Syrian Refugees in Jordan and Mental Health

Alean Al-Krenawi, Ph.D., is an accomplished academic and researcher who has held several leadership roles in various universities worldwide. He currently serves as the Dean and Professor at the Faculty of Humanities, Social Science, and Cross-Cultural Studies at Algoma University in Ontario, Canada.

Preface
Acknowledgment
List of Figures and Tables

1 Introduction

2 Refugees
 1 Refugees—A Global Perspective
 2 The Syrian Refugee Crisis
 3 Refugee Experiences
 4 Refugee Coping Strategies
 5 The Economic Cost of Refugees
 6 The Social Cost of Refugees
 7 Refugees’ Strain on Public Services
 8 Refugee Shelter and Housing
 9 Refugee Camps
 10 Employment among Refugees
 11 Early and Forced Marriage
 12 Refugee Child Labor

3 The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
 1 Living Conditions in Jordan
 2 Syrian Refugees in Jordan
 3 Refugee Living Conditions in Jordan
 4 Healthcare for Syrian Refugees
 5 Refugee Camps in Jordan
 6 Al Zaʾatari Refugee Camp
 7 The Ministries and NGO s Combating the Syrian Refugee Crisis
 8 UNHCR Involvement in the Syrian Refugee Crisis
 9 Jordanian Plan for the Syrian Refugee Crisis in 2015, 2016–2018
 10 Economic Implications of the Syrian Refugee Crisis on the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

4 Human Rights and Refugees
 1 Human Rights in General
 2 Human Rights and Refugees
 3 Violations of Human Rights & Refugees
 4 The Human Right to Healthcare
 5 Refugee Healthcare
 6 Healthcare Access and Health Concerns among Refugees Living in Camps
 7 Mental Health Services in Jordan Provided by local and International NGO s
 8 Welfare Support & Accommodations
 9 The Human Right to Education
 10 Human Rights Violations against Refugee Children
 11 The Human Rights Violation of Child Marriage
 12 The Human Rights Violations of Child Labor
 13 The Violation of Human Rights by Violence & Social Conflict
 14 Gender-Based Violence
 15 Sexual Violence amongst Syrian Refugees

5 The Psychosocial Impact of Refuge and Migration on Refugees
 1 Vulnerability to Mental Health Problems among Refugees
 2 Migration Journey
 3 Stages of Migration
 4 Psychosocial Impacts
 5 Mental Health Disorders and Psychosocial Distress
 6 PTSD and Social Support
 7 Conceptualization of Trauma in the Arab World
 8 PTSD Terminology in the Arab World
 9 Depression
 10 Acculturation among Refugees
 11 Religion and Mental Health
 12 Gender Differences
 13 The Syrian Refugee Crisis and Its Psychosocial Impact
 14 Crime Rates among Refugees
 15 Syrian Refugee Family Characteristics
 16 Refugee Family Functioning
 17 Poverty among Refugees
 18 The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Refugees
 19 The Psychosocial Impact of Refuge on Adolescents
 20 Syrian Refugee Adolescents
 21 Adolescents’ Coping Strategies

6 Methodology
 1 Study Parts
 2 Part One
 3 Part Two: Culturally Sensitive Mental Health Practices and Art Therapy
 4 Part Three: Psychosocial Gender Differences among Syrian Refugee Adolescents in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

7 Findings and Discussion
 1 The Objectives of the Workshop/Training Program on Culturally Sensitive Mental Health Practices
 2 Topics Included and Covered in the Workshop/Training Program
 3 Characteristics of Arab-Muslim Cultures
 4 Patriarchy and Gender Roles
 5 Differences in Psychosocial Orientation in Arab Societies
 6 Cultural Competence
 7 Levels of Cultural Competency
 8 Using the Iceberg Model Analogy
 9 Cultural Empathy
 10 Factors and Attitudes Affecting Help-Seeking in Arab Societies
 11 A Collaborative Approach
 12 Models of Help-Seeking Processes and Strategies among Arab-Muslim People
 13 The Art Therapy Workshop/Training Program
 14 Quantitative Study: Gender Differences on the Psychosocial Impact among Syrian Refugee Adolescents

8 Integrating Cultural and Religious Components in Mental Health Practice: Implications for Practice with Arab-Muslim Refugees
 1 The Refugee Problem
 2 Syrian Culture: Diversity, Religion and Language
 3 Syrian Refugees at Risk
 4 Forced Displacement
 5 Politics and Mental Health
 6 Addressing Syrian Refugees’ Mental Health
 7 Culturally Responsive Practice
 8 Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention
 9 Culturally Modified Trauma-Focused Treatment
 10 Adapted Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Special Populations
 11 Barriers to Mental Healthcare Facing Refugees
 12 Improving Mental Health Interventions for Refugees
 13 E-Mental Health Interventions
 14 Multi-component PM+ and Related Programs
 15 The STRENGTHS Program
 16 Biopsychosocial Model Approach for Non-Western Populations
 17 Psychological versus Metaphoric Language
 18 Family Therapy with Arab-Muslim Families
 19 Key Issues When Working with Arab-Muslim Families
 20 Religion as a Coping Strategy
 21 Islamic Principles in Treatment with Muslim Clients
 22 Treatment Approaches with Arab Communities
 23 Resettlement Interventions
 24 Difficulties in Treatment
 25 Conclusions

9 Conclusion
 1 Introduction
 2 Underutilization of Mental Health Services by the Syrian Refugees
 3 Social Work Perspective and Refugees
 4 Culturally Appropriate Intervention
 5 Recommendations for Mental Health Practitioners Working with Syrian Refugees

References
Index

This book will be useful for students from helping professions, such as social work, psychology, mental health programs, indigenous studies, gender studies and psychiatry. This manuscript will be effective use for mental health practitioners who work with people from the Middle East refugees and other refugees.