Religion, Globalism, and Dissent in Xi Jinpingâs China

Massimo Introvigne

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Chapter 7 Religion, Globalism, and Dissent in Xi Jinpingâs China

In: Countering the Global

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Massimo Introvigne

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 176â200

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004719064_010

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Abstract

This chapter discusses the impact of Xi Jinpingâs legal and administrative reforms in the field of religion, which also reacted to the globalization of religion and tried to prevent foreign missionary activities in China. All three segments of religion suffered, the âred marketâ including the five state-controlled religions, the âblack marketâ of the groups labeled as xie jiao (âheterodox teachings,â less correctly translated as âevil cultsâ) and banned, and the âgray marketâ of the churches, temples, and mosques technically illegal but sometimes tolerated. Religious movements coming from abroad as an effect of globalization, such as the Jehovahâs Witnesses and Korean Christian churches, were especially targeted. The campaigns against the xie jiao, including Falun Gong and The Church of Almighty God, became more virulent, supported by a new interpretation of Article 300 of the Chinese Criminal Code, making simply being active in a group promoting âheterodox teachingsâ a crime punished with heavy jail penalties. The ban against involving minors in any activity even of the âred marketâ religion was strictly enforced. Steps were continuously taken to eliminate the âgray market,â by either persuading congregations to join the official âred marketâ or destroying places of worship and arresting local leaders. Dissenting Catholic congregations were also eliminated by a combination of police repression and diplomatic agreements with the Vatican. The chapter concludes with a case study of the Life Zen Temple as an example of a movement that went from the âredâ to the âgrayâ and then to the âblackâ market as an effect of Xiâs new attitude to religion.

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Countering the Global

Anti-Global Religion, Global Dissent and Multiple Globalisms

Series:Â International Studies in Religion and Society, Volume: 37

E-Book ISBN:: 9789004719064

Publisher:: Brill

Print Publication Date:: 21 Feb 2025

Subjects
- Religious Studies
- Social Sciences
  - Religion & Society
  - Global Studies

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Chapter 7 Religion, Globalism, and Dissent in Xi Jinpingâs China

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Countering the Global

Anti-Global Religion, Global Dissent and Multiple Globalisms

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Chapter 7 Religion, Globalism, and Dissent in Xi Jinpingâs China