Naáºar, literally âvisionâ, is a unique Arabic-Islamic term/concept that offers an analytical framework for exploring the ways in which Islamic visual culture and aesthetic sensibility have been shaped by common conceptual tools and moral parameters. It intertwines the act of âseeingâ with the act of âreflectingâ, thereby bringing the visual and cognitive functions into a complex relationship. Within the folds of this multifaceted relationship lies an entangled web of religious ideas, moral values, aesthetic preferences, scientific precepts, and socio-cultural understandings that underlie the intricacy of oneâs personal belief. Peering through the lens of naáºar, the studies presented in this volume unravel aspects of these entanglements to provide new understandings of how vision, belief, and perception shape the rich Islamic visual culture.
Contributors: Samer Akkach, James Bennett, Sushma Griffin, Stephen Hirtenstein, Virginia Hooker, Sakina Nomanbhoy, Shaha Parpia, Ellen Philpott-Teo, Wendy M.K. Shaw.
Samer Akkach, Ph.D (1992), FAHA, is Professor of architectural history and theory and Founding Director of the Centre for Asian and Middle Eastern Architecture (CAMEA) at the University of Adelaide. His many works on Islamic intellectual history include ʿIlm: Science, Religion, and Art in Islam (UAP 2019).
Preface Notes to the Reader List of Figures Notes on Contributors
Aperture: Terms, Concepts, and Discourse
âSamer Akkach
1 Naáºar: The Seen, the Unseen, and the Unseeable
âSamer Akkach
2 Naáºar, Subjectivity, and âThe Gazeâ
âWendy M.K. Shaw
part 1: The Eye of the Heart
3 Human Looking, Divine Gaze: Naáºar in Islamic Spirituality
âStephen Hirtenstein
4 Seeing with âThe Eyes of the Heartâ: dhikr and fikr as Sources of Insight in Indonesian Islamic Art
âVirginia Hooker
part 2: The Eye of the Mind
5 Transparency: Ibn Al-Haythamâs ManÄáºir and Visual Perception of Beauty
âEllen Philpott-Teo
6 Veiling: Ibn Al-Qaá¹á¹Änâs AḥkÄm and the Rules Concerning Seeing
âSamer Akkach
part 3: Evil Eye, Talismanic Seeing
7 May the Envierâs Eye be Blind
âSakina Nomanbhoy
8 Talismanic Seeing: The Induction of Power in Indonesian Zoomorphic Art
âJames Bennett
part 4: Gazing Eye, Imaginative Seeing
9 The Artistâs Gaze: Visual Representations of the Mughal Hunting Landscape
âShaha Parpia
10 Vernacular Subjectivity as a Way of Seeing: Visualising Bijapur in NujÅ«m al-Ê¿UlÅ«m and KitÄb-i-Nauras
âSushma Griffin
Index
All interested in Islamic visual culture, art history, intellectual history, cultural history, early modern history, and art and architecture; also in science, religion, and the art, and Southeast Asian art history.