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Psychological Themes in Classical Islamic Literature
A Primary Source Reader
Are you curious about the contributions of the Islamic intellectual heritage to the field of psychology? Psychological Themes in the Classical Islamic Literature provides a captivating window into the rich Islamic scholarly tradition as it pertains specifically to human psychology. This book brings together carefully selected, translated, and annotated segments from classical Islamic texts that address enduring questions in psychology.
Explore topics like the admissibility and validity of diverse sources of knowledge, the nature of the human psyche and human drives, the mind-body problem, nature versus nurture, dreams, emotions, psychological resilience, and well-being. Discover how Islamic scholars tackled these profound issues generations before their Euro-American counterparts, offering a unique and sophisticated perspective that can enrich modern psychological discourse.
Whether a student, scholar, or practitioner, this book is your gateway to appreciating psychology in Islam
Explore topics like the admissibility and validity of diverse sources of knowledge, the nature of the human psyche and human drives, the mind-body problem, nature versus nurture, dreams, emotions, psychological resilience, and well-being. Discover how Islamic scholars tackled these profound issues generations before their Euro-American counterparts, offering a unique and sophisticated perspective that can enrich modern psychological discourse.
Whether a student, scholar, or practitioner, this book is your gateway to appreciating psychology in Islam
Hooman Keshavarzi is a licensed clinical psychologist in the state of Illinois, he holds a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology. He currently serves as the program director for the Masters in Counseling Islamic Psychology Program at Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar, is a visiting professor for Ibn Haldun University, Istanbul, Turkiye, and is the founding director of Khalil Center, a research clinic in the United States.
Khalid Elzamzamy is an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and a faculty member at Khalil Center and the Alkaram Institute. He completed his medical and psychiatric training in Egypt, Qatar, and the USA. He holds an MA in Islamic Studies from Hamad Bin Khalifa University.
Bilal Ali Ansari received his undergraduate education in Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois in Urbana, IL, and in the Applied Behavioral Sciences at National-Louis University in Lisle, IL, where he graduated with a Bachelors in Arts in the field of Applied Behavioral Sciences with a focus on adult learning theory (andragogy). Bilal Ali acquired a traditional Islamic education from the JÄmiÊ¿at al-Ḥasanayn in Faisalabad, Pakistan, where he studied classical Islamic studies.
Aamir Azhar Zaidi serves as an Imam, Khatīb, and administrator at the Windsor Islamic Association in Ontario, Canada. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Arabic and Islamic Studies from the Islamic University of Madinah, as well as a post-graduate chaplaincy diploma issued by the Department of Academics in the Prophet's Mosque (ﷺ).
Khalid Elzamzamy is an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and a faculty member at Khalil Center and the Alkaram Institute. He completed his medical and psychiatric training in Egypt, Qatar, and the USA. He holds an MA in Islamic Studies from Hamad Bin Khalifa University.
Bilal Ali Ansari received his undergraduate education in Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois in Urbana, IL, and in the Applied Behavioral Sciences at National-Louis University in Lisle, IL, where he graduated with a Bachelors in Arts in the field of Applied Behavioral Sciences with a focus on adult learning theory (andragogy). Bilal Ali acquired a traditional Islamic education from the JÄmiÊ¿at al-Ḥasanayn in Faisalabad, Pakistan, where he studied classical Islamic studies.
Aamir Azhar Zaidi serves as an Imam, Khatīb, and administrator at the Windsor Islamic Association in Ontario, Canada. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Arabic and Islamic Studies from the Islamic University of Madinah, as well as a post-graduate chaplaincy diploma issued by the Department of Academics in the Prophet's Mosque (ﷺ).
Contents
Notes on Contributors
Introduction
â1âCentral Objective
â2âContent
â3âApproach
â4âAims and Target Audience
1 Epistemological Themes
â1âSources of Knowledge. Al-KifÄya fÄ« al-HidÄya by Imam NÅ«r al-DÄ«n al-á¹¢ÄbÅ«nÄ« (d. 580 AH/1184 AD)
â2âAll That the Prophet (May Allah Bless Him and Grant Him Peace) Brought from Allah Is Self-Evident (BadÄ«hÄ«). The Letters of Imam RabÄnnÄ« (Al-MaktÅ«bÄt al-RabbÄniyya) by Mujaddid al-Alf al-ThÄnÄ« al-Imam al-RabbanÄ«, Aḥmad al-SirhindÄ« (d. 1033 AH/1624 CE)
2 Ontological Themes
â1âAn Exposition on the Meanings of Nafs, RÅ«h, Ê¿Aql, Qalb and What Is Intended by These Names. The Revival of the Religious Sciences (IḥyÄʾ Ê¿UlÅ«m al-DÄ«n) by Imam AbÅ« ḤÄmid Al-GhazÄlÄ« (d. 505 AH/1111 CE)
â2âThe Nature of the Ê¿Aql and Its Types. Tuḥfat al-MurÄ«d Ê¿alÄ Jawahart al-Tawḥid by IbrÄhÄ«m ibn Muḥammad al-BÄjÅ«rÄ« (d. 1276/1860)
â3âOn Manâs Recognition of the Reality of His Soul and the Spiritual Disclosures of the Sufis regarding It. Knowledge of the Spiritually Learned (Ê¿AwÄrif al-MaÊ¿Ärif) by Imam Shihab al-Din al-SuhrawardÄ« (d. 632 AH/1191 CE)
â4âInherent Faculties of Perception. Al-QÄnÅ«n fÄ« al-Ṭibb (The Canon of Medicine) by Ibn SÄ«na (d. 428 AH/1037 CE)
â5âAn Elucidation of the Malleability of Character Traits through Spiritual Exercises. IḥyÄʾ Ê¿UlÅ«m al-DÄ«n by Imam Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali (d. 1111 AD)
â6âTypes of Insanity (AqsÄm al-JunÅ«n). Durar al-ḤukkÄm Sharḥ Majallat al-AḥkÄm by Imam Ali Haydar Efendi (d. 1380 AH/1960 CE)
3 Cognitive Themes
â1âAn Exposition of Shayá¹Änâs Influence over the Heart through Subtle Whisperings (Waswasa), the Significance of Waswasa, and the Means through Which It Takes Hold [of a Person]. IḥyÄʾ Ê¿UlÅ«m al-DÄ«n by Imam Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali (d. 1111 AD)
â2âAn Introduction to Dream Interpretation (TaÊ¿bÄ«r al-ManÄm). TaÊ¿á¹Ä«r al-AnÄm fÄ« TaââʾbÄ«r al-ManÄm (Dream Interpretation) by Imam Ê¿Abd al-GhanÄ« al-NÄbulsÄ« (d. 1143 AH/1730 CE)
4 Emotional Themes
â1âRepelling Excess Sorrow. Al-Ṭibb al-RuhÄnÄ« (Psycho-Spiritual Medicine) by Imam Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn AbÅ« al-Faraj ibn al-JawzÄ« (d. 597 AH/1184 CE)
â2âThe Station of Grief. MadÄrij al-SÄlikÄ«n Bayn ManÄzil IyyÄka NaÊ¿bud wa-IyyÄka NastaÊ¿Ä«n (Stations of the Seekers) by Imam Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d. 751 AH/1351 CE)
â3âWorry and Sorrow. Al-Hamm wa-l-Ḥazan (Worry and Sorrow) by Imam Ibn AbÄ« al-DunyÄ (d. 281 AH/882 CE)
â4âBetween Fear and Hope. Mukhtaá¹£ar IḥyÄʾ Ê¿UlÅ«m al-DÄ«n by Imam AbÅ« ḤÄmid Muḥammad al-GhazÄlÄ« (d. 505 AH/1111 CE)
â5âAn Exposition on the Essential Nature of Anger. IḥyÄʾ Ê¿UlÅ«m al-DÄ«n (The Revival of Religious Sciences) by Imam AbÅ« ḤÄmid Muḥammad al-GhazÄlÄ« (d. 505 AH/1111 CE)
â6âThe Heartâs Delight. Mufarriḥ al-Nafs (The Heartâs Delight) by Ibn QÄdi Baalbek (d. 650 AH/1256 CE)
5 Behavioral Themes
â1âCharacter Traits: Definitions, Origins, Types, and How to Change Them. Al-ṬarÄ«qa al-Muḥammadiyya wa-l-SÄ«ra al-Aḥmadiyya (The Muhammadan Path) by Imam TaqÄ« al-DÄ«n Muḥammad al-BirgivÄ« (d. 981 AH/1573 CE)
â2âChapter on Waswasa. MirqÄt al-MafÄtīḥ by Mulla Ê¿AlÄ« al-QarÄ« (d. 1014 AH/1620 CE)
6 Themes on General Well-Being
â1âManâs Discovery of His Own Vices. Al-Ṭibb al-RuhÄnÄ« (Psycho-Spiritual Medicine) by AbÅ« Bakr Muḥammad ibn ZakariyÄ al-RÄzÄ« (d. 251 AH/925 CE)
â2âThe Means of Recognizing Oneâs Own Flaws. IḥyÄʾ Ê¿UlÅ«m al-DÄ«n (The Revival of Religious Sciences) by Imam AbÅ« ḤÄmid Muḥammad al-GhazÄlÄ« (d. 505 AH/1111 CE)
â3âThe Need for the Management of the Psyche. Maá¹£Älih al-AbdÄn wa-l-Anfus (Sustenance of the Body and the Psyche) by AbÅ« Zayd al-BalkhÄ« (d. 322 AH/934 CE)
â4âPreservation of the Health of the Psyche. Maá¹£Älih al-AbdÄn wa al-Anfus (Sustenance of the Body and the Psyche) by AbÅ« Zayd al-BalkhÄ« (d. 322 AH/934 CE)
â5âWhen One Loses It: Methods of Restoring Mental Health. Maá¹£Älih al-AbdÄn wa al-Anfus (Sustenance of the Body and the Psyche) by Imam AbÅ« Zayd al-BalkhÄ« (d. 322 AH/934 CE)
â6âExplaining and Enumerating Psychological Symptoms. Maá¹£Älih al-AbdÄn wa-l-Anfus (Sustenance of the Body and the Psyche) by Imam AbÅ« Zayd al-BalkhÄ« (d. 322 AH/934 CE)
Bibliography
Index
Notes on Contributors
Introduction
â1âCentral Objective
â2âContent
â3âApproach
â4âAims and Target Audience
1 Epistemological Themes
â1âSources of Knowledge. Al-KifÄya fÄ« al-HidÄya by Imam NÅ«r al-DÄ«n al-á¹¢ÄbÅ«nÄ« (d. 580 AH/1184 AD)
â2âAll That the Prophet (May Allah Bless Him and Grant Him Peace) Brought from Allah Is Self-Evident (BadÄ«hÄ«). The Letters of Imam RabÄnnÄ« (Al-MaktÅ«bÄt al-RabbÄniyya) by Mujaddid al-Alf al-ThÄnÄ« al-Imam al-RabbanÄ«, Aḥmad al-SirhindÄ« (d. 1033 AH/1624 CE)
2 Ontological Themes
â1âAn Exposition on the Meanings of Nafs, RÅ«h, Ê¿Aql, Qalb and What Is Intended by These Names. The Revival of the Religious Sciences (IḥyÄʾ Ê¿UlÅ«m al-DÄ«n) by Imam AbÅ« ḤÄmid Al-GhazÄlÄ« (d. 505 AH/1111 CE)
â2âThe Nature of the Ê¿Aql and Its Types. Tuḥfat al-MurÄ«d Ê¿alÄ Jawahart al-Tawḥid by IbrÄhÄ«m ibn Muḥammad al-BÄjÅ«rÄ« (d. 1276/1860)
â3âOn Manâs Recognition of the Reality of His Soul and the Spiritual Disclosures of the Sufis regarding It. Knowledge of the Spiritually Learned (Ê¿AwÄrif al-MaÊ¿Ärif) by Imam Shihab al-Din al-SuhrawardÄ« (d. 632 AH/1191 CE)
â4âInherent Faculties of Perception. Al-QÄnÅ«n fÄ« al-Ṭibb (The Canon of Medicine) by Ibn SÄ«na (d. 428 AH/1037 CE)
â5âAn Elucidation of the Malleability of Character Traits through Spiritual Exercises. IḥyÄʾ Ê¿UlÅ«m al-DÄ«n by Imam Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali (d. 1111 AD)
â6âTypes of Insanity (AqsÄm al-JunÅ«n). Durar al-ḤukkÄm Sharḥ Majallat al-AḥkÄm by Imam Ali Haydar Efendi (d. 1380 AH/1960 CE)
3 Cognitive Themes
â1âAn Exposition of Shayá¹Änâs Influence over the Heart through Subtle Whisperings (Waswasa), the Significance of Waswasa, and the Means through Which It Takes Hold [of a Person]. IḥyÄʾ Ê¿UlÅ«m al-DÄ«n by Imam Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali (d. 1111 AD)
â2âAn Introduction to Dream Interpretation (TaÊ¿bÄ«r al-ManÄm). TaÊ¿á¹Ä«r al-AnÄm fÄ« TaââʾbÄ«r al-ManÄm (Dream Interpretation) by Imam Ê¿Abd al-GhanÄ« al-NÄbulsÄ« (d. 1143 AH/1730 CE)
4 Emotional Themes
â1âRepelling Excess Sorrow. Al-Ṭibb al-RuhÄnÄ« (Psycho-Spiritual Medicine) by Imam Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn AbÅ« al-Faraj ibn al-JawzÄ« (d. 597 AH/1184 CE)
â2âThe Station of Grief. MadÄrij al-SÄlikÄ«n Bayn ManÄzil IyyÄka NaÊ¿bud wa-IyyÄka NastaÊ¿Ä«n (Stations of the Seekers) by Imam Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d. 751 AH/1351 CE)
â3âWorry and Sorrow. Al-Hamm wa-l-Ḥazan (Worry and Sorrow) by Imam Ibn AbÄ« al-DunyÄ (d. 281 AH/882 CE)
â4âBetween Fear and Hope. Mukhtaá¹£ar IḥyÄʾ Ê¿UlÅ«m al-DÄ«n by Imam AbÅ« ḤÄmid Muḥammad al-GhazÄlÄ« (d. 505 AH/1111 CE)
â5âAn Exposition on the Essential Nature of Anger. IḥyÄʾ Ê¿UlÅ«m al-DÄ«n (The Revival of Religious Sciences) by Imam AbÅ« ḤÄmid Muḥammad al-GhazÄlÄ« (d. 505 AH/1111 CE)
â6âThe Heartâs Delight. Mufarriḥ al-Nafs (The Heartâs Delight) by Ibn QÄdi Baalbek (d. 650 AH/1256 CE)
5 Behavioral Themes
â1âCharacter Traits: Definitions, Origins, Types, and How to Change Them. Al-ṬarÄ«qa al-Muḥammadiyya wa-l-SÄ«ra al-Aḥmadiyya (The Muhammadan Path) by Imam TaqÄ« al-DÄ«n Muḥammad al-BirgivÄ« (d. 981 AH/1573 CE)
â2âChapter on Waswasa. MirqÄt al-MafÄtīḥ by Mulla Ê¿AlÄ« al-QarÄ« (d. 1014 AH/1620 CE)
6 Themes on General Well-Being
â1âManâs Discovery of His Own Vices. Al-Ṭibb al-RuhÄnÄ« (Psycho-Spiritual Medicine) by AbÅ« Bakr Muḥammad ibn ZakariyÄ al-RÄzÄ« (d. 251 AH/925 CE)
â2âThe Means of Recognizing Oneâs Own Flaws. IḥyÄʾ Ê¿UlÅ«m al-DÄ«n (The Revival of Religious Sciences) by Imam AbÅ« ḤÄmid Muḥammad al-GhazÄlÄ« (d. 505 AH/1111 CE)
â3âThe Need for the Management of the Psyche. Maá¹£Älih al-AbdÄn wa-l-Anfus (Sustenance of the Body and the Psyche) by AbÅ« Zayd al-BalkhÄ« (d. 322 AH/934 CE)
â4âPreservation of the Health of the Psyche. Maá¹£Älih al-AbdÄn wa al-Anfus (Sustenance of the Body and the Psyche) by AbÅ« Zayd al-BalkhÄ« (d. 322 AH/934 CE)
â5âWhen One Loses It: Methods of Restoring Mental Health. Maá¹£Älih al-AbdÄn wa al-Anfus (Sustenance of the Body and the Psyche) by Imam AbÅ« Zayd al-BalkhÄ« (d. 322 AH/934 CE)
â6âExplaining and Enumerating Psychological Symptoms. Maá¹£Älih al-AbdÄn wa-l-Anfus (Sustenance of the Body and the Psyche) by Imam AbÅ« Zayd al-BalkhÄ« (d. 322 AH/934 CE)
Bibliography
Index
This book appeals to undergraduate and postgraduate students, practitioners, and academic libraries in psychology, social and behavioral sciences, and Islamic and religious studies, providing valuable insights into the intersection of psychology and classical Islamic scholarship.