Index
ʿAbdullah Ibn ʿUmar
99n2
Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq
92, 92n5
Abū Jahl ibn Hishām
98
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
77, 80n1, 212n2, 218n, 244n
Ādam
47, 51, 131
Ahl al-sunna wa al-jamaʿa
21, 196
Ali Haydar Efendi
3, 65, 66
accountability (muhāsabah)
70n2, 197, 201, 209–213
acquired knowledge (iktisābī)
9
acquired (kasbī) (c.f. crystallized intelligence)
36
adaptive shame
231n
aggressive drives
81n1, 84
ahliyya (mental competence)
3, 70n2
ʿālam al-ʾamr (divine world)
26n2, 53n
Angel (malak)
77, 82, 83, 84, 85, 95, 96, 97
analogy
15, 30, 144n2, 160, 186n5, 235n2, 246
anger (ghaḍab)
39n2, 62n, 63–65, 150, 152–163, 185–186, 197–198, 235–236, 239, 241, 246, 249, 251–252, 255–257
animalistic soul
46, 47n1, 49
animal or life soul (rūḥ ḥayawānī)
41, 46
anxiety
102, 106, 107, 109n1–2, 110n, 143n4, 236n2, 239, 241, 244n, 250n3, 251, 253, 256n2, 257, 257n1
Applying Islamic Principles to Clinical Mental Health Care: Introducing Traditional Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy
70n1, 84n1, 229n2, 235n2
apathy (khumūd)
162, 185n2, 194
appetitive drives
77, 80, 81, 81n1, 84, 84n2, 85
ʿaql (intellect)
21, 22, 25, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37n3, 38n2, 39n, 40n2, 46n, 48n3, 49, 53n, 70
ʿaraḍ (accident)
31, 37
al-Ashʿarī
6, 29, 33, 145
attachment
106, 107, 108, 108n, 111, 116n1, 117n1, 118n1, 130n1, 132n
automatic thought (khāṭir)
208–209
Ayyūb (prophet)
94
Baghdad
21, 40, 102, 124, 220, 232, 238, 246, 252
badīhī (self-evident truths)
11–18n
al-Bājūrī, Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad
3, 33, 36, 38n5–6, 46n1, 48n3
al-Balkhī
231, 235n1–2–3, 236n1–2, 237n1–2–3, 238, 238n1–2, 242n2–4, 243n, 244n, 246, 249n1–2, 250n1, 251n1–2, 252, 253, 255n1–4, 258n2–3
al-Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī
29n1, 31n2, 145n2, 162n1, 188n5, 189n3, 190, 191n2
behavioral interventions
3, 16
behaviorist
11n5, 12n2, 30n1 63n1, 244n1
al-Bidāya fī Uṣūl al-Dīn
6, 9n1
biological temperamental predispositions
60
blank slate
11n5, 30n1, 63n2
blameworthy
50–52, 117n1, 121n, 130n3, 158, 162, 183, 185–186n5, 192–194, 210–211n3, 222, 231
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
77, 80n1, 106n3, 109n1, 110n, 224n1, 242n4
categories of dreams
86, 94, 94n2, 95, 95n
cerebral cortex
57n3, 58n1, 60n1
certainty (yaqīn)
19, 197
character development
60, 62n, 102, 174, 186n5, 222n, 225, 227, 228n1, 228n3, 255n3
character strengths
189–190n3–5, 222n
character traits (akhlaq)
4, 52, 60, 61, 62, 65, 80, 173
children in dreams
96, 101
cognitive faculty (s)
15, 40, 54, 57, 58, 59, 75, 255n2
cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS)
81n4
cognitive impairments
18
cognitive psychology
56n1, 58n2
cognitive reframing
106n2, 144n2
cognitive theories
111
contentment (riḍā)
110, 123n1, 164, 170, 172
conviction (iʿtiqād)
19, 52, 142, 209, 213
comprehension (quwwa mudrika)
18
context in dream interpretation
87, 93n1, 98, 98n, 101, 101n4
cultural influence on dreams
98, 98n
cowardice (jubn)
65, 158n1, 185n2, 194
critiques of Śramaṇa and Brahmins
11n6–12n3
Danyāl (prophet)
96
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
143n4, 161n, 232, 239, 246, 252, 258n3
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
108n, 244n, 251n2
dār al-ghurūr (realm of delusion)
49
dār al-khulūd (realm of permanence)
49
deceased person in dreams
101
delayed and immediate gratification
81n4, 84, 84n3
delusion (ghurūr)
141, 142
depression
102, 106n1, 143n4, 241, 242, 245, 252, 257, 258, 258n1–2
desires (shahawāt)
31, 47n2, 48n2, 50–51, 54, 84–85, 93n2, 102, 108n, 111, 142, 185, 190–194, 218, 222, 224, 231, 239, 249, 250
despair (qunūṭ)
135, 144, 148
detachment
108n, 111
determination (himma)
49, 195, 198, 209–210, 212, 214
devil (shayṭān)
29, 31, 80, 82, 83, 84, 84n1, 85, 85n, 93, 94, 94n1, 95, 96, 116, 123, 201, 216, 219n1
dimāgh (brain)
39, 49n3
disciple (murīd)
14, 33n, 41, 65, 135, 228
discursive theology (ʿilm al-kalām)
6, 9n1, 34
divine command (ʿālam al-amr)
46, 47, 124
divine deprivation (ighwāʾ wa khidhlān)
82
divine enablement (tawfīq)
82
divinely endowed (ʿāṭāʾī) (c.f. spiritual intelligence)
34, 37
divine manifestation (tajallī)
122
divinity (ilāhiyyāt)
6
dream interpretation (taʿbīr al-manām)
85, 86, 87, 92n3–5, 93n, 94, 94n2, 95n, 96, 98, 98n, 99, 99n2, 100, 100n2, 101, 101n4
dream interpreter
87, 97, 99, 99n2, 100, 101, 101n4
dunyā (material world)
49, 141
al-Dunyā
111, 117n1, 124, 125, 130n3
Egypt
12, 31, 33, 147, 218
empirical knowledge
41
ennobled (sharafī) intellect
37
eternal (qadīm) knowledge
9n1
executive functioning
159n3
existentialists
108n
existential therapy
249n3
exposure
110n, 244n
fear (khawf)
110n, 116, 121, 122, 129n, 134, 135, 141, 143, 143n4, 144, 144n1–2, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 235, 239, 242, 244n, 249, 251n2, 256, 257, 258
fiṭra (innate disposition)
15, 84n2
five senses
77, 80, 172
forensic psychology
66, 67, 70n1
forgiveness (ʿafw)
230n2
Freud, Sigmund
30n1, 86, 87, 258n1
Galen
26n1, 221, 224, 224n2
ghaflah (heedlessness)
151
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid
2, 3, 4, 20n, 21, 22, 26n2, 27n, 30n, 31n, 32n, 37n3, 38n1, 39n2, 40n2, 46n1, 60, 61, 62n, 63n1, 64n2, 77, 80n1–2, 81n3, 82n1, 84n2, 102, 134, 135, 142n1, 143n4, 144n1–3, 152, 153, 157n, 158n2, 159n2–3, 160n, 161n1, 162n3
gnosis
27, 53, 122
good character
50, 60–61, 119, 163, 173, 188–189n3–4, 190n2
Greek
and Hellenistic works
224n1
and Islamic philosophical works
231n
and philosophical works
227n
ideas
224n2;
medicine
235n2
grief (huzn)
102, 105, 106n1, 107, 108, 110, 111, 116, 116n1, 117, 117n1–3, 118, 118n1–3, 119, 119n1, 120, 120n1, 121, 121n, 123, 124, 125, 129, 129n, 130n1–3, 131, 132, 133, 134, 235, 239, 246, 249, 252, 253, 256, 256n1, 257, 258, 258n2
habituation
62–63n, 84n2, 110n, 158–159
hadith
32n1, 37n2, 40, 48n1, 49n3, 51n1, 62n1, 63n1, 93n1, 105, 124, 128n1, 145, 214n1
hāfiẓa (capacity to retain)
59, 60
happiness (surūr)
129n, 130n2, 132, 142n1, 163, 164, 170, 171, 172n2
al-Ḥarawī
111, 119n2, 120, 120n2, 121, 124
hawā (whimsical carnal passion)
49, 190–192, 194, 222
Hawwāʾ (Eve)
47
heart
77, 80, 80n1–2, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 85n, 94, 97
heart (qalb)
20n2, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 37n3, 46n1, 47n2, 49n3, 52, 53, 62, 82n1
hedonism (sharah)
41, 49, 158, 185n2, 190–192
Ḥilyat al-Awliyāʾ wa Tabaqāt al-Aṣfiyāʾ
32n1, 48n1
holistic approaches to knowledge
7, 9n2, 64n1, 83n4
homeostasis
235n2
hope
105–121–134–135–141–142–143–144–144n2–145–146;
in Allah (rajāʾ),
106n1–145–191
hopelessness
106n1, 143, 152
human drives
22, 29, 38n6, 84n2, 174, 184n1
human inclinations
77, 84, 84n2, 85n
humoral medicine
26n1, 144n1
humoral theory
81, 93, 93n2, 95
hypocrite
47, 117n1, 158, 229
ʿibādāt (acts of worship)
22
Ibrāhīm (prophet)
95
ignorance (bilāda)
26, 51, 76, 159, 185n2, 194, 231
Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn (The Revival of the Religious Sciences)
21, 22, 29, 32, 37, 60, 62, 77, 134, 152, 174, 194, 224
ijāza (transmission-certification)
50, 66
ilhām
77, 82, 85, 207n2
illusion of control
243n
imagination (mutakhayyala)
57, 58, 59
Imam ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-Nābulsī
85, 86, 93n2, 94n2, 95n, 98n, 99n1, 100n1
Imam al-Haramayn
21
Imam Ḥasan al-Baṣrī
83
Imam Muḥammad ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī
220
Imam Nūr al-Dīn al-Ṣābūnī
6–9
Imam Taqī al-Dīn al-Birgivī
158n1, 173–197, 243n
inferential (istidlalī) knowledge
11, 58–60
inferential faculty (wahm)
59, 60
innate (gharīzī) (c.f. fluid intelligence)
36
insane person (majnūn)
70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75
insanity (Junūn)
65, 71, 72, 73n2, 74n1, 75
intelligence of the ascetics (ʿaql al-zuhhād) (c.f. inspired intelligence)
37
intermittent insanity (majnūn ghayr muṭbaq)
71, 73n2, 74n1
Interpersonal Therapy
223n3
intuitive knowledge (ẓarūrī)
9–10, 38
irāda (willful intent)
70n2, 120, 120n3, 197, 214
al-Isfahānī, Abū Nuʿaym
32n1, 48n1, 147n2
Islamic Law (sharīʿa)
17n2, 19n1, 76, 185, 194
Islamic spirituality (tasawwuf)
22, 41, 174
istikhāra
122, 122n2, 123, 122n3
Itḥāf al-Sāda al-Muttaqīn bi-Sharḥ Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn
29n1, 32n1
Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq
97
al-Jawzī
102, 106
jealousy (ḥasad)
52, 161, 162
al-Juwaynī, Abu al-Maʿālī Abd al-Mālik
21, 31n1, 38
justice (ʿadāla)
7, 66, 152, 157n, 158n1, 162, 185n1, 188, 194, 195, 197n2, 198, 199, 225, 228n3, 228n4
khabar mutawātir (massively transmitted reports)
10, 118
Kharāʾiṭī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar
29n1
al-Kindī
108n
al-Laqānī, Ibrāhīm
33, 34
Laṭīfa Rabbāniyya Rūḥāniyya (divine, spiritual substance)
26, 46
legal insanity
66, 70n1
legal opinion (fatwā)
66, 72
legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh)
72, 74
madrasa (Islamic seminaries)
21, 66
al-Makkī, Abū Ṭālib
33n2, 83n2
malakūtī (metaphysical realm)
26n2
Maṣālih al-Abdān wa al-Anfus (Sustenance of Body and Soul)
231, 232, 238, 239, 246, 252
Māturīdī theology
6–11n5, 17n2
Mulla ʿAlī al-Qārī
62n, 129n, 200–201, 208n4
meaningless dreams
93n1, 94
metaphysical soul (rūh samāwī ʿulwi)
41
modesty (ḥayāʾ)
197, 198, 209, 213n1
motivation
77, 81, 81n3
muʿāmalāt (Social Aspects of Life)
22
mudhakkira (capacity to recall)
59, 60
Muhammad (prophet)
83, 84, 92, 92n2–5, 93n1, 94, 94n1, 95, 96, 98, 99n2
muhlikāt (destructive actions)
22
al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr
31n2, 50n5
munjiyāt (Actions that lead to ultimate Salvation)
22
al-Nafs al-ammāra bi-l-sūʾ (the self that commands to evil)
19, 20, 31, 48, 52, 190n3
al-Nafs al-lawāmma (the blaming self)
28
al-Nafs al-muṭmainna (the tranquil self)
29
Naqshbandī
14, 33
narrative theory
224n1
nature vs nurture
2, 22
nawawī
22, 212
naẓarī
19, 38
neocortex
58n1
nifāq (hypocrisy)
47, 194, 210, 229, 230n3
nightmares
94, 94n2
non-remittant insanity (junūn muṭbiq)
72, 73, 74, 74n1
obsession (jarbaza)
184, 185n2, 194, 201, 258
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
70n1, 77, 83n4, 201, 212n2, 217n1, 218n, 232, 239, 246, 252, 258n3
origins of dreams
93n2, 94n2
ordinary dreams
94n2, 97n1
Ottoman
65, 66, 71n4, 85, 86, 173, 174, 197n1
panic
235, 236, 239, 242, 252, 255, 256, 257, 258
passing thoughts (khawāṭir)
32, 80n1, 81, 81n2–3, 85n, 207, 208n3, 209n2
patience (sabr)
51, 109, 118n2, 119n1, 194, 196, 198
perception
10–15, 40n2, 41, 46, 53, 56–60, 75, 80, 98, 167, 168n1, 171, 243n
perceptual recall faculty (khayāl)
57, 58, 59
Peterson and Seligman
189n3, 221n, 223n1
positive psychology
190n1, 222n
positivist
30n1
primitive drive
30n1
prophetic dreams
93
prophetic spirituality
174
prophethood (nubuwwāt)
7, 11n2, 15, 18, 101
psychosomatic experiences
160n, 237n3
purity (wuḍūʾ) and righteous dreams
99
al-Qayyim
110, 111, 117n1, 119n1, 122n3, 125, 130n3
Qurʾan
10n1, 32, 40n1
Qūt al-Qulūb fī Muʿāmalat al-Maḥbūb
33n2, 83n2
qabḍ (feeling of constrain)
116n1
radical acceptance
108n
rashness (tahawwur)
51, 185n2
rationality (nuṭq)
184, 185n3
rational soul (nafs nātiqa)
40n2
al-Razi, Fakhr al-Dīn
6, 33, 38n5, 72n2
rectification
225, 228, 230n1, 231
rectify
220, 230.
rectification
reflection
110, 111, 135, 171
regret (taʾassuf)
119, 122n3
remorse
105, 109
repentance (tawbah)
49, 188, 197, 213
repression
30n2
resilience
108n, 109n1, 232, 236n1, 237n1, 239
reviver (mujaddid)
14, 17
RIDA
217n3
righteous dreams (ruʾyā sāliḥa)
92, 94, 95, 99
Rogers, Carl
30n1, 63n1
saʿāda (felicity)
49
sadness
105, 105n1–3, 106, 106n1, 107, 108, 117n1–3, 119, 121, 125, 130n1–2–3, 131, 132, 132n, 133, 157
sane person (ʿāqil)
75
satanic distressing dreams
94
secret (sirr)
53
seeker
110, 111, 116, 120, 120n3, 122, 122n1–3, 123, 141, 225, 228.
disciple
self
awareness
223n3–225–245n-250n4
control
84, 84n3
discipline (mujāhada)
63, 102
improvement
223n3
infatuation
229
monitoring
250
rectification
231
respect
224
scholastic theology (ʿilm al-kalām)
27n2, 33–34, 38n1, 174, 219
Shāfī
33, 38n1–4, 39
shahwa (appetitive drive)
29, 51, 61, 162, 185
shajāʿa (courage)
65, 196, 197
shaqāwa (misfortune)
49
Shaykh (spiritual guide)
38n4, 50, 61, 65, 225, 228n1, 231
Skinner, Burrhus Frederic
30n1
social learning theory
63n1
sorcery-induced dreams
95
sources of knowledge
6–14
sorrow (huzn)
102, 105, 105n3, 106, 106n1, 107, 110, 118, 118n1, 124, 130, 131, 133
speaking animals in dreams
101
spiritual exercises (riyāḍa al-nafs)
50, 60, 62, 63, 187, 247
spiritual illnesses
15, 18–19, 106n2, 228
spiritual path (ṭarīqa)
228n1
spiritual practitioners (Sufis)
222n, 236n2
al-Suhrawardī
39n2, 40, 41, 46n1, 49n1, 53n1, 116
Sunna
32, 92n3, 173, 187, 189, 219
Sunni
17n2, 21, 33, 174, 196
supervision
221, 222n
supervisor
220, 223
supplication (duʿa)
99, 122, 132
survival instincts
58n2, 77, 158n1
survival of the fittest
30n1
Stoic philosophy
108n
symbolism in dreams
87, 92, 95n, 96, 98, 98n, 101, 101n4
tafsīr
46n1
al-Taftāzanī, Saʿd al-Dīn Masʿūd ibn ʿUmar
27n1, 39n1
takhliya and taḥliya
190
Taʿṭīr al-Anām fī Taʾbīr al-Manām
85
taʾwīl
10n1, 46n1
tazkiya (purification)
19–20, 64, 192, 200
temperance (ʿiffa)
185, 197–198
temporal knowledge (ḥādith)
9
theologians (mutakallimīn)
17n2, 33n1, 34, 38n6, 39n1–2, 213n1, 228n4
therapeutic alliance
220
thought-action theory
77, 81n3
al-Tibb al-Rūḥānī
102, 220, 225
tranquility (iṭmiʾnān)
20, 29n2, 52, 95, 171n2, 210
trauma-induced dreams
95
tripartite classification of dreams
94
true dreams (ruʾyā sādiqa)
92n2, 93n1, 94n2, 95, 95n, 97, 97n1, 99, 99n1, 100n1
true reports
9–12
Tuḥfat al-Murīd ʿalā Jawahart al-Tawḥīd
33, 36
al-Tustarī, Salh
33n1
Umm al-Faḍl
98
valor (shujāʿa)
185n3, 197, 198
vices and virtues
53, 102, 129n, 143, 173, 174, 185–186, 189–190, 194–200, 209, 211n3, 213n1–2, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 227, 227n, 229, 255, 255n3
waswasa (intrusive thoughts)
77, 80, 81n3, 82, 200–201, 206–207, 212, 215–219, 258
well-being
220, 223n3, 235, 239, 241, 242, 243n, 245, 249, 250n4, 253, 256
wisdom (ḥikma)
96, 105, 108n, 171n2, 184–185n3, 195–197, 238n2
wishful thinking (tamannī)
142, 191
worry (hamm)
110n, 116, 117, 119, 124, 129n, 130, 130n1, 131, 133, 146
wujūd (entity)
31
Yūsuf (prophet)
86, 93, 96, 100, 100n1
al-Zabīdī, al-Sharīf Muḥammad
29, 32
zuhd (asceticism)
37, 196
al-Zuhd al-Kabīr
29n1, 32n1