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Europe from Below
Notions of Europe and the European among Participants in EU Cultural Initiatives
ä¸ç¼ï¼- European Studies, å·ï¼ 38
- European Studies, å·ï¼ 38
In this book, Tuuli Lähdesmäki, Katja Mäkinen, Viktorija L. A. Äeginskas, and Sigrid Kaasik-Krogerus scrutinize how people who participate in cultural initiatives funded and governed by the European Union understand the idea of Europe. The book focuses on three cultural initiatives: the European Capital of Culture, the European Heritage Label, and a European Citizen Campus project funded through the Creative Europe programme. These initiatives are examined through field studies conducted in 12 countries between 2010 and 2018. The authors describe their approach as âethnography of Europeanizationâ and conceptualize the attempts at Europeanization in the European Unionâs cultural policy as politics of belonging.
Tuuli Lähdesmäki, PhD in Art History (2007), University of Jyväskylä, and DSocSc in Sociology (2014), University of Eastern Finland, is an Associate Professor at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. She has led research projects and published studies on EU cultural, urban, and heritage initiatives and policies.
Katja Mäkinen, PhD in Political Science (2012), University of Jyväskylä, is a Senior Researcher at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Her research focuses on citizenship, participation, identities, cultural heritage, and a conceptual approach to analysing EU programmes.
Viktorija L. A. Äeginskas, PhD in Cultural Heritage Studies (2016), University of Turku, is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Her research focuses on narratives of (multilingual) belonging and transnational mobility in a European context, identity politics, and cultural heritage.
Sigrid Kaasik-Krogerus, DSocSc in Media and Communication Studies (2016), University of Helsinki, is a Lecturer at the University of Helsinki, Finland. She specializes in media and communication, identity, critical geopolitics, and European studies in the EU context.
Katja Mäkinen, PhD in Political Science (2012), University of Jyväskylä, is a Senior Researcher at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Her research focuses on citizenship, participation, identities, cultural heritage, and a conceptual approach to analysing EU programmes.
Viktorija L. A. Äeginskas, PhD in Cultural Heritage Studies (2016), University of Turku, is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Her research focuses on narratives of (multilingual) belonging and transnational mobility in a European context, identity politics, and cultural heritage.
Sigrid Kaasik-Krogerus, DSocSc in Media and Communication Studies (2016), University of Helsinki, is a Lecturer at the University of Helsinki, Finland. She specializes in media and communication, identity, critical geopolitics, and European studies in the EU context.
'How ordinary EU citizens understand and connect with the idea of Europe has long been something of a black box in research. Drawing on an ethnographic approach, this book makes an important and timely contribution to debates on Europe from below. By analysing the meanings that visitors at EU-funded cultural events give to Europe and the European, it provides valuable insights into cultural Europeanisation and the politics of belonging.'
- Cris Shore, Professor of Social Anthropology, Goldsmiths University of London
'The authors highlight key issues and concerns shaping peopleâs conceptions of Europe and point to the tension between diversity being seen as preventing a European identity while also considered core to it, acknowledging mobility as both âan answer and a challenge to politics of belongingâ. In doing so from an insightful interdisciplinary perspective, they are diagnosing a major issue for future research across the broad field of European Studies.'
- Ullrich Kockel, Professor of Cultural Ecology and Sustainability, Heriot-Watt University
'âEurope from belowâ is at least as relevant and much less recognized than institutional Europe; this book is a great companion to effectively grasp cultural Europeanization in its diverse manifestations. An important contribution to scholarship on European cultural identity and policies.'
- Monica Sassatelli, Associate Professor of Sociology of Culture and Communication, Università di Bologna
'We speak more than ever about identity politics. This book will be the most authoritative study of the European Unionâs effort to provide European citizens with a European identity through its cultural policies. With its ethnographic approach, the book takes us beyond the top-down policy studies and analyse the many different ideas of Europe expressed by ordinary citizens.'
- Jan Ifversen, Associate Professor of European Studies, Aarhus University
- Cris Shore, Professor of Social Anthropology, Goldsmiths University of London
'The authors highlight key issues and concerns shaping peopleâs conceptions of Europe and point to the tension between diversity being seen as preventing a European identity while also considered core to it, acknowledging mobility as both âan answer and a challenge to politics of belongingâ. In doing so from an insightful interdisciplinary perspective, they are diagnosing a major issue for future research across the broad field of European Studies.'
- Ullrich Kockel, Professor of Cultural Ecology and Sustainability, Heriot-Watt University
'âEurope from belowâ is at least as relevant and much less recognized than institutional Europe; this book is a great companion to effectively grasp cultural Europeanization in its diverse manifestations. An important contribution to scholarship on European cultural identity and policies.'
- Monica Sassatelli, Associate Professor of Sociology of Culture and Communication, Università di Bologna
'We speak more than ever about identity politics. This book will be the most authoritative study of the European Unionâs effort to provide European citizens with a European identity through its cultural policies. With its ethnographic approach, the book takes us beyond the top-down policy studies and analyse the many different ideas of Europe expressed by ordinary citizens.'
- Jan Ifversen, Associate Professor of European Studies, Aarhus University
Preface
List of Figures and Tables
Notes on Contributors
1 Introduction: Europe from Below
â1 Constructing the EU as a Cultural Community
â2 EU Cultural Initiatives â Often Approached from Above
â3 Three Cases: The European Capital of Culture, European Citizen Campus, and European Heritage Label
â4 Previous Discussions on the Idea of Europe
â5 The Analysis of Europe and the âEuropeanâ in this Book
2 Politics of Belonging: Concepts and Method
â1 Politics of Belonging as an Intersectional Approach
â2 Interrelation between Belonging, Identity, Culture, Citizenship, and Participation
â3 Ethnography of Europeanization
3 EU Cultural Policy: Europe from Above
â1 Focus on Two Agendas
â2 Development of the EUâs Cultural Policy and Initiatives
â3 The Identity-Building Agenda in EU Cultural Policy
â4 The Participatory Agenda in the EU Cultural Policy
4 Case 1: The European Capital of Culture
â1 From the Policy Discourse to the Implementation and Reception
â2 Manifestations of the âEuropeanâ in the Offfijicial Discourse of Pécs2010, Tallinn2011, and Turku2011
â3 Experiencing Europe during the Field Research in the Case ECOCs
â4 Construction of Europeanness among ECOC Audiences
â5 Conclusions: Belonging to Europe through the Everyday
5 Case 2: The European Citizen Campus
â1 Citizenship through Art
â2 Collecting Data and Conducting Field Research in the ECC Project
â3 âA Sense of European Identityâ: Constructions of Europe in the Meso-level ECC Discourse
â4 âThat Would Really Be Europeâ: Europe Perceived by Project Participants
â5 âNormal to Feel Europeanâ: Transnational Mobility and Interaction
â6 Citizenship as an Element of European Belonging
â7 Conclusions: EU Projects as Politics of Belonging
6 Case 3: The European Heritage Label
â1 The Construction of Europe in the European Heritage Label at the Macro and Meso Levels
â2 Analyzing Europe from Below in the EHL Action: Research Data and Methods
â3 Europe of People: Europe Starts with You
â4 Europe of Nations: Europe Starts Here
â5 Belonging to Europe: From Purposeful Vision to Banal Normality
â6 Conclusions: United in Plural Europes
7 Cross Analysis of the Case Studies
â1 Bringing the Case Studies Together
â2 The Impact of Social Locations and the Research Setting on Notions of Europe
8 Conclusions: Europeâs Lived Space
â1 Constructing Europe from Below
â2 Two Narratives of Europe
â3 Europe in the Making: Multilevel Dynamics of Europeanization
â4 Mobility: An Answer and a Challenge to Politics of Belonging
â5 Belonging and the Social Dimension of Europe
â6 The EUâs Politics of Belonging: Opportunities for the Future
Annexes
Index
List of Figures and Tables
Notes on Contributors
1 Introduction: Europe from Below
â1 Constructing the EU as a Cultural Community
â2 EU Cultural Initiatives â Often Approached from Above
â3 Three Cases: The European Capital of Culture, European Citizen Campus, and European Heritage Label
â4 Previous Discussions on the Idea of Europe
â5 The Analysis of Europe and the âEuropeanâ in this Book
2 Politics of Belonging: Concepts and Method
â1 Politics of Belonging as an Intersectional Approach
â2 Interrelation between Belonging, Identity, Culture, Citizenship, and Participation
â3 Ethnography of Europeanization
3 EU Cultural Policy: Europe from Above
â1 Focus on Two Agendas
â2 Development of the EUâs Cultural Policy and Initiatives
â3 The Identity-Building Agenda in EU Cultural Policy
â4 The Participatory Agenda in the EU Cultural Policy
4 Case 1: The European Capital of Culture
â1 From the Policy Discourse to the Implementation and Reception
â2 Manifestations of the âEuropeanâ in the Offfijicial Discourse of Pécs2010, Tallinn2011, and Turku2011
â3 Experiencing Europe during the Field Research in the Case ECOCs
â4 Construction of Europeanness among ECOC Audiences
â5 Conclusions: Belonging to Europe through the Everyday
5 Case 2: The European Citizen Campus
â1 Citizenship through Art
â2 Collecting Data and Conducting Field Research in the ECC Project
â3 âA Sense of European Identityâ: Constructions of Europe in the Meso-level ECC Discourse
â4 âThat Would Really Be Europeâ: Europe Perceived by Project Participants
â5 âNormal to Feel Europeanâ: Transnational Mobility and Interaction
â6 Citizenship as an Element of European Belonging
â7 Conclusions: EU Projects as Politics of Belonging
6 Case 3: The European Heritage Label
â1 The Construction of Europe in the European Heritage Label at the Macro and Meso Levels
â2 Analyzing Europe from Below in the EHL Action: Research Data and Methods
â3 Europe of People: Europe Starts with You
â4 Europe of Nations: Europe Starts Here
â5 Belonging to Europe: From Purposeful Vision to Banal Normality
â6 Conclusions: United in Plural Europes
7 Cross Analysis of the Case Studies
â1 Bringing the Case Studies Together
â2 The Impact of Social Locations and the Research Setting on Notions of Europe
8 Conclusions: Europeâs Lived Space
â1 Constructing Europe from Below
â2 Two Narratives of Europe
â3 Europe in the Making: Multilevel Dynamics of Europeanization
â4 Mobility: An Answer and a Challenge to Politics of Belonging
â5 Belonging and the Social Dimension of Europe
â6 The EUâs Politics of Belonging: Opportunities for the Future
Annexes
Index
Students, scholars, cultural policy administrators, cultural managers, heritage practitioners, and policy-makers interested in EU cultural and heritage policy and their implementation at the local level.