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The Dynamic Lexicon of English
A Socio-Cognitive Approach towards Loan Processes and Their Linguistic Effects
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The open access publication of this book has been published with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation.
This study investigates the interrelation between use, meaning and the mind as a central issue of contact-induced linguistic variation and change, using the influence of French, Spanish, German and Yiddish on English as case studies. It relies on innovative methodological approaches, including the use of an integrative, socio-cognitive model of the dynamic lexicon, to describe borrowing processes and their linguistic outcomes. The multitude of socio-cultural contexts relevant to the introduction of the various borrowings since the nineteenth century has been reconstructed. This implies the identification of borrowings reflecting connections of linguistic features and culturally embedded attitudes. Taking the effects of cognitive and social factors on conventionalization and entrenchment processes into account, this study makes an original contribution to existing research.
This study investigates the interrelation between use, meaning and the mind as a central issue of contact-induced linguistic variation and change, using the influence of French, Spanish, German and Yiddish on English as case studies. It relies on innovative methodological approaches, including the use of an integrative, socio-cognitive model of the dynamic lexicon, to describe borrowing processes and their linguistic outcomes. The multitude of socio-cultural contexts relevant to the introduction of the various borrowings since the nineteenth century has been reconstructed. This implies the identification of borrowings reflecting connections of linguistic features and culturally embedded attitudes. Taking the effects of cognitive and social factors on conventionalization and entrenchment processes into account, this study makes an original contribution to existing research.
Julia Landmann is a lecturer in English Linguistics at the University of Basel. In 2022, she completed her habilitation at Heidelberg University. Her publications are related to lexicology, phraseology, historical semantics, language contact and the relationship between language and emotion.
List of Figures
Symbols and Abbreviations
Introduction
1 State Of The Art: The Influence of French, German, Spanish and Yiddish on the English Lexicon Since 1801
â1âLexical Borrowing from French Since 1801
â2âLexical Borrowing from German Since 1801
â3âLexical Borrowing from Spanish Since 1801
â4âLexical Borrowing from Yiddish Since 1801
2 Methodology, Data and Terminology
â1âMethodology
â2âData
â3âTerminology
3 Semantic Fields of French, German, Spanish and Yiddish Borrowings: Their Distribution, Development and Rich Cultural Context
â1âSemantic Fields Influenced by French Since 1801
â2âSemantic Fields Influenced by German Since 1801
â3âSemantic Fields Influenced by Spanish Since 1801
â4âSemantic Fields Influenced by Yiddish Since 1801
4 The Morphological Development of Fairly Common Borrowings
â1âCompounding
â2âAffixation
â3âConversion
â4âBack-Formation
â5âClipping
â6âBlending
â7âSummary
5 The Semantic Development of Fairly Common Borrowings
â1âNew Concepts (the Need for a New Designation)
â2âAbstract Concepts, Distant and Usually Invisible Referents
â3âSociocultural Change
â4âClose Conceptual or Factual Relation
â5âComplexity and Irregularity in the Lexicon
â6âEmotionally Marked Concepts
â7âSummary
6 The Contextual Use of Borrowings with a Specific Focus on Informal Language Including Social Media
â1âPursuit of Prestige and Social Estimation
â2ââMessagesâ Conveyed by Foreign-Derived Brand Names
â3âSocio-cultural Attitudes and Values
â4âSocio-cultural Reservations, Prejudice and Stereotypes
â5âSensationalism
â6âIndication of Ethnic Identity and Group Affiliation
â7âVividness and Variation of Expression in Informal Usage or Slang
â8âCrudity of Expression in Informal Usage or Slang
â9âSummary
7 Summary and Conclusion
â1âThe Chronological Distribution of Fairly Common French, German, Spanish and Yiddish Borrowings Since 1801
â2âSchmidâs Entrenchment- and Conventionalization Model in the Light of Loan Processes
Appendix A
Appendix B
Bibliography
Index
Symbols and Abbreviations
Introduction
1 State Of The Art: The Influence of French, German, Spanish and Yiddish on the English Lexicon Since 1801
â1âLexical Borrowing from French Since 1801
â2âLexical Borrowing from German Since 1801
â3âLexical Borrowing from Spanish Since 1801
â4âLexical Borrowing from Yiddish Since 1801
2 Methodology, Data and Terminology
â1âMethodology
â2âData
â3âTerminology
3 Semantic Fields of French, German, Spanish and Yiddish Borrowings: Their Distribution, Development and Rich Cultural Context
â1âSemantic Fields Influenced by French Since 1801
â2âSemantic Fields Influenced by German Since 1801
â3âSemantic Fields Influenced by Spanish Since 1801
â4âSemantic Fields Influenced by Yiddish Since 1801
4 The Morphological Development of Fairly Common Borrowings
â1âCompounding
â2âAffixation
â3âConversion
â4âBack-Formation
â5âClipping
â6âBlending
â7âSummary
5 The Semantic Development of Fairly Common Borrowings
â1âNew Concepts (the Need for a New Designation)
â2âAbstract Concepts, Distant and Usually Invisible Referents
â3âSociocultural Change
â4âClose Conceptual or Factual Relation
â5âComplexity and Irregularity in the Lexicon
â6âEmotionally Marked Concepts
â7âSummary
6 The Contextual Use of Borrowings with a Specific Focus on Informal Language Including Social Media
â1âPursuit of Prestige and Social Estimation
â2ââMessagesâ Conveyed by Foreign-Derived Brand Names
â3âSocio-cultural Attitudes and Values
â4âSocio-cultural Reservations, Prejudice and Stereotypes
â5âSensationalism
â6âIndication of Ethnic Identity and Group Affiliation
â7âVividness and Variation of Expression in Informal Usage or Slang
â8âCrudity of Expression in Informal Usage or Slang
â9âSummary
7 Summary and Conclusion
â1âThe Chronological Distribution of Fairly Common French, German, Spanish and Yiddish Borrowings Since 1801
â2âSchmidâs Entrenchment- and Conventionalization Model in the Light of Loan Processes
Appendix A
Appendix B
Bibliography
Index
Professionals, researchers and advanced students interested in lexicology, language contact, sociolinguistics, cognitive linguistics, and the use of online dictionaries and corpora in lexicological research might find this study illuminating.