Abbreviations
| ACO | = Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum |
| AASS | = Acta Sanctorum |
| BHG | = Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca |
| BHL | = Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina |
| BS | = Bibliotheca Sanctorum |
| CAG | = Corpus des actes grecs d’Italie du Sud et de Sicile |
| CDB | = Codice Diplomatico Barese |
| CFHB | = Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae |
| CIL | = Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum |
| CISAM | = Centro di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo, Spoleto |
| CJC | = Corpus Juris Civilis |
| CTh | = Codex Theodosianus |
| EI | = Encyclopaedia of Islam, 12 vols., Leiden 1960-2004 |
| IP | = Kehr P. F., Regesta pontificum Romanorum. Italia Pontificia, Rome 1906- |
| Mansi | = G. D. Mansi, Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, Florence 1759- (repr. Paris 1901-27) |
| MGH | = Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Hannover 1826- (AA = Auctores Antiquissimi; Epp. = Epistulae; SS. = Scriptores; SS. Mer. = Scriptores rerum Merowingicarum; SS. Lang. et Ital. = Scriptores rerum Langobardicarum et Italicarum) |
| PBE | = Martindale, J. R. et alii (eds.), Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire (641-867) Online edition available at http://www.pbe.kcl.ac.uk |
| PCBE | = C. Pietri/L. Pietri (eds.), Prosopographie chrétienne du Bas Empire, 2 Prosopographie de l’Italie chrétienne (313-604), 2 vols., Rome 1999-2000 |
| PLRE | = Martindale, J. R. (ed.), The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, III A-B, A.D 527-641, Cambridge 1992 |
| PMBZ | = Lilie R. J. et alii (eds.) Prosopographie der mittel-byzantinischen Zeit, I. Abteilung (641-867), 8 vols., Berlin 1999-2002; II. Abteilung (867-1025), 7 vols., Berlin 2013 |
| PG | = Patrologia cursus completus. Series Graeca, Paris 1857- |
| PL | = Patrologia cursus completus. Series Latina, Paris 1841- |
| ODB | = Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, ed. A. Kazhdan, 3 vols., New York 1991 |
| RIS | = Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, Città di Castello 1900- |