
suburb (rabad)
78
,
134
topography
77 –78
Karshi Gate (Bukhara)
118
Karshi (Nasaf)
118
,
121
Karshi Oasis
29
,
38
,
118
,
120ill.
,
207
Karshi Road
118
,
120ill.
,
121
Kashgar
24
,
25
Kashka Darya River
19
,
19ill.
,
22
,
25
,
35
,
38
,
89
,
121
delta
19
,
144
paleochannels
19
,
19ill.
,
107
,
118
,
261
Kath
118
Kaththa (site 0320)
38
,
50
ceramics collection/study
82
citadel
82
dating/chronology
82
shahrestan
82
size/surface
73
,
82
suburb (rabad)
82
,
134
topography
82
,
88ill.
water supply
109
Kaunchi (type of pottery)
47
Kazakhstan
25
,
135n40
,
263
Kenimeh (oblast/province)
27
Kennedy, Hugh
47
Kesaev, V.N.
195
Kesati, P.
195
Khama (site 0012)
ceramics collection/study
87 –88
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
87
dating/chronology
87 –88
road network
114
size/surface
84
,
87
topography
87
,
95ill.
water supply
87
,
108
,
109
Kharqan Rud River
35
,
66
,
109
,
122
,
129
Khatta
266
Khitfar Ramitan River/Channel
38
,
43
,
49
,
81
,
82
,
109
,
111
,
145
,
247
Khitfar River/Channel
35
,
38
,
43
,
65
,
80
,
84
,
109
Khitfar Zandana River/Channel
38
,
43
,
81
,
85
,
104
,
107
,
108
,
109
,
240
Khorasan
1
,
25
,
26ill.
,
114
,
118
,
121
,
192
,
211
,
215
,
264
,
266
Khorasan Road
47
,
88
,
102
,
117
,
117ill.
,
121
,
137
,
138ill.
,
144
,
207
Khorezm (Chorasmia)
1
,
24
,
43
,
71
,
134
,
144
,
207
,
262n3
Khorezm Oasis
119ill.
Khorezm Roads
117 –118 119ill.
,
240
Khudjanazarov, M.
78
Khujada (site 0149)
ceramics collection/study
104
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
104
dating/chronology
104
fortification/ramparts
39
,
137
,
139ill.
size/surface
84
,
104
socio-economic connections with bipartite sites
127
,
129
topography
104
,
105ill.
water supply
108
,
109
khum (large storage jars)
234
,
243
,
244
,
249
,
264
,
265
Khunbun (site 0040)
47
ceramics collection/study
82
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
82
dating/chronology
82
fortification/ramparts
137
road network
117
shahrestan
82
size/surface
73
,
82
topography
82
,
86ill.
water supply
108
,
109
Khusanabad
145
Khwansalar (tax collector)
232
kilns
43
,
46ill.
,
191ill.
,
193
,
207
,
267
pottery quarter (Paykend)
Kobadian
262
Koktepe (Samarkand oasis)
263
,
264
Kouldouktou chain
13
Kultobe inscriptions
25
,
39
,
135n40
,
263
Kum Sultan (area, site 0158)
19
,
35
,
118
,
127
Kumijkat (site 0090)
38
,
50
,
73
,
81ill.
fortification/ramparts
137
topography
80
,
82ill.
water supply
109
kurgans (burial mounds)
29
,
263
Kushan Empire/Kushans
24
,
263
,
264
,
265
Kyzyl Kum Desert
1
,
13
,
117
Kyzyl (oblast/province)
27
Kyzyl tepe complex
263
La Vaissière, Étienne de
24
,
195
,
204
Lampel, George
163
,
165
Landsat
13
Landsat 7 ETM+ (satellite image)
5
landscape, evolution and transformation of
4
,
13 –14 16
,
25
,
111
Last Glacial Maximum
14
,
108
,
109
,
240
,
261
Late Neolithic
14
Late Pleistocene-Neolithic
261
L’Institut Méditerranéen de la
Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE,
Aix-Marseille University)
1
Lioubimtseva, E.
13
Louvre Museum
1
,
196
MAFOUB
Lower Kharqan Rud
35
,
109
,
122
,
129
Lukman
118
Lurje, Pavel
146
,
167n8
,
232
Lyonnet, B.
262
,
262n4
MAFOUB (French-Uzbek Archaeological Mission)
4
,
5
,
27
,
55
,
143
14
,
16
,
35
,
126
,
267
Bukhara survey
258
classification of sites
29
Kakishtuvan survey
246
Karmana survey
78
Paykend survey
196
,
204
,
207
Ramish Tepe survey
71
Ramitan survey
62
,
69
,
126
site 0513 survey
91
water network survey
111
,
133
“Maginot Line” (defensive wall)
138ill.
Mamastin (site 0036)
ceramics collection/study
102
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
102
road network
117
size/surface
84
,
102
topography
102
,
103ill.
water supply
86
,
108
,
109
maps/mapping
1893 Soviet geographical map
4
,
6ill.
,
57
,
109 –111 114
1952 Soviet military map
102
1989 Soviet military map
4
,
6ill.
,
10ill.
,
111
,
114
Esri Imagery
4
,
108
,
121
satellite imagery
4
,
5
,
55
,
56ill.
,
111
Maqdisi
118
,
118n27
Margueron, J.-C.
54
Markwart, J.
145
,
232
Marshak, B.
126
,
133
Marzangon (site 0089)
50
ceramics collection/study
85
citadel
84
dating/chronology
85
road network
35
shahrestan
84
size/surface
84
suburb (rabad)
84
,
134
topography
43
,
84
,
93ill.
water supply
43
,
108
,
109
material culture
1 –2 4
,
8
,
29
,
55
,
137
,
143
,
262
,
264
Maury, Charlotte
173
mausoleum of Ali Ramitani (Ramitan)
145
,
146ill.
,
150
,
183
Maxwell-Jones, C.E.
262
Maymanak
118
Maymurgh
118
,
118n27
Mecca
267
Mediterranean civilisations
1
Merv
24
political and economic importance
266
road network
117ill.
,
264
Merv Oasis
25
metal/metal production
135n39
,
204
,
216
methodology
3
,
4 –5 8
,
55
Middle Pleistocene
261
migration
29
,
126
,
134
,
156
,
158
,
207
,
261
,
263n7
,
264
,
265
military activity/inactivity
246
,
263
,
265
,
266
military importance of region
263 –264
military maps
see maps/mapping
military points/outposts/constructions
114
,
125
,
151
,
156
,
158
,
175
,
196
,
204
,
230
,
248
,
266
mills
29
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1
Mirzaakhmedov, Djamal
91
,
195
,
214n12
,
252
Mirzaakhmedov, Siroj
196
Miyankal
118n27
Mongol invasions
50
,
207
,
267
Mongol period
35
Mongolian-Siberian high-pressure system
261
monolithic sites (Shishkin)
27
al-Moqaddasi
145
mosques
86
,
145
,
151
,
174
,
200
,
232
,
252
,
259
,
266
mounds
destruction of archaeological
5
destruction of
5
Mubarek
118
,
121
mud-brick structures
mixed mud-brick/pakhsha
structures
151
,
152
,
170
,
174
,
183
,
188
,
200
,
208
,
231
,
234
,
238
water table affecting
47
,
73
Mughkan (site 0247)
73
ceramics collection/study
82
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
82
dating/chronology
82
depopulation/abandonment
49
size/surface
73
,
82
socio-economic connections with bipartite sites
127
,
129
topography
43
,
82
,
89ill.
water supply
82
,
109
Muhammad ibn Tahir (amir of Khorasan)
232
Mukhamedjanov, A.R.
8
,
204
,
252
Muqaddasi
232
Muslims
266
Narshak Tepe (site 0457)
43
ceramics collection/study
88
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
88
dating/chronology
88
size/surface
84
,
88
topography
88
,
96ill.
water supply
43
,
108
,
109
al-Narshakhi, Mukhammad
66
,
69
,
78
,
85
,
145
,
146
,
232
,
252
NASA, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
5n5
Nasaf
118
,
121
Navoy (oblast/province)
27
Naymark, Alexandr
252
Negri, Alexander Fedorovich
8
Nekrasova, E.
58
,
252
,
258
Neogene reliefs
13
,
38
,
39
,
47
,
262
Neolithic Age
abandonment of sites
14
desiccation
109
,
261
human occupation/settlements
18
,
19
,
20ill.
,
35
,
118
,
262
Nishapur
25
excavations
1
,
215
political and economic importance
266
NōK Mēthan
(inscription)
135n40
nomads
117
,
129
,
135
,
144
,
240
,
263
,
264
The Oasis of Bukhara: Volume 3
8
oasis wall
see Kampir Duval
Obelchenko, O.V.
43
,
47
Old Termez
253
open sites
27
,
29
OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) dating
13
of paleochannels
14
,
19ill.
Oxus (Amu Darya River/Valley)
1
,
13
,
19ill.
,
22
,
24
,
25
,
117
,
118
,
121
,
261
,
266
pakhsa (rammed earth) constructions
230
,
267
baked-brick/pakhsa structures
170
,
254
mud-brick/pakhsa structures
151
,
152
,
170
,
174
,
183
,
188
,
200
,
208
,
231
,
234
,
238
platforms
150
,
151
,
249
ramparts
151
walls
152
,
170
,
183
,
188
,
200
,
208
,
238
,
254
palace complex of Ramitan
see Royal Palace (Ramitan)
paleochannels of Zerafshan River
13
,
18ill.
,
35
,
57ill.
,
143ill.
,
261
1st century BCE-3rd century CE
41ill.
,
42ill.
3rd-1st centuries BCE
40ill.
3rd-8th centuries CE
44ill.
9th-12th centuries
48ill.
13th-14th centuries
51ill.
Bronze Age
14
,
20ill.
generations and dating
14
mapping of
13
,
14ill.
,
15ill.
,
16ill.
Neolithic Age
20ill.
OSL dating
14
,
19ill.
Pamir Valley
24
,
25
,
261
Parthia (country/historical region)
24
Parthians (people)
264
Paykend (site 0095)
21ill.
,
49ill.
,
144
,
206ill.
,
252
204
,
239
Bad-Asija (fortress)
195
bazaar
195
,
206ill.
,
265
caravanserais
204
,
207
,
265 –266
cemetery
207
,
267
ceramics collection/study
59n7
,
195
,
196
,
198
,
200
,
204
,
267
citadel
38n6
,
62
,
63ill.
,
125
,
136ill.
,
194
,
196
,
204
,
205 –206ill. 207
construction structure
196
,
200
dating/chronology
200
stratigraphy
200
,
201ill.
commercial and production areas
134
,
195
,
196
,
204
dating/chronology
14
,
59
,
59n7
,
62ill.
,
195
,
196
,
198
,
200
,
204
depopulation/abandonment
203
,
207
destructions
196
,
198
,
200
,
203
,
216
,
266
earlier surveys/excavations
8
,
195 –196 198
,
200
,
204
,
215
,
215n13
,
230
economic development/importance
204
,
207
,
211
,
265
embankment
217
,
220
,
221
excavations
1
,
29
,
143
,
194
,
204
,
207
illegal excavations
198
,
203
,
213 –214
fireplaces
200
,
203
fortification/ramparts
62
,
136
,
136ill.
,
194ill.
,
195
,
198
,
200
,
204
,
206ill.
,
265
,
266
gates
195
,
196
,
198
Ribat
195 –196 204
,
267
towers
264
geomorphological map
21ill.
kilns
see pottery quarter (Paykend)
military areas
38n6
,
196
,
265
monuments
see dwelling (Paykend); pottery quarter (Paykend)
mosque
200
mounds
194
,
195
,
196
,
198
Neogene geological substrate
196
,
197ill.
,
198
,
200
population density
204
,
207 –208
pottery production/pottery quarter
see pottery quarter (Paykend)
road network/location on trade routes
117
,
118
,
121
,
135
,
144
,
265
shahrestan-1
45ill.
,
63ill.
,
195
,
204
,
205ill.
,
207
,
208
,
208 –209ill. 212 –213ill. 254
,
266
,
267
construction structure
198
,
200
,
213ill.
dating/chronology
43
,
137
,
198
,
208
size/surface
62
,
196
stratigraphy
198 –200 199ill.
dwelling (Paykend)
shahrestan-2
45ill.
,
63ill.
,
195
,
198
,
204
,
207
,
265
construction structure
200
dating/chronology
43
,
200
,
203
dwellings/habitual spaces
203
fork-spoon
203
,
203ill.
size/surface
62
,
196
stratigraphy
200
,
202ill.
size/surface
57
,
58 –59 62
,
158
,
196
,
198
,
207
,
265
stratigraphy
198 –203
Trench A (shahrestan-1)
198 –200 199ill.
,
254
Trench D (citadel)
200
,
201ill.
Trench E (pottery quarter)
216 –230 pottery quarter (Paykend)
Trench F (citadel,
shahrestan-2)
200
,
202ill.
,
203
,
203ill.
suburbs (rabad)
62
,
134
,
196
,
204
,
207
,
265
topography/landscape
59
,
61ill.
,
63ill.
,
194
,
196 –198 197ill.
,
262
urban organisation/evolution of urban plan
203 –207 265
1st century BCE-1st century CE
204
4th century CE
204
6th-7th centuries CE
204
9th-10th centuries CE
204
,
206
water supply/watercourses
47
,
59
,
61
,
62ill.
,
109
canal
107
,
194
,
195
,
196
,
198
,
204
,
207
talweg
107
,
204
wells
266
Persian Gulf
24
Pesku (oblast/province)
27
Petruccioli, A.
252
Pinjan (site 0275)
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
82
dating/chronology
82
size/surface
73
,
82
socio-economic connections with bipartite sites
129
topography
82
,
87ill.
water supply
50
,
109
Pleistocene
13
,
14
,
261
Podushkin, Aleksandr
39
population
current
13
demographic growth;
depopulation/abandonment
porcelain
200
Porto, Elisa
14
pottery quarter (Paykend, Trench E)
204
,
216 –230 218 –219ill. 229
,
265
,
267
ceramics collection/studies
216
,
220
,
222
,
223
,
225
,
226
construction structures
220
,
221
,
223
dating/chronology
62
,
207
,
217
,
230
8th century CE
225
8th-9th centuries CE
225
,
228
9th-10th centuries CE
220 –221 223
,
224
10th century CE
221
,
223
,
225
,
228 –229
10th-11th centuries CE
221
,
223
,
224
11th century CE
229
11th-12th centuries CE
225 –226
13th-14th centuries CE
226
,
228
14th-15th centuries CE
226
,
228
decanting clay basins
220
,
221
,
228
destructions
216
,
220
,
228
,
229
drying basins
223
,
229
dumping areas
220
,
221
,
228
excavations
216
,
225
,
229
geomagnetic survey
216
,
217ill.
kilns
207
,
216
,
220
,
221 –223 224 –226 227ill.
,
228
,
229
,
267
circular kilns
228
location
217
organisation of
228
potter’s wheels and bone axes
220
,
221
,
222
,
222ill.
,
223
,
228 –229
size/surface
216
stratigraphy
216 –217 218 –219ill. 220
,
267
Sector A
220 –221
Sector B
221 –223 222 –223ill.
Sector C
223
,
223ill.
Sector D
224
Sector E
224 –225 224ill.
Sector F
223 –224
Sector I
224ill.
,
225
Sector J
226
Sector K
224ill.
,
225 –226
Sector L
226
pottery/pottery production
3rd-8th centuries CE
47
9th-12th centuries CD
47
,
229
black-slip pottery
46ill.
,
81
,
82
,
126
,
151
,
156
,
158
,
192
,
193
,
242
,
249
,
253
,
262
,
263
,
264
,
265
by Scythian populations
262
(dark)red-slip pottery
83
,
126
,
151
,
156
,
244
,
253
,
263
,
265
,
267
evolution of
264
,
265
,
266
,
267
glazed pottery
125
,
222
,
223
,
225
,
228
,
249
,
266
,
267
grey pottery
264
ishkornaia
266
Islamic
47
large storage jars (khum)
234
,
243
,
244
,
249
,
264
,
265
monochromatic green pottery
266
turquoise opaque glazed pottery
225
,
226
,
267
ceramics collection/studies; pottery quarter
(Paykend)
Prehistorians
261
production/artisanal areas
35
,
43
pottery production; pottery quarter (Paykend);
under individual sites
productivity
265
,
266
Pugachenkova, G.A.
252
Pushemon
232
Qara Kum Desert
1
,
13
,
25
Qarakhanid period
207
,
214
Qarakhanids (Muslim Turkic dynasty)
229
,
266
Qaraqöl (micro-oasis)
13
,
16ill.
,
19
,
21
,
109
caravan stopovers in
117
human occupation/settlements in
14
,
22
,
29
,
121 –122 124ill.
rabad
see suburbs
Raimkulov, Abdisabur
174
Ramish tepe (site 0059)
76ill.
,
266
ceramics collection/study
263
citadel
71
dating/chronology
71
road network
47
shahrestan
71
,
108
size/surface
66
,
71
socio-economic connections with bipartite sites
127
,
129
suburb (rabad)
71
topography
71
,
76ill.
water supply
107
,
109
,
133
Ramitan (city)
50ill.
,
144
62
,
65ill.
,
125
,
145
,
147
,
148
,
154ill.
,
158
,
163
,
172
,
173
,
174
bazaar
145
,
147ill.
,
148
,
151
cemetery
145
,
150
,
156
,
158
,
183
ceramics collection/study
81
,
83
,
126
,
137
,
147
,
151
,
152
,
156
,
158
,
173
,
175
,
192
,
193
,
263
commercial and production/artisanal areas
43
,
134
,
187 –191ill. 192 –193
dating/chronology
47
,
62
,
65
,
65ill.
,
147
,
156
demographic growth
152
,
158
depopulation/abandonment
47
,
148
,
192
,
251
destructions
150
,
151
,
152
,
156
,
173
,
175
,
180
,
192
excavations
1
,
29
,
62
,
143
earlier surveys/excavations
146 –147
fortification/ramparts
55
,
65
,
136
,
137
,
145
,
148
,
150 –151 152
,
156
,
174 –183 264
,
265
,
266
construction structures
151
,
175
corridors
150
,
151
dating/chronology
1st century CE
174
,
174ill.
3th century CE
175
,
176 –182ill. 180
,
183
,
184 –185ill.
eastern fortification
175
,
180
,
181 –182ill. 183
,
184ill.
,
185ill.
gates
158
,
183
,
186ill.
rectangular buildings
172
,
173ill.
soldier room
175
,
178ill.
stratigraphy
150 –151 153ill.
,
174
towers
151
,
156
,
163
,
174
,
175
,
176 –182ill.
180
,
183
,
184ill.
,
264
western fortification
175
,
176 –180ill.
geophysical survey
164ill.
Islamic city
49ill.
,
65
,
65ill.
,
150
,
158
,
173
,
192
,
266
kilns
43
,
46ill.
,
191ill.
,
193
military function
156
,
158
monuments
158
mausoleum of Ali Ramitani
145
,
146ill.
,
150
,
183
pagoda for Chinese princess
146
palace
see Royal Palace (Ramitan)
mosques
145
,
151
,
174
mounds
145
,
147 –150
palace
see Royal Palace (Ramitan)
political role
156
,
258
,
259
,
266
pottery production
174
,
253
,
265
,
267
road network/location on trade routes
47
,
65
,
114
,
118
,
144
shahrestan
45ill.
,
65
,
65ill.
,
84
,
137
,
147 –148ill. 148
,
151 –152 158
,
161ill.
,
173
,
265
,
266
construction structure
152
habitual spaces
152
stratigraphy
151 –152 155ill.
waste dump
152
size/surface
57
,
62
,
65
,
147
,
148
,
150
,
158
,
265
socio-economic connections with bipartite sites
127
,
129
square city
43ill.
,
45ill.
,
65
,
148
,
150 –151 153ill.
,
156
,
158
,
163
,
172
,
174
fortification
175
,
180
,
183
stratigraphy
150 –156
Trench A (square city)
150 –151 153ill.
Trench C (shahrestan)
151 –152 155ill.
Trench F (western suburb)
152
,
156
,
157ill.
suburbs (rabad)
46ill.
,
65
,
65ill.
,
134
,
150
,
158
,
172
,
183
,
266
5th-6th centuries
54
,
183
,
186
,
188
6th-8th centuries
188
,
192
9th-13th centuries
188
,
192
ceramics collection/study
192
construction structure
156
,
183
,
188
fireplaces
183
,
186
,
188
,
192
flooring
192
,
192n10
,
211
,
213
habital spaces
156
,
183
,
186
,
188
,
192
stratigraphy
152
,
156
,
157ill.
streets
183
unwalled suburb
62
,
64ill.
,
65
topography/landscape
64ill.
,
145
,
147 –150 149ill.
toponym
145 –146 146
urban organisation/evolution of urban plan
156
,
158
1st century CE
156
,
159ill.
3rd century CE
156
,
158
,
160ill
3rd-2nd centuries BCE
156
4th century CE
158
,
161 –162ill.
5th-7th centuries CE
158
8th-9th centuries CE
158
,
162ill.
14th-15th centuries CE
172 –173
18th-early 20th centuries CE
172 –173
wall paintings
173
water supply
47
,
65
,
109
,
133
,
145
,
192
water table
156
,
158
Ramitan Kurgan
145
Ramitan (oblast/province)
27
,
39
,
127
Ramitani, Ali, mausoleum of (Ramitan)
145
,
146ill.
,
150
,
183
Ramithan (Ramitan)
145 –146
Ramithana (door/gate in Bukhara)
118
Ramithana (Ramitan)
145
ramparts
see fortification/ramparts
Ramtin (Ramitan)
145
Rapin, Claude
262
Raspopova, V.
126
red-slip pottery
83
,
126
,
151
,
156
,
244
,
253
,
263
,
265
,
267
Rempael, I.I.
252
Ribat of Paykend
195 –196 204
,
267
Rilievi s.r.l.
4
,
5n6
,
174
roads/road networks
13
,
114 –121 115ill.
,
116ill.
,
129
,
132ill.
Bukhara-Samarkand Road
114 –117
Karshi Road
118
,
120ill.
,
121
Khorasan Road
47
,
88
,
102
,
117
,
117ill.
,
121
,
137
,
138ill.
,
144
,
207
Khorezm Roads
117 –118 119ill.
,
240
Rosati, Danilo
54
,
174
Royal Palace (Ramitan)
154ill.
,
158
,
166ill.
altar
167
,
168ill.
architectural structure
158
,
163
,
172
ceramics collection/study
165
clay slab with inscription
167
,
168ill.
,
170
dating/chronology
163
,
170
phase 1: 2nd half of 3rd-early 4th centuries
163
,
165
,
167
,
170
phase 2: 4th-mid 6th century
170 –171
phase 3: mid-6th century destruction
171 –172
phase 4: 14th-15th century occupation
172 –173
phase 5: 18th-early 20th century occupation
174
destructions
163
,
165
,
170
,
171 –172 265
fortification/ramparts
163
,
165
,
170 –171 171ill.
,
172
gates
170 –171
northern building
170
,
171
,
172
podium
168ill.
roof
170
rooms
163
,
165
,
167
,
167 –169ill. 170
,
171
semi-columns
165
,
167
,
169ill.
,
170
silo
171 –172 172ill.
southern building
163
,
165
,
167
,
170
,
171
,
172
Square Room
163
,
165
,
168ill.
,
254
wall paintings
170
,
171
walls (inside)
165
,
167
,
171
Rud-i-Zar (river)
49
,
83
,
84
,
86
,
87
,
89
,
91
,
108
,
109
,
114
,
129
,
231
Russian-Uzbek missions/surveys, Paykend
195
,
196
,
198
,
200
,
204
,
230
Sabz Pushan
215
Sacaraucaes (people)
263
Sahl ibn Ahmad al-Daghuni al-Bukhari
232
St. Petersburg
8
Saka (people)
25
,
262
,
263
,
264
Sakajkas (Iskijkat)
232
salinity
13
,
73
Saʾmani
145
,
232
Samanid Emirate/Samanids
5
,
229
,
266
Samanid period
267
Samanid rampart (Bukhara)
118
Samarkand
215n13
,
262
,
264
artifacts
262
,
263
political and economic importance
266
road network
24
,
35
,
52
,
114
,
117
,
118
,
134
,
137
,
207
Samjan River
232
Sarmato-Alanian populations
264
satellite imagery
4
,
5
,
55
,
56ill.
,
111
,
121
Scerrato, Ilaria
1
Schwarz, Florian
1
,
21n8
,
27n1
,
35n35
,
50n10
,
54n1
,
66
,
117n26
,
129
,
144
,
247
,
252
Scythian populations
262
Scytho-Sarmate groups
264
seismic events
226
,
262
Semenov, G.I.
158
,
207
,
215
,
230
settlements
see human occupation/settlements
Shafrikan (oblast/province)
27
Shafurkam River/Channel
8
,
81
,
107
,
109
,
111
Shagalina, Natalia
196
shahrestan (part of city around
citadel)
27
,
29
,
39
,
45ill.
,
265
under individual sites
Shargh (site 0846)
21n8
,
93ill.
,
231 –232
ceramics collection/study
85
dating/chronology
85
road network
114
size/surface
84
topography
85
water supply
109
Shiji (B. Watson)
24
Shimal-yi Rud
114
Shindo, Yoko
4
Shishkin, V.A.
4
,
8
,
69
,
82
,
111
,
118
,
146 –147 174
,
195
,
252
classification of sites
27
Shishkina, G.
195
,
215n13
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM, NASA)
5n5
Sikidjkas (Iskijkat)
232
Sikijkas (Iskijkat)
232
Silk Road
22 –26 121
,
264
main routes
23ill.
North-eastern Route
25
,
26ill.
Silvi Antonini, C.
8
,
27
,
170
Simon, François-Xavier
216
Sims-Williams, Nicholas
39
Siraf
215
Sishakas (Iskijkat)
232
Site 0003
ceramics collection/study
84
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
84
dating/chronology
84
depopulation
52
fortification
38
road network
114
size/surface
73
,
84
topography
39
,
84
,
91ill.
water supply
38
,
108
,
109
Site 0005
ceramics collection/study
91
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
89
dating/chronology
91
depopulation
50
fortification
38
road network
114
size/surface
84
topography
39
,
89
,
97ill.
water supply
38
,
89
,
108
,
109
Site 0006
98ill.
ceramics collection/study
91
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
91
dating/chronology
91
road network
114
size/surface
84
,
91
topography
91
water supply
91
,
108
,
109
Site 0012
see Khama
Site 0033, fortification/ramparts
137
,
139ill.
Site 0035
ceramics collection/study
86
citadel, shahrestan, suburb (rabad)
86
dating/chronology
86
road network
88
,
117
size/surface
84
,
86
topography
86
water supply
86
,
108
,
109
Site 0039
see Daymun
Site 0040
see Khunbun
Site 0045, citadel, shahrestan
125
Site 0060
127
citadel
125
Site 0133
ceramics collection/study
102
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
102
dating/chronology
102
fortification/ramparts
137
size/surface
84
,
102
topography
102
,
103ill.
water supply
109
Site 0158
see Kum Sultan
Site 0165
122ill.
,
127
citadel, shahrestan
125
fortification/ramparts
121
Site 0190
47
ceramics collection/study
83
citadel
83
dating/chronology
83
depopulation
50
shahrestan
83
size/surface
73
,
83
suburb/rabad
83
,
134
topography
83
,
90ill.
water supply
83
,
108
,
109
Site 0192
ceramics collection/study
104
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
104
dating/chronology
104
size/surface
84
,
104
topography
104
,
105ill.
water supply
109
Site 0216
122
,
127
Site 0231
see Sivanj
Site 0239
see Subbuk tepe
Site 0247
see Mughkan
Site 0250 (bipartite site near Ramitan)
125
,
144
,
247
,
247ill.
,
250ill.
ceramics study
127
,
249
citadel
125
,
247
,
248
construction structure
249
dating/chronology
249
pottery
249
stratigraphy
249
walls
249
well
249
demographic growth
251
dwelling
249
economic development
251
excavations
29
fishing
127
,
247
fortification/ramparts
121
,
122ill.
,
248
military function
248
mounds
247
shahrestan
125
,
247
,
248
,
249
,
251
socio-economic connections with Ramitan
127
,
247
stratigraphy, Trench A (citadel)
249
topography/landscape
247 –248 247 –248ill.
urban organisation/evolution of urban plan
248 –249 249 –251 250ill.
water supply
247 –248 249
Site 0275
see Pinjan
Site 0320
see Kaththa
Site 0330
84
ceramics collection/study
104
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
104
dating/chronology
104
size/surface
84
,
104
topography
104
,
106ill.
water supply
108
,
109
Site 0357
ceramics collection/study
104
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
104
dating/chronology
104
depopulation
49
size/surface
84
,
104
topography
43
,
104
,
106ill.
water supply
108
,
109
Site 0483, citadel, shahrestan
125
Site 0495
100ill.
,
134
ceramics collection/study
99
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
97
dating/chronology
99
size/surface
84
,
97
topography
97
water supply
38
,
108
Site 0513
98ill.
citadel
91
,
125
,
263n6
excavations
91
shahrestan
91
size/surface
84
,
91
suburb (rabad)
91
topography
91
water supply
108
,
109
Site 0518
84
,
91
,
111
ceramics collection/study
97
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
97
dating/chronology
97
depopulation
52
road network
114
size/surface
97
topography
97
,
99ill.
water supply
108
,
109
Site 0531
43
ceramics collection/study
97
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
97
dating/chronology
97
depopulation
49
road network
114
size/surface
84
,
97
topography
97
,
100ill.
water supply
109
Site 0546
see Taytal tepe
Site 0560
73
,
78ill.
ceramics collection/study
73
citadel, shahrestan, and suburb
73
dating/chronology
73
depopulation
50
size/surface
66
water supply
38
,
107
,
109
Site 0566
ceramics collection/study
99
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
99
dating of
99
depopulation
50
size/surface
84
,
99
topography
99
,
101ill.
water supply
108
,
109
Site 0571
abandonment
49
ceramics collection/study
99
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
99
dating/chronology
99
size/surface
84
,
99
topography
99
,
101ill.
water supply
108
,
109
Site 0572
ceramics collection/study
83
citadel
82
dating/chronology
83
depopulation
50
shahrestan
82 –83
size/surface
73
,
82 –83
suburb (rabad)
83
,
134
topography
82
,
90ill.
water supply
109
Site 0577, citadel
125
Site 0609
43
ceramics collection/study
102
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
102
dating/chronology
102
depopulation
49
road network
114
size/surface
84
,
102
topography
102
,
103ill.
Site 0644
see Warka
Site 0896
43
,
84
ceramics collection/study
107
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
107
dating/chronology
107
depopulation
49
size/surface
107
topography
107ill.
water supply
108
,
109
,
111
Site 0941
122
Site 0944
see Barkad
Site 1023
118
Site 1024
121
Site 1025, road network
118
Site 1045
121
Site 1053
117
Site 1057
117
Site 1059
117
Site 1061
117
site catchment analysis
133
sites
28ill.
sites
see human occupation/settlements
Sitnjakovskij, N.S.
8
Sivanj (site 0231)
266
ceramics collection/study
71
,
73
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
71
dating/chronology
71
depopulation
73
size/surface
66
,
71
socio-economic connections with bipartite sites
127
,
129
topography
71
,
77ill.
water supply/irrigation
38
,
73
,
107
,
109
sociopolitical restructuring
265
Sogdia/Sogdiana
25
,
126
,
133
,
262n4
,
263
,
266
evolution of settlements in
39
,
47
,
207
,
264
Islamic conquest of
265
political and military organisation
39
,
263 –264
strategic position on Silk Road
24
,
264
La Sorbonne
1
Soviet expeditions/studies
8
Hermitage Museum; Uzbek-Russian
missions/surveys
SPOT satellite images
5
,
13
,
121
SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, NASA)
5n5
SRTM3 (topographical map, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission,
NASA)
5
SRTM30 (topographical map, Shuttle Radar Topography
Mission, NASA)
5
Stark, Sören
91
,
122n29
,
125
,
137n46
State Artistic-Architectural Museum (Bukhara)
167
storage jars (khum)
234
,
243
,
244
,
249
,
264
,
265
Subbuk tepe (site 0239)
113ill.
,
122
,
125
ceramics collection/study
111
citadel, shahrestan
111
dating/chronology
111
desiccation
111
water supply
111
suburbs (rabad)
29
,
35
,
134
,
265
under individual sites
Sukhareva, O.A.
252
,
259
Suleymanov, R.K.
147
,
170
,
253
Sultanabad River/Channel
35
,
81
,
109
,
129
Surkhan Darya/Surkhandaria
118
,
121
,
263
swamps
19
,
22
,
35
,
55
,
122
,
127
,
231
,
247
,
249
,
261
Syr Darya River
1
,
263
,
264
Tahirids
266
tandoor ovens
186
,
203
,
211
,
214
Tarab channel/watercourse
39
,
104
,
109
,
127
,
145
Tarab (site 0043)
38 –39 127
abandonment
82
ceramics collection/study
82
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
82
dating/chronology
82
excavations
82
fortification/ramparts
137
,
139ill.
size/surface
73
topography
81 –82 85ill.
water supply
81
,
108
,
109
Tardu (prince)
265
Tarim basin
24
,
266
Tavovis (site 0751)
80ill.
,
111
ceramics collection/study
77
citadel
77
dating/chronology
77
depopulation
52
,
266
road network
35
,
77
,
114
shahrestan
77
size/surface
7
,
73
,
77
suburb/rabad
77
,
134
topography
77
,
80
water supply
38
,
77
,
108
,
109
,
111
,
114
Taytal tepe (site 0546)
ceramics collection/study
102
,
114
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
102
dating/chronology
102
depopulation
49
road network
114
size/surface
84
,
102
topography
99
,
102ill.
water supply
108
,
109
Tell el-Faraʾah
133
temperature stagnation
261
tepe
4 –5 27
,
29
human occupation/settlements
Termez
24
,
236
,
263
Termez, Old
253
Thiriot, Jacques
225
Timurid invasions
50
Timurid period/occupation
35
,
54n2
,
207
,
267
Titianos, Maès
24
topographical analysis
54
toponyms
54n1
,
252
Tosi, Maurizio
1
towers
264
under individual sites
trade routes
22
,
24
,
35
,
135
caravanserais/stopovers
25
,
29
,
114
,
117
,
118
,
121
,
204
,
207
eastern Iran to China
25
,
114
,
117
Khorasan Road
see also road network; Silk
Road
trade/commerce
1
,
5
,
133
,
135
,
264
,
267
Transoxiana
114
,
192
,
207
,
215
tripartite cities/sites (sites with three urban
entities)
29
,
54 –55 263
114 –121 115ill.
,
116ill.
autonomy of
133
categories of
see urban categories
ceramics collection/studies
54
dating/chronology
35
demographic growth
134 –135
distribution/territorial organisation of
30ill.
,
33 –34ill. 36ill.
,
55
,
57
,
123ill.
,
124ill.
,
126 –127 129
economic development
133
,
134 –136
evolution of
38 –39 40 –42ill. 43
,
44ill.
,
47
,
48ill.
,
49 –50 51ill.
,
52
,
53ill.
excavations
54
,
55
fortification/ramparts
136 –137 139ill.
geographical location
134 –136
hydrological network
107 –111 110ill.
,
114
,
115 –116ill.
political-administrative organisation/function
129
,
133
production and commercial areas
35
,
38
settlement organisation
108 –109
socio-economic connections with bipartite cities
38
,
39ill.
,
127
,
128ill.
suburbs (rabad)
35
,
134
trade/commerce
133
,
134
,
135
urban development
134 –136
Tronca, Luigi
1
,
129
,
247
,
252
Trudi Gosudarstvennogo Ermitaga (A.B.
Omelcenko)
196
Turkic dynasties, conquest by
265
Turkmenia
24
Turkmenistan
25
,
91
“two levels” sites (Shishkin)
27
Uch Kulakh/Qulak (unique tepe)
8
,
121
altar
170
Umm Jafar
121
unique tepes (sites with unique mound)
29
,
32ill.
,
34ill.
,
121
distribution of
124ill.
in Gijduvan area
35
,
37ill.
,
122
road network
115 –116ill.
water supply
110ill.
,
115 –116ill.
unirrigated lands
108
,
262
University of Naples
8
University of Pierre et Marie Curie
216
Upper Kharqan Rud
66
,
109
,
129
Upper Pleistocene
14
urban agglomerations
54
,
135
bipartite cities/sites; tripartite
cities/sites
urban categories (of tripartite cities)
55
Category 1 (>30 ha)
57 –66 58 –59ill. 68ill.
,
79ill.
,
92ill.
ceramics collection/study
134
dating of cities/settlements
107
,
134
distribution of settlements
134
suburbs (rabad)
107
,
134
water resources
107
Category 2 (10–29 ha)
58ill.
,
66 –73 68ill.
,
79ill.
,
92ill.
ceramics collection/study
134
dating of cities/settlements
107
,
108
,
134
distribution of settlements
134
suburbs (rabad)
134
water resources
107 –108
Category 3 (6–9.9 ha)
58ill.
,
73 –84 79ill.
,
92ill.
dating of cities/settlements
108
distribution of settlements
134
suburbs (rabad)
134
water resources
108
Category 4 (3–5.9 ha)
58ill.
,
84 –107 92ill.
,
108
dating of cities/settlements
108
distribution of settlements
134
suburbs (rabad)
134
water resources
108
urban development, tripartite cities
134 –136
urban topography
54
urbanisation
25
,
35
,
38
,
39
,
43
,
47
,
121
,
126
,
134
,
264
,
265
under individual sites
Uzbek Academy of Sciences
1
Uzbek-Russion missions/surveys, Paykend
195
,
196
,
198
,
200
,
204
,
230
Uzbekistan
13
Varakhsha (site 0069)
5
,
6ill.
,
8
,
27
,
112ill.
ceramics collection/study
129
citadel
69
,
125
dating/chronology
69
depopulation/abandonment
47
,
49
,
129
desiccation
47
,
49
,
129
excavations
69
,
129
fortification/ramparts
55
,
69
,
265
palace
69
road network/location on trade routes
47
,
117
,
118
,
144
shahrestan
69
,
108
size/surface
27n2
,
66
,
69
socio-economic connections with bipartite sites
127
,
129
suburb (rabad)
55
,
69
topography
69
,
73ill.
towers
264
water supply
47
,
107
,
109
,
111
,
133
Vardana (site 0084)
72ill.
,
111
,
129
,
266
ceramics collection/study
67
,
69
citadel
67
dating/chronology
67
,
69
excavations
67
fortification/ramparts
137
shahrestan
67
,
108
,
137
size/surface
66
socio-economic connections with bipartite sites
127
suburb (rabad)
67
topography
67
,
71ill.
water supply
81
,
107
,
109
Vella, Claude
1
Verona University
1
villages
see bipartite cities/sites;
shahrestan
ville (term)
133
Virgil
247
Vobkent (city)
129
,
144
,
266
ceramics collection/study
81
,
134
citadel
80
,
81
commercial/production area
66
dating/chronology
81
shahrestan
66
,
80
size/surface
80 –81
socio-economic connections with bipartite sites
127
suburb (rabad)
66
,
80
surface/size
65
topography
65 –66 66ill.
water supply
80
,
109
Vobkent (oblast/province)
27
,
35
,
52
,
57
Warka (site 0644)
ceramics collection/study
87
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
87
dating/chronology
87
road network
114
,
118
size/surface
84
,
87
topography
87
,
95ill.
water supply
38
,
87
,
108
,
109
Waseda University
4
water channels
28ill.
,
30 –34ill. 36ill.
in Gijduvan area
37ill.
water network
see hydrological network
water resources
transformations of
111
water supply
water supply
4
,
52
,
107 –109 110ill.
,
111
,
114
,
115 –116ill. 261
,
262
,
267
hydrological network; under individual
sites
water-related environmental problems
13
watercourse network
see hydrological network
waterlogging
13
Web-GIS
4
Whitehouse, D.
215
Wilkinson, C.K.
215
Wordsworth, Paul
25
Yakubovskii, A.J.
8
,
195
,
230
Yangimazar
107
,
109
,
204
Yaqut
145
,
232
Zamanbaba settlements
35
Zandana (site 0083)
43
,
94ill.
ceramics collection/study
85
citadel, shahrestan, suburb
(rabad)
85
cloth production
86
dating/chronology
85
size/surface
84
,
85
topography
85
,
94ill.
water supply
85
,
108
,
109
,
266
Zar-i Rud River
99
,
102
,
232
Zarafshan
see Zerafshan
Zarmitan (city)
91
Zerafshan Delta
1
,
2ill.
,
107
,
144
,
267
evolution of landscape
13 –17
transformation of
19
,
261
,
262
water/drainage basin
13
,
15ill.
,
18ill.
,
50
,
52
,
109
Zerafshan Glacier (Tajikistan)
13
Zerafshan River
1
,
2ill.
,
38
,
43
,
107
,
108
,
109
,
114
,
127
,
137
,
204
,
231
evolution/modification of
13
,
19
,
21
,
27
,
107
,
261
geomorphological survey
13
,
18ill.
,
19ill.
paleochannels of
13
,
14 –16ill. 18 –19ill. 35
,
40 –42ill. 44ill.
,
48ill.
,
51ill.
,
53ill.
,
57ill.
,
143ill.
,
261
(periodical) flooding
107
,
204
,
207
,
262
Zerafshan Valley
13
,
14
,
144
,
231
,
263
Zimin, L.A.
8
,
195
,
196
,
198
Zink, Antoine
14
Zipf’s law for cities
135
Zoroastrians
133
,
266