Index of Topics, Terms, and Book Titles
This index has been prepared to reflect the numerous languages and traditions presented within this volume. Common terms are presented with variations in spelling (ahl al-bayt/ehl-i beyt; tekke/tekye) along with definitions.
abdal (wandering saint)
126–128, 257.
Abdals of Rum; Pir Sultan Abdal
Abdals of Rum
250, 255, 257, 258, 258n38, 258n39, 265, 316
administration
150n6, 156, 213, 227, 343, 344, 371, 372, 374, 377, 378, 381, 403, 424
agriculture
301, 321, 322, 326, 368, 370, 371, 373, 377, 378, 383
Ağuiçen ocak
259n45, 265n8
ahl al-bayt/ehl-i beyt (members of the family of the Prophet Muhammad)
5, 161, 165n57, 306, 459, 489, 490, 499n26
Ahura Mazda (the creator and highest deity of Zoroastrianism)
345
akhi (lit. brother; member of a chivalric trade association)
224n14, 227, 227n25, 251n12, 258, 305n10
ʿAlawis
9n27, 12, 25, 301n, 457–474, 479, 481–485
Alevis
13, 20–22, 249–256, 259, 260, 264–266, 268, 269, 301–330, 301n1, 302n3, 304n7, 306n11–13, 308n17, 316n44, 322n72.
cem; cemevi; dede; ocak
Alevi lineage
.
see ocak
Almohads
72
amulet
280, 355, 443, 454.
taʾwiz
antinomian
4, 11n36, 121, 124, 143.
Madariyya; malang; Qalandar/Qalandariyya
Arab Muslim immigrants
457, 457n1–2, 459n12, 461, 464, 469n33, 471, 475, 480, 484
architecture
2, 3, 6, 6n19, 14, 20–22.
dome; facade; iwan; mihrab; monument; portal; threshold; tomb; shrine; sofa; window
Armenians
343, 344, 348
ʿAshuraʾ
345, 499, 499n28
asitane (shrine complex)
251, 252, 252n15
aşik (bard)
316, 316n48
audience
7, 13, 14, 20–24, 402, 408, 410, 413, 414, 452, 495n19, 496, 497, 497n24, 499, 502, 503, 505
authority
1, 5, 7, 14, 16, 18, 21–24, 26, 70, 75, 241, 249, 289, 368, 372, 375, 377–383, 388–390, 406, 407n36, 408, 460n18, 462, 492, 494–496, 497n26, 499
awliyaʾ (Friends of God; saints)
1, 292, 293, 362, 420, 487.
Friends of God; wali
ʿayd al-fitr (festival of the breaking of the Ramadan fast)
346
Ayyubid Sultanate
3, 35n1, 36, 37n4, 42n23, 54n56, 64, 68, 69, 71, 73, 79
baba (lit. father; dervish appellative, sometimes used for Bektashi celibates)
118, 122, 253n17, 255n25, 264.
ʿAbdul Baba; Baba Habashi; Bakhtar Baba; Baraq Baba; Hacı Hüseyin Mazlum Baba; Laʿl Shah Baba; Qoyun Baba; Satya Sai Baba; Selman Cemali Baba; Shirdi Sai Baba; Sultan Baba; Sultan Baba
Babagan (branch of Bektashi Sufi order)
249n5, 250, 251n11, 255, 255n25, 256, 262
bağlama (stringed instrument in the lute family)
303.
saz
Bahmani monarchy
340
Banquet/Assembly of the Forty
22, 303, 303n5, 304n6, 305, 311–319, 316n46, 326, 330
baraka (blessing; spiritual power)
1–5, 1n2, 5n16, 7–9, 16, 21, 83, 85, 91, 120, 123, 124, 133, 137, 139, 142, 162, 168n68, 273, 281, 349, 400, 419, 441, 467, 477–479, 481–484, 487–489, 493, 495–502, 504, 504n39, 506, 508.
charisma; fayz; mana
batin/batini (esoteric [knowledge])
4, 153, 153n13, 273n15, 308, 315, 320, 496, 497
Battle of Manzikert
227
baʿya (allegiance)
156, 156n17
Bayrami/Bayramiyya Sufi order
234
Bektaşi Sırrı (Bektashi Secret)
250n9, 257n34, 259n41, 260n53–55, 269
Bektashi/Bektashiyye Sufi order
248, 251n12n, 253n17, 256
Alevi relations with
249, 251, 255.
under networks
Babagan branch
.
see Babagan
bifurcation of
249n5, 306n11, 253
Çelebi branch
.
see Çelebi
convents in Iraq
249, 250, 252, 254–266.
Gürgür Baba
convent; Hızır İlyas convent; Karbala convent; Najaf convent
biography
41, 221, 239, 424n26, 427, 427n39, 429n43, 463, 506
bodies of the saints
8–10, 8n25, 10n31–32, 12, 17–19, 117, 122, 124, 130, 139, 140, 142, 143, 150, 152, 161n43, 162, 168–170, 172–174, 173n82, 179, 180, 210, 211, 213, 274, 293, 349, 440, 448, 477, 478, 482, 485, 502, 508
Bohra Ismaʿili Shiʿa community
340, 359
Brahma (Hindu deity)
339
Brahman/Brahmin
338, 343, 344, 359
British
338–340, 342–344, 348, 351, 357, 359, 399, 400, 403, 405–409, 411, 413, 423, 428, 431, 438, 439, 455
building epigraphy
.
see under epigraphy
buqʿa (lit. place; lodge)
230, 238
Buyuruk (lit. Command; collected texts of Alevi dedes)
310–312, 311n28, 316n47, 320
Byzantine Empire
54, 120, 127, 227, 229
caliph (son or appointee of a Sufi leader)
.
see khalifa/caliph
Caliphate
106, 263
Ottoman
427
Sokoto
403, 406, 407
Umayyad
125, 126
Caliphs, Rightly Guided
8, 190, 294, 409
calligraphy
2, 3, 472.
under Qur’an
can
.
see eren
capitalist economy
373, 374, 376, 430
caste
344, 345, 363, 374, 376
Catholicism
473, 474, 479, 484
cave
1, 17, 18, 42, 43, 53, 128, 129, 132–136, 139, 142, 160, 161, 161n43, 162, 162n45, 165, 165n61, 166–174, 166n62, 168n18, 173n82, 180, 490
cave mummy
169
ceddo (slave soldiers of Senegambian kings)
367–371, 390
celibate dervishes
255, 255n25, 257, 258, 260, 261,
Babagan
cem (ceremony held by Alevi and Bektashi communities)
301–306, 301n1, 304n6, 306n12, 308, 315–319, 316n46, 318n52, 321, 322, 324, 326–330
cemetery
38, 39, 44, 45, 473, 462n25, 463, 467, 469, 472, 473n38, 480, 484, 490, 493, 504.
Bab al-Saghir; maqabir al-sufiyya; Makli Necropolis; maqbara; rawda
cemevi (lit. house of the cem; site of Alevi and Bektashi cem ceremonies)
301–305, 307, 312, 315–322, 321n67, 322n68 and 72, 324, 326, 327, 329, 330
cenotaph
7, 101, 102, 106, 128, 132, 236, 237, 272, 273n12, 274, 275, 277n78, 280, 282, 282n52, 289–292, 293n94, 294, 296, 355, 477–479
chadar (tomb cover)
355, 362
charisma
2, 2n2, 3, 3n9–10, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11n36, 14, 16, 18, 24, 26, 118, 120, 124, 128, 142, 225, 226, 243, 370, 371, 376, 414, 430, 437, 439, 440, 446, 454, 454n12, 455, 489, 494–496, 495n20, 501, 503, 504n38 , 506, 507
chilla/chihla (symbolic representation of Sufi graves; place of spiritual retreat)
162, 171, 347, 355, 360n60
chillakhanah (enclosure for forty days of seclusion)
161, 162, 162n45, 171
Chisti/Chishtiyya Sufi order
346, 355
Christians
1n1, 10n34, 16–18, 37, 38, 54, 59, 78, 281n41, 283, 303n5, 341, 344, 346, 349, 370, 458, 489n8, 491n11, 500n31.
Catholicism; Copts
church
18, 78, 128, 128n57, 132, 133, 137, 140, 143, 339, 344, 412, 500n31.
St. Alexander; St. Nicolas, Eskibaba; St. Nicolas, Kiligra; St. Spyridon
civil society
374–376
civil war in Syria
12, 25, 459n8, 487, 487n1, 488, 494, 508
cleric, Muslim
368–371, 377, 383, 389
clerical sphere
367–371, 383, 389
coffin
41, 45, 94–96, 124, 124n33, 345.
tabut
colonialism
22, 23, 366, 367, 367n1, 370–378, 381, 382, 389, 396–403, 404n26, 405, 407–409, 413, 414, 417, 418, 427, 428, 432, 433
French
22–24, 98, 99, 366, 371–373, 375, 376, 390, 399–403, 404n26, 407, 409, 411, 413, 427, 433, 459
commemoration
2, 14, 16, 59, 120, 120n10, 124, 130, 143, 176, 272, 318, 340, 341, 345, 386–388, 386n30, 440n7, 445, 462, 477
communalism
1, 7, 8, 16, 21, 51, 70, 78, 84, 160, 185, 227, 289, 290, 292, 303, 307, 315–318, 330, 337, 354, 412n57, 440n7, 441, 499
Copts
65, 67n12, 69
Egyptian Sufis and
77, 78
cosmology
12, 460, 460n16
cosmopolitan
environment
22, 336, 341, 348, 362
vision
345, 359
cosmopolitanism
335
Crusades
15, 35–38, 44n27, 46–48, 50, 56, 125, 130
Counter-
15, 16, 35, 36, 48
states of
67
cult of saints
1, 14, 16, 17, 23, 83, 84, 90, 91, 437, 442, 454, 455, 487–489, 491–494, 493n16, 508
Çelebi (branch of Bektashi Sufi order)
249n5, 251n11, 253, 306n11
çerağcı (light keeper)
256, 256n28
daara (religious school for Qurʾan and Islamic sciences; teacher-run village where such schools are established)
368, 370–372, 375, 377, 381, 390
Daesh
.
see ISIS
dahira (local association of Sufi disciples)
374–376
daʾira (circle of believers)
402, 417n3
Danishmendid Dynasty
229
dar al-sulahaʾ (lit. house of the pious; lodge)
238, 238n54
dargah/dergah (lit. court; shrine; Sufi lodge)
16, 22, 255, 260, 264, 314, 339n10, 340, 347, 347n34, 349–359, 349n47, 360n60, 362, 363, 475–481, 475n41, 478n46
dede (lit. grandfather; Alevi hereditary religious guide and leader)
25, 87, 251–256, 251n12, 259, 262–266, 301n1, 305, 308, 311, 316n47, 319, 322, 329.
Buyruk; ocak
Dede Kargın ocak
251
devotees
2, 3, 4, 8, 14, 23, 25, 26, 36, 225, 226, 419, 446, 451, 458, 461, 464, 467–474, 478, 480–484, 489–493, 505–508
devotion
8n24, 10, 16, 17, 47, 51, 272, 288, 289, 292, 296, 348, 349, 360, 362, 363, 442, 465, 490, 480, 499n28, 503, 507
practices and activities of
14, 16, 24, 25, 35n1, 42, 270, 272n7, 292, 316, 349, 458, 481, 484, 491, 494–497, 505n40, 508
spaces of
10, 16, 24, 25, 47, 51, 104, 473n38, 477, 504, 505, 508.
see cemevi; chilla; chillakhanah; dome; necropolis; shrine; sanctuary
dhikr/zikr (recollection, invocation; individual and communal prayer ceremony)
8, 47, 52, 277, 278, 348, 354, 355, 388, 412n57, 421, 426, 428, 430, 431, 440, 440n7, 443, 447, 476, 478, 479, 494–506
Dhuʾ l-faqar (ʿAli’s legendary double-bladed sword)
127, 128, 139
diaspora
21, 24, 25, 437, 446, 457–462, 464, 469, 469n34, 471–474, 482, 484, 485, 487, 488, 488n6, 494, 507, 508
diasporic aesthetics
460n21, 458, 469, 470, 472, 474, 484
“Die before you die” (ḥadīth qudsī)
212
digital media
26, 430, 507
Dil-i gharāʾib (The Heart of Wonders)
185n3
din u dawla (religion and state)
154
disciple
8, 18, 20, 24, 38, 40, 41, 45, 47, 51, 56, 58, 59, 63, 72–76, 75n47, 76n51, 81–85, 90, 101, 121, 125, 149–151, 153–157, 161–163, 174, 175, 176n94, 177, 177n99, 208, 225, 234, 240–242, 257, 292, 304n8, 347, 355, 360, 362, 371–376, 380, 386, 388, 397, 400, 401, 403, 404n26, 406, 408, 413, 417, 418, 421–425, 427–431, 433, 438–441, 443, 445, 446, 454, 458, 462, 462n24, 476, 478, 478n46, 480, 488, 488n5, 489, 494–504, 505n40, 506, 507.
discipleship; murid; taalibe
discipleship
155, 161
Divan Hatai Ismail (Collection of Poems of Hatai Ismail)
306n12
Divine knowledge
278, 287, 311
Divine secrets
310, 314
Diwali (Hindu festival of light)
344
dome
17, 17n52, 99, 176, 191–194, 197, 210, 231, 232, 234, 236, 237, 274, 286, 319, 324, 326, 449, 470, 485.
sofa
seen during mirac
311, 313–315, 319, 330
over mausolea, shrines, tombs
3, 17, 46, 57, 58, 90, 93, 96, 98, 100, 104, 108–110, 123, 234, 236, 286, 319, 341, 346, 419.
qubba
domination, spiritual
3, 8, 15, 16
dominion, spiritual
1, 14, 16, 437, 440, 442, 454
door; doorway
52, 58, 76, 78, 169, 234, 260, 275, 275n24, 277–279, 282, 285, 286, 289, 293, 293n94, 296, 305, 311–315, 320, 362, 424, 426, 432, 470, 481, 496
Dört Kapı Kırk Makam (Four Doors Forty Levels)
314
dragon
129, 132, 133
dreams
1, 11, 11n36, 25, 26, 32, 445, 488, 503, 503n35–36, 505–508, 505n40
duʿaʾ (supplication, benediction)
138, 139, 277, 443, 445
dual mandate of indirect rule
403
East India Company (Kompani-yi Bahadur)
335, 343
economy
336, 348, 369–371, 376, 377, 390, 490
ecstasy, mystic
85
education
14, 42, 72, 77, 187, 301n1, 307, 374, 406, 411, 427, 492
embodiment, of Islamic sainthood and sacrality
3, 4, 6, 6n19, 7, 14, 19, 21, 35, 37, 120n9, 138, 142, 143, 150, 168, 304, 209, 494
epigraphy
7, 19, 21, 234, 237, 240, 272, 378, 280n71, 288.
inscription
.
under Qurʾan
buildings and
210, 230, 232, 236–239, 261, 272–289, 292, 293, 296
eren (ceremonial participant in an Alevi cem)
304
eşik (threshold)
320
ethnography; ethnographic
1, 3, 3n8, 8, 17, 18, 120, 179, 185, 197, 206, 430, 458, 488n6, 489, 489n7, 494, 505n40
European
65n7, 367, 368, 398, 401, 420, 423, 424, 430.
colonialism; Europe
facade
231, 234, 235, 272, 275, 286, 287
fadaʾil (lit. merits; literature extolling the virtues of places and people)
22, 342
fanaʾ fi’l shaykh (annihilation in one’s shaykh)
443
faqih (legal scholar, jurist)
151, 347, 367
faqir (mendicant, ascetic on the Sufi path)
438, 438n3, 445, 449, 450
Fatimid Caliphate
67, 68, 77
fayd/fayz (divine grace bestowed by a holy figure, light, overflowing)
371, 378, 383, 405, 441.
baraka
female saint
2, 2n3, 8, 101–104, 349n47
festival
312n39, 322, 322n70, 340–342, 344, 345, 345n29, 348, 355, 437, 445.
ʿayd al-fitr ; Diwali; Holi; mawlid/mulid; ʿurs
fidaʿi (one who sacrifices one’s life)
166
fitna (civil strife)
69
followers
2, 4, 8, 23–25, 40, 41, 50–52, 56–58, 72, 78, 84, 90, 106, 108, 162n47, 164, 164n53–54, 165, 167, 171, 173, 180, 221, 226, 226n23, 232, 239, 240, 242, 273, 306, 349, 401–403, 407, 410, 413, 424, 426, 428–430, 437, 439, 441, 446, 448, 451, 454, 487–490, 488n5, 494, 495, 495n21, 499, 500, 502–506.
disciple; discipleship; murid; taalibe
footprint
18, 117, 118, 123, 124, 126, 130, 130n71, 135, 137–139, 142, 143
Fourth Way (school of self-knowledge developed by George Gurdjieff)
476
Friends of God
1, 36, 44, 53, 56, 59, 127, 292, 293, 445, 487–509.
awliyaʾ; wali
funduq (inn)
108
funerary enclosure; shrine
92, 110n54, 293.
mausoleum; maqam
futuwwa (chivalric ideals)
227
Gabriel, Angel
309, 311
gàmmu (annual religious commemoration)
387, 388
ghaus (sustainer, a high rank in the saintly Sufi order)
439, 439n4
ghawth al-zaman (reformer of the age)
404
al-ghayb (realm of the unseen)
4, 79, 128, 503n35, 505n40
ghayba (occultation)
166n62
globalization
14, 15, 23, 26, 417, 418, 429, 432, 433
grave
8, 15, 15n51, 16, 36–38, 41, 44, 45, 45n31, 53, 55, 58, 59, 83, 92n5, 93, 93n9, 96, 98, 100, 100n22, 103–105, 108, 109, 121–123, 122n21, 132, 162, 162n48, 170, 174–179, 183, 187, 188, 193, 194, 198, 206–208, 210, 270, 272, 272n28, 279, 280, 285, 286n66, 291, 293, 293n90, 294n98, 346, 347n34, 354, 355, 420, 421, 454, 493.
cemetery; gravesite; maqam; maqbara; marqam; qabr; tomb; turba/türbe
.
under inscription
gravesite
8, 17, 19, 41, 44, 46, 53, 58, 59, 94
gravestone
210, 290, 294
guardians of the mosque
411, 413
gyarvi sharif (communal meal to commemorate the birth/death of Abdul Qadr Jilani)
440n7,
Abdul Qadr al-Jilani
hadith (prophetic tradition)
6, 7, 235n7, 273, 287, 290, 291n82, 293n94–95, 294, 294n96, 308, 320, 409, 451
hadiya (disciple’s gift to a Sufi master in exchange for religious instruction and guidance)
374
hadra (“presence” of the Prophet or a saint; Sufi ritual gathering)
1, 412, 495–498, 495n19, 497n26, 500, 502–504, 506
hafiz (reciter of Qurʾan)
.
see under Qurʾan
hagiography
80, 126, 127, 149n1, 167n65, 174, 225n20, 239, 240, 336, 351, 438, 446, 446n10, 452, 455, 460–464.
manaqib; karamat
hagiographer
38, 41, 59, 120, 160, 349, 359, 431, 446–448, 450–452
hagiographical text and narrative
7, 11, 16, 18, 20, 37, 80n67, 91, 124, 129, 149–152, 160, 160n38, 179, 184, 193, 206, 208, 209, 213, 239, 316n47, 458, 466, 469, 492, 506.
manaqib; karamat
hajj
397–407, 409–414, 422, 424, 437, 438, 446–454, 499
hajji
167, 351, 450.
individual Hajjis
Ḥakīm Ata kitābï (The Book of Ḥakīm Ata)
207
hal/ahwal (fleeting mystical experience or state that results from divine grace)
449, 452, 498.
ecstasy, mystic
hand, print of
129, 142
haqiqa (divine reality; truth)
4, 448, 495
Haqqani/Haqqaniyya, branch of Naqshbandiyya Sufi Order
9, 24, 25, 418, 429–433, 458, 474–481
Haydari/Haydariyya (antinomian ascetic group)
121, 124, 164n53, 232n40
healing
4, 5, 14, 38, 41, 128, 135, 139, 439, 467, 472, 478, 482, 483, 495, 501
heterodox
223n11, 224, 306n14
heterotopia
23, 368, 369, 389
Hindus
13n45, 283, 335, 337, 339, 343, 344, 346, 348, 349, 355, 359, 363
Holi (Hindu festival)
344
homeland
403, 429, 431–433, 458, 460, 462, 470, 471, 471n35, 474, 484, 508
Hurufi/Hurufiyya (followers of Sufi doctrine based on power of letters)
155n18, 250, 260, 260n52, 320n61
iconography
458, 469–471
motif as
128n56, 149, 165n61, 230, 275, 277, 302, 473
ijaza/icazetname (certificate/diploma of religious studies/initiation in the Sufi path)
155, 251n12, 252–254, 254n23, 495n21, 505
Ilkhanid Dynasty
2n4, 110, 150, 236
ʿilm (exoteric knowledge; knowledge of Qurʾan and legal sciences)
178, 238, 495
İmam Zeynel Abidin ocak
256n30
ʿimara (building, charitable institution)
231, 238
inscription
106, 133, 283, 473, 475, 484.
epigraphy
buildings with
210, 229–231, 231n38, 236–239, 261, 262n66, 275, 277, 282–290, 293, 294, 346, 398n3.
under epigraphy
cenotaphs and necropolises with
272–275, 275n24, 277–280, 282–289, 289n77, 290–296
foundation
3, 231, 232, 238, 280, 286
funerary and grave
21, 93n9, 175, 175n88 and 90, 210, 230, 236, 275, 277, 280, 460
Qurʾanic
190, 275, 277–279, 282–284, 283n58, 287–289, 292, 293, 293n94
spatial
1, 2, 24, 487
industry
entertainment
14
textile
336, 355
Islamization
16, 17, 37n4, 53, 57, 59, 124, 150, 152, 153, 161, 167n65, 176, 183, 195, 474
intercession
18, 19, 120, 135, 139, 155, 207, 210, 211, 271, 281, 282, 289, 293, 274, 418–420, 473
institutionalization of Sufism
16, 20, 42, 63, 64, 70, 71, 81–85, 119n5, 249, 254, 266, 378, 421, 454
ISIS/Daesh
9n26, 11, 12
istiqamat (utter steadfastness on the Sufi path)
438
iwan (three-sided room; ceremonial hall)
231, 232, 234, 236, 237, 286, 288, 294
Jain
283, 349
Jan-i Mumbay (The Soul of Bombay)
22, 337, 342–348, 351, 354, 362
jatra (procession)
344, 360n60
Jewish
16, 67, 130, 491n11
Jews
67, 69, 77n59, 162n45, 348
jihad
36, 38, 48, 370, 401, 403
jihadist
12.
mujahid
justice
5, 110, 284, 343, 492, 494
kafıran/kofiron (unbelievers)
165, 170
kafirkubat (infidel-bashers)
125, 126
kaifiat (moods, intoxications)
448
karamat (supernatural deeds, feats or miracles of a saint)
1, 37, 159n34, 169, 202, 208, 438, 492, 502, 505, 506.
miracles
khadim (shrine caretaker; superintendent)
51, 345n29
khalifa/caliph (saint’s delegate, vicegerent, emissary, son)
121, 125, 128, 149, 153, 169, 241, 252, 372, 374, 375, 375n17, 376n17, 378, 379, 386, 388, 389, 404, 438–443, 446, 476n42, 498n23, 499, 499n30, 500, 501, 505
khalwa (spiritual retreat, seclusion)
81, 82, 156, 157, 177n99, 388, 423, 426, 430, 431
Khalwati/Khalwatiyya Sufi order
131
khanqah (Sufi facility)
42, 63, 75, 79, 80, 109, 155, 156, 221, 225, 230n33, 232, 236, 238–243, 270, 271n6, 354, 355, 419, 421
khātam-i vilāyat (seal of sainthood)
156
khidma (Sufi disciple’s service in exchange for a master’s instruction)
374
khirqa (patched cloak associated with Sufi initiation)
47, 157, 241, 506
Khwārazm taʿrīfi (Description of Khwārazm)
186
Kırklar Meclisi
.
see Banquet of the Forty
Kızıl Deli ocak
253n8
Kitab manaqib Shaykh ʿAbdallah al-Yunini (The Book of the Virtues and Feats of Shaykh ʿAbdallah al-Yunini)
47, 48, 50–53
Kizilbash
21, 255, 305, 306, 306n11 and 14
knowledge
2, 4, 5, 13, 25, 50, 70, 72n35, 79, 80, 92, 153, 153n13, 166n62, 169, 178, 184, 235n47, 242, 242n67, 278, 278n31, 281, 287, 303, 308, 310, 311, 314, 320, 327, 330, 338n6, 344, 347, 400, 409, 411, 439, 440, 448, 458, 464, 467, 479, 481, 495–497, 497n26, 499n28, 502n34.
batin/batini; Divine knowledge; ʿilm; maʿrifa/maʿrifat; silsila
Konkanis (Muslims of Bombay descended from Arab sailors)
340, 343, 346, 349
Kubravi/Kubraviya Sufi order
18, 149–151, 154, 155, 157, 159n36, 160, 161, 164n53, 165n59, 179, 194
landmark
1–3, 9, 11, 13n45, 146, 195, 210, 338, 491
langar (free food provided at a saint’s lodge)
438, 441, 443, 446, 447, 454
lantern roof
324–327
Layene Sufi order
23, 366, 371, 372, 376, 378n24, 382, 388
laylat al-barat (Night of Salvation)
346
lieux de mémoire (place of collective memory)
11, 11n34, 119, 142, 386, 386n30
liminal
70, 138, 140, 314, 315, 320, 329, 330, 500n31, 502n34, 503, 503n37, 504, 504n39
lineages of saints and initiates
7, 10, 20, 21, 40, 47, 70, 72, 75, 80, 80n66 and 67, 82, 106, 161, 165, 165n59, 166, 179, 194, 194, 249, 266, 281, 301, 302n3, 304–307, 306n11, 311, 316n47, 319, 322, 322n72, 329, 346, 355, 367, 369–371, 374–376, 379, 387, 388, 496.
ijaza/icazetname; nasl; ocak; sajjada-nashin; silsila
lion (avatar of Ali)
310–314, 311n31, 314n43, 320
Lion of Syria
.
see ʿAbdallah al-Yunini
local
2, 3n8, 10, 13, 17n52, 19, 21, 23, 56n62, 65, 70, 74n41, 78, 78n61, 90, 108, 109, 120, 153n10, 158, 165n58, 179, 183, 185, 191, 321, 337, 340, 344, 375, 378, 388, 398n3, 401, 403, 411, 423, 425, 428, 430, 460, 470, 472, 473, 476, 478, 481, 505, 507, 508
belief and practice
6n23, 16, 25, 35, 39, 40, 42, 46–52, 64n6, 74n44, 75n47, 103, 132, 142, 150, 152, 160, 172n80, 173n83, 176n97, 186, 189, 195, 207, 208, 212–214, 249, 263, 320, 339, 362, 374, 398n3, 418, 419, 422, 437, 487
community
8, 11, 14, 18, 36, 37, 59, 63, 64, 79, 85, 131, 184, 386, 491
landscape
7, 209, 210, 431, 476, 489, 493
leaders
221, 223, 226, 227n27, 239, 240, 252, 255, 257, 262, 266, 284, 268, 271, 383, 403, 407, 424, 494
population
11, 69, 123, 131, 170, 171, 173
locality
19n53, 21, 21n55, 25, 132, 150, 184, 187, 209, 341, 362, 493n16
localization
21n55, 183, 432
love in Sufism
304n7, 311, 313, 314, 320, 329, 339, 420, 442, 443, 446, 448, 449, 451, 454, 461n22, 468, 473, 478, 491, 497
Madariyya Sufi order
345, 360n60
madrasa/medrese (Islamic institution for the study of legal and traditional sciences)
75, 77, 79, 98, 99, 104, 109, 110, 190, 224, 225, 225n16, 240, 241, 338, 359, 421, 424, 428, 489, 492.
Gök Medrese; Najibiyya Madrasa
màggal (annual religious commemoration of the Muridiyya order)
387–389
Mahalakshmi (Hindu deity)
339, 344
mahdi (hidden Imam who returns in the end times)
149, 154–158, 261, 284, 287n71, 329, 430, 433.
ghayba
mahdihood
151, 154–157, 179
mahdism
404, 407, 413
Majalis al-Muʾminin (Biographies of Notable Shiʿa)
151, 160
Maklinamah (Tale of Makli)
270, 270n1, 272, 277, 282
malang (antinomian dervish)
357–359, 360n60
Maliki
68, 72, 75, 103, 367, 374
Mamluk Sultanate
15n51, 16, 35, 36, 37n4, 42, 42n23, 64, 65, 67–69, 67n14, 72n35, 73, 75, 77–80, 83, 109, 110, 225n17, 279, 411
mana (anthropological notion of the spiritual force of connection)
5, 5n17
manaqib (virtues, meritorious deeds; genre of hagiographical account)
4, 37, 47, 153, 172.
hagiographical; hagiography; Kitab manaqib Shaykh ʿAbdallah al-Yunini; Manaqib al-ʿarifin; Manaqib-i Sayyid Ishaq Khulʾabadi
Manaqib al-ʿarifin (Feats of the Knowers of God)
221, 232, 239, 239n57, 240, 242n67, 243n68, 244.
Aflaki
Manaqib-i Sayyid Ishaq Khulʾabadi/Manoqibi Khoja Ishoq
152, 153n10, 159, 161, 161n43, 164, 164n53, 167, 168
maqabir al-sufiyya (Cemetery of the Sufis)
44
maqam (lit. place; tomb; shrine)
1, 16, 36, 39, 58, 135, 137, 139–141, 238, 275, 419, 474–478, 478n46–47, 479, 481, 484, 490
maqamat (stations of the mystical path)
39, 438
maʿrifa/maʿrifat (esoteric knowledge)
178, 314
marqad (resting place, tomb)
275, 275n24
maqbara (cemetery, grave)
39, 44, 176, 176n94.
cemetery
martyr
2, 5, 16, 18, 36, 69, 152, 158, 164–167, 167n65, 169, 170, 178, 179, 188, 211, 293, 303n5, 314, 319, 340, 341, 419
martyrdom
5n15, 18, 149–151, 153, 157, 159–161, 164, 166–170, 168n68, 175, 176, 178, 179, 187, 197, 198, 206, 211, 314n43, 316, 328, 499n28
material culture
143, 148, 458, 469n34, 470–473, 484
materiality
2, 7, 26, 59, 143n104
materialize
9, 21, 384, 471, 471n35, 484, 508
Mathnawi
222n5, 225, 225n16.
Jalal al-Din Rumi
mausoleum
17, 36, 93–110, 122, 200n28, 241n63, 261, 274, 275n24, 319, 319n57, 340, 346, 349, 355, 359, 372, 382, 385, 386, 388, 419, 421, 437, 469.
funerary enclosure; maqam
mawlid/mulid (birthday celebration of the Prophet Muhamad; saint festival)
8, 25, 345, 387, 388, 445n9, 506
maydan/meydan (ritual space; central area of the cem ceremony)
255, 312, 314, 315, 317, 318, 320, 322, 326.
cemevi; Karbala convent
mazar/mazor (shrine; place of visitation, especially saint’s burial place)
16, 150, 150n6, 169, 173–175.
shrine; tomb
mbar (free-standing structure built to provide shade for gatherings)
386, 387
megacity
335, 336, 341, 348, 354, 360
memories
2, 26, 143, 225, 274, 464, 488, 508
memorization
9, 47, 242, 281
memory
5, 10n29, 11, 11n34, 17, 18, 23, 25, 56n62, 57, 59, 69, 101, 102, 109, 119, 119n4, 120, 125, 131, 142, 143, 338–341, 359, 386, 386n30, 388, 399, 460–462, 488, 488n6, 489, 492, 506–508.
lieux de mémoire
messianic
150, 151, 154, 155, 155n18, 157, 407
metropolis
335, 341, 342, 362
Mevlevi/Mevleviye (followers of Jalal al-Din Rumi; Sufi order)
221, 221n1, 222n5, 223n10, 225, 230, 232, 243, 312
migration
8, 10, 25, 26, 248, 308, 349, 363, 376, 400, 406, 446, 459, 459n11, 460n20, 472n36
mihrab/mihrob (prayer niche)
53, 176, 277, 278, 278n33, 279n34, 282, 283, 289, 294, 294n97
mimesis (imitation)
9, 24, 25, 143, 442–445
miracles and marvels
1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18, 20–22, 36, 38, 41, 50, 53, 56, 57, 59, 70, 72, 78–80, 80n67 and 70, 81, 82, 82n85, 91, 98, 105, 117–125, 128–130, 130n65, 135, 139–142, 169, 202, 235, 281, 309, 310, 336, 349, 351, 354, 438, 440, 446, 450, 452, 458, 461, 462, 464, 466, 467, 473n38, 479, 480, 488, 492, 494, 495, 499, 500, 505, 506, 508.
karamat
miraçlama (story of the mirac sung in verse)
21, 22, 302–306, 302n3, 304n6, 308, 310, 311, 314–319, 321, 321n66, 322, 324, 326–330
miʿrajname/miracname (manuscript of the mirac narratives)
22, 304n8
miʿraj/mirac (the Prophet Muhammad’s ascension to heaven)
190, 303–305, 309n23, 311–313, 311n28, 315, 316, 316n46, 326, 346
modern
14, 18, 22, 26, 64, 93, 119, 120n9, 142, 153, 173, 175, 176, 223, 226, 240, 250n9, 271n6, 275, 302n3, 304, 321, 327, 335, 336, 348, 366, 367n1–2, 374, 376, 377, 389, 397, 400, 405, 414, 417, 417n3, 418, 420, 421, 423–425, 427, 432, 433, 439, 452n11, 462n24, 494
mohalla (Muslim neighborhood)
340, 363
Mongol Empire
36, 41, 109, 154, 222, 227, 230, 248, 271, 421
monument
12n37, 21, 39, 185n3, 189, 198, 272, 274, 275, 275n22–24, 278, 280, 286, 289, 293, 293n94, 296, 315, 319, 372, 386n30, 447
monumental
16, 17, 90, 93, 96, 103–106, 108–110, 110n54, 270, 272, 275, 290, 296, 302, 308, 341, 386, 390
moral, ordering and regulation
4, 11–16, 35, 67, 69, 72, 75–78, 84, 85, 213, 273n15, 336, 375, 376, 380, 383, 437, 454, 461, 466, 488, 488n6, 492, 494, 508
morality
437, 455, 492
mosque
9, 10n29, 13n45, 94, 96–100, 102, 104–105, 109, 110, 234, 262–264, 279, 288, 289, 301, 337–339, 354, 359, 360, 372, 374, 378, 382–386, 388, 389, 411, 413, 420, 421, 424, 428, 431, 437, 443, 446, 449, 450, 458, 475, 479, 489, 490, 495.
Badri Mosque; Gausiya Mosque; great mosques of: Abu Madyan; Aleppo; Baalbek; Damascus; Haram Sharif/Mecca; Madina Baye; Ndiassane; Touba
mountain
1, 18, 19, 40–45, 50–52, 55, 412, 448, 459, 459n9, 464, 477, 478n46–47, 490.
ʿArghab Mountain; Fann Mountain; Jabal al-ʿAlawiyin; Sanʿan Mountain; Tiri Mountain; individual Mounts
Mughal Empire
10, 289, 294, 422, 423
Muharram
318, 340, 341, 345
muhtasib (market inspector)
75
mujahid (jihad warrior)
48
mulaziman (servitors)
158
Mumbadevi (Hindu deity)
338, 339, 344, 348
mummified
18, 150, 152, 160, 161n43, 168, 172–174, 180.
cave mummy
muqarnas (stalactite niche)
234
murid (aspirant, disciple, student)
155, 159, 161, 163, 174, 175, 177, 314, 418, 422, 427, 438, 442, 443, 477, 495, 496n23
Muridiyya Sufi order
23, 366, 371, 375, 376, 377, 378, 378n24, 404n26
musa sarauta (the possessors of governance)
403
mürşid/murshid (teacher, guide)
314, 495n21
müsahip (spiritual sibling)
320
myth
11, 168, 316n46, 338, 339, 404n26, 437
mythical
2n2, 9, 45, 127, 149, 161n41, 359, 460n16
mythological
343, 403
naʾib (deputy head of a Sufi lodge)
355
nakibü’l-eşraf (syndic of the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad)
252–254
Naqshbandi/Naqshbandiyya Sufi order
9, 24, 25, 187, 193, 195, 259, 263, 417–433, 438, 438n2, 458, 474–481.
Haqqani/Haqqaniyya
nasl (lineage)
165, 165n59
necropolis
21, 93, 95, 98, 101–105, 109, 270–272, 272n7, 277, 285, 292, 294–296
nefes (verses sung as hymnal lyrics)
316
neighborhood
338–340, 346–348, 347n34, 355, 362, 363, 424, 494.
Kazimiyya; mohalla
.
under Bombay
networks
8, 16, 274, 369, 399, 413, 417n3, 428, 433, 494.
under urban network
Alevi-Bektashi
249, 254, 266, 322n70
Sufi
13, 20, 21, 21n55, 23, 24, 63, 64, 75, 85, 90, 189, 221, 221n2, 223, 351, 367, 372, 377, 389, 390, 397, 446, 474, 476, 484, 508
nur (light)
156, 279, 449
ocak (Alevi spiritual lineage)
249, 251–254, 303, 305.
Ağuiçen ocak; dede; Dede Kargın ocak; İmam Zeynel Abidin ocak; Kızıl Deli ocak; sayyid/seyid/seyyid; Sinemilliler ocak
oneiric
8, 11n36, 503n35, 507, 508
Oniki Hizmet (Twelve Services)
318
oral tradition
5, 6, 15, 18, 47, 59, 124, 125, 143, 149, 150, 158–161, 168, 169, 174, 176, 176n97, 178, 179, 183, 206, 208, 213, 254, 256, 259n48, 274, 277, 304, 307, 315, 316n47, 354, 366, 375, 458, 461, 464, 492
organization, of Sufism
64, 71, 75, 81, 84, 85, 90, 206, 223n10, 227, 239, 251n12, 359, 374–376, 390, 400, 402–405, 414, 425, 430
orthodox
124, 140, 223n11, 224, 418, 418n3, 422, 423, 427
Ottoman
18, 24, 46, 63, 84, 85, 100, 122–125, 124n33, 135, 142, 221n1, 224, 225, 230n33, 231, 239n55, 250, 251n12, 256–258, 260–263, 265, 266, 302, 302n3, 305, 306, 306n14, 321, 322, 322n70, 402, 410, 412n58, 418, 421–424, 425n31, 427, 432, 433, 459, 469n33.
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
24, 124n33, 224, 421, 423, 425n31, 427, 459, 469n33.
Ottoman
palki (palanquin for Sufis)
341
panhan (concealment)
166
Parsis
341, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 351, 359
patronage
44, 46, 79, 106, 226, 231n35, 236, 236n54, 240–242, 322n72
pénc (public square used for assembly)
383, 384, 385, 386, 388.
square, public
pilgrimage
2, 10n29, 11, 18, 20–23, 37, 38, 42–46, 54, 59, 67, 68, 83, 97n14, 117, 118, 121, 123–125, 128, 135, 140, 150–153, 160–164, 163n48, 167–169, 172n80, 173, 176, 186, 189, 198, 205, 213, 225, 249, 266, 294, 308, 320–322, 328, 355, 356, 366, 372, 382, 385, 388, 397–414, 418, 430, 433, 458, 478.
hajj; hajji; ziyara; ziyaratgah
pilgrimage guide
18, 19, 59, 152, 161n43, 169
pir (Sufi master and saint)
117, 123, 124, 165, 167, 178, 187, 360n60, 418, 428, 439, 441–443, 449, 452, 454. See also individual Pirs; Zindapir
politics
11–13, 13n45, 15, 24, 35, 36, 44, 64, 65, 68, 69, 76, 79, 84, 85, 106, 108, 142, 154, 180, 185, 189, 195, 200n29, 205, 214, 221n2, 222n5, 227n27, 239, 241, 243, 270, 271n6, 301n1, 306, 306n14, 314, 335, 337, 366–370, 372, 374, 376, 377, 389, 390, 400–403, 417n1, 418, 421, 422, 425n31, 427, 429, 492–494
population groups
11, 26, 65n12, 67, 75–77, 123, 131, 173, 223, 283, 308n17, 336, 338, 340–342, 344, 345, 347, 348, 355, 367, 373, 378, 457n2, 459, 459n8, 387, 491n11
portal
190, 230, 234, 235n47, 236n51, 237, 275, 314, 315, 320
Portuguese
335, 338, 343, 344, 347, 348, 351
power
1–8, 10n30, 11, 11n36, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21n55, 23, 25, 26, 36–38, 42, 44, 46, 51, 59, 68–70, 74, 78–83, 78n61, 106, 108, 118, 122, 123, 127–129, 131, 133, 135, 137–139, 142, 143, 159, 159n34, 177, 202, 205, 223, 227, 271, 276, 278, 279, 287, 306n14, 308n19, 310, 314, 339, 349, 351, 355, 359, 367, 367n1, 368, 371, 375, 397, 399, 400, 403, 409, 419, 422, 423, 429, 432, 439, 440, 449, 452, 455, 458, 464, 466, 467, 473, 473n38, 478, 481n49, 487, 490–493, 493n16, 494, 496, 497, 499n29, 501, 502, 507, 508.
baraka; karamat; walaya/wilaya
procession
59, 340, 341, 344, 345, 345n29, 355.
jatra
qabr (grave)
36, 41, 93, 96, 97, 163n48.
grave; gravesite; maqbara; tomb; turba/türbe/tyrbe; ziyara/ziyarat; ziyaretgah
qadamgah (shrine, stepping place)
161, 162, 164
qadi (judge)
254, 262, 347, 367
Qadiri/Qadiriyya Sufi order
23, 40, 40n16, 345, 351, 354, 355, 366, 371, 372, 377, 378n24, 381, 402, 403, 412n58, 421, 440n7, 495
Qalandar/Qalandariyya (antinomian ascetic group)
4, 45, 163, 163n53, 164, 164n53, 240, 241
qawwali (Sufi devotional music)
349, 359
qibla/qibla-gahi/kible (direction of prayer)
166, 166n64, 167, 169, 170, 321, 383, 385, 388, 496.
Kaʿba; mihrab/mihrob
qiyamat (resurrection)
162
Qongrat Dynasty
187, 187n6, 188, 191, 198n28, 200n29, 205, 213, 214.
Qongrat Khwārazm
qubba/kubbe (domed mausoleum)
93, 105, 108, 110, 314
Qurʾan
7, 21, 56, 84, 106, 168, 177, 178, 190, 191, 242, 273, 273n12 and 15, 274–276, 278n31, 279–290, 292, 293, 296, 308–310, 316, 351, 473, 481, 495, 496.
Qurʾanic surahs and verses
calligraphy in
237, 324
epigraphy
234, 237, 273, 324.
under inscription
hafiz (reciters of)
191, 242, 348
school for
367, 374, 383, 386, 412.
madrasa
terms in
153n18, 312n40, 313n41
Qurʾanic surahs and verses
6, 7, 21, 32, 153n13, 166n62, 278, 279, 281–284, 287–289, 291, 292, 308–309n19, 309n21, 345, 346, 472, 497.
shahada
Surah al-Baqara (The Cow)
287, 293
Ayat al-Kursi/Throne Verse
234, 274, 277, 290, 472
Surah ad-Duha (The Morning Hours)
280–282
Surah Fussilat (Explained in Detail)
237
Surah al-ʿImran (The Family of ʿImran)
278, 283, 284, 291, 293n91 and 94, 294n97
Surah al-Insan (The Man)
275, 279, 282, 340
Surah al-Isra (The Night Journey)
309
Surah al-Mulk (The Sovereignty)
274, 280, 281, 289, 289n77, 291
Surah al-Najm (The Star)
308, 309n19
Surah al-Qadr (The Night of Power)
280, 281
Surah al-Rahman (The Most Compassionate)
Surah al-Waqiʿah (That Which is Coming)
284
Surah Yunus (Jonah)
292
Surah Yusuf (Joseph)
283, 284
qurban/kurban (propitiatory animal sacrifice)
117, 123, 318
qutb/al-qutb/qutb-i aqtab (axial saint of the age)
56, 73, 167n65, 193, 194, 439
qutb-e-madar (axis mundi; world-renouncer)
439
Rama (Hindu deity)
13n45, 337
rawda (private cemetery)
97, 100, 101, 103, 104, 108–110
Rawzat al-jinan va jannat al-janan (Garden of Paradise and Paradise of Paradise)
151, 155–158, 160
realm of the unseen
6, 79, 128, 404, 439, 505n40.
al-ghayb
relic
2, 9, 17–19, 120, 120n7, 125–129, 131, 135–142, 210, 478, 487, 496
replica
9, 10, 25, 327, 345, 442, 443
rızalık (consent; requested from Alevi ceremonial participants)
304
ribat (Sufi lodge)
15, 39, 40, 40n14, 45, 63, 70, 72, 73, 75, 76n51, 77, 82, 83, 85, 97, 98, 104, 105, 221, 263, 411
Rifaʿi/Rifaʿiyya Sufi order
9, 121, 124, 346, 490, 494–496, 498
risala (Sufi treatise)
150, 151, 153n10, 161, 167n65.
Risalat al-huda
Risalat al-huda (Treatise on Guidance)
151, 156, 160
riot
363
anti-Christian
78, 79n65
Hindu-Muslim
337–340
ritual
2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 18–21, 25, 36, 47, 51, 55, 83, 84, 118, 119, 120n8, 131, 132, 139, 142, 155, 161, 161n41, 171, 183, 184, 205, 212, 213, 224, 225, 240, 243, 248, 252, 255, 256, 272, 275, 288–290, 296, 301–306, 302n3, 312n39, 315, 316, 316n46, 321, 329, 340–342, 345, 345n29, 355, 399, 412, 412n57, 470, 472, 477n45, 478, 482, 489, 489n8, 494–504, 499n27, 506, 508.
cem; hadra; qurban/kurban; maydan/meydan
rivayat (stories)
168, 168n68
Riyāż al-dhākirīn (The Garden of those who Perform the Remembrance [of God])
185n
ruh (spirit)
10n31, 169, 281
Rum Abdalları
.
see Abdals of Rum
Ruznama-yi Safar-I Iskandarkul (Diary of Iskandarkul Expedition)
152, 152n9, 169, 170n74, 179
sacralization
8n24, 16, 35, 150, 160, 165
sacralized
1, 18, 36, 37, 118, 132, 139, 149, 189, 214, 214n36, 437, 454, 455
sacred
14, 19, 119, 142, 312, 314–317, 326, 454, 455
geography
2, 9–11, 152, 168, 359, 472, 481, 484, 488n2,
landscape
11n34, 12, 13n45, 59, 120n9, 149, 213, 240, 419, 437, 460, 487–491, 488n2
place
120, 132, 133, 165n61, 413, 484,
space and setting
8, 8n24, 10, 11n36, 13, 13n45, 118, 209, 321, 322n70, 340, 341, 453, 470, 471, 508
topography
11n34, 18, 59, 488
Safavid Empire
251, 251n12, 255, 258, 306, 319
safidpush (white-attired ones; elders)
164
Saharan trade
398
Sai Baba
341, 360–362
saint
.
see awliyaʾ; bodies of the saints; cult of saints; female saint; hagiography; karamat; lineages of saints; pir; qutb; tasawwur; traces, saintly; ʿurs; Vilayet-name; walaya; wali/veli; wilaya/wilayat
sainthood
1, 4, 5, 5n15, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 19, 21, 21n55, 23, 26, 35, 37, 59, 64, 81, 83–85, 119, 122–124, 156, 186, 194, 293, 397, 399, 414, 462n25, 465, 480, 484, 485, 489, 492–494, 500, 504, 505, 507
sajjada-nashin (head of a Sufi lineage)
355.
lineage
Salafi/Salafiyya
11, 13, 14, 408, 409, 413, 420, 427.
Wahhabism
Saltuq-name (Book of Saltuq)
124, 125, 128n56, 129n63
samaʿ (ritual “concert” often with music, singing and dance)
224, 240–243, 355
samadhi (memorial)
351
Samariyya (Pilgrimage Guide to Samarqand)
152, 152n8, 161n43, 169
sanctuary
42, 53, 122, 128, 128n57, 132, 133, 138, 139, 250, 261, 283n53, 305, 314, 315, 319, 321, 330, 368, 458, 461, 462, 467, 469–474, 469n34, 476, 477, 479, 481–485, 481n49, 488n4
sangdevol (pile of stones that serve as road markers)
171
sayyid/seyid/seyyid (descendant of Prophet Muhammad)
139n96, 153, 154, 158, 251, 252, 266 , 305, 316n47.
dede; Seyyid ʿAbbas; Seyyid Ahmed Dede; Seyyid Baki; Seyyid Hüseyin; Seyyid Ishaq; Seyyid Mehmed Taki; Seyyid Yusuf; sayyid-zada
sayyid-hood
253, 254, 266
sayyid-zada (descendent of a sayyid)
158, 211
saz (stringed instrument in the lute family)
303, 305, 316
secret
162, 175, 212, 242, 281, 303, 310–314, 404, 447–449, 458, 462, 462n24, 494, 505n40.
Divine secrets
sectarian
272, 294, 309, 360, 487n1
Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
79, 223, 225n17, 227, 227n27, 229, 239, 241, 263
semah (rhythmic dance by men and women during Alevi ceremony)
305, 312–314, 312n39, 317, 318, 322, 326n76, 327, 330
Seyahatname (Book of Travels)
117, 124, 129, 250, 263
Shadhili/Shadhiliyya Sufi order
70, 73, 75n47, 101, 106, 412n58, 495, 497, 498
shagird va murid (follower and disciple)
163.
disciple; murid
shahada
286, 287, 291, 321n66, 426, 472
shajara/şecere (Sufi pedigree)
251–254
sharia/shariʿa
122, 367, 368, 381, 421–424
shaykh/sheikh
16, 21–24, 36–38, 40, 42, 44, 46–48, 50, 53, 54, 132, 154, 159n34, 160n39, 167n65, 239n56, 256, 271, 306, 355, 366, 375, 377, 380, 383, 385, 396, 388–390, 400, 412, 417n3, 419, 421, 424, 426, 427, 429, 431, 432, 437, 439–443, 454, 458–462, 460n16, 462n25, 466, 467, 472, 473, 474n40, 478, 484, 494, 500n31, 505.
individual Shaykhs
Shiʿa/ Shiʿi/Shiʿite
9n26, 10n29, 11, 12, 16, 36, 67, 69, 71n31, 77, 109, 126, 151, 152, 153n13, 154, 155, 159, 159n36, 161, 163n48, 164n53, 166n62 and 64, 179, 250, 251, 279, 284, 287n71, 306, 306n13, 310, 311n31, 319, 340, 341, 345, 355, 359, 355, 423, 476n43, 499n27–28
Imams
2, 5, 11, 21, 155n18, 156n24, 157, 161, 162, 166, 177n97–98, 179, 250–252, 255–258, 260, 262–266, 279, 294, 306, 309n21, 310, 324n43, 316, 318, 324, 328, 340, 341, 345, 346, 458n4.
ʿAli b. Abi Ṭalib/Ali b. Abu Ṭalib; Imam Baqir; Imam Husayn shrine; Twelve Imams; individual Imami shrines
Shiv Sena party
337, 338, 359
Shiva (Hindu deity)
339
shoes
140, 141, 481
shrine
1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11–13, 16–22.
Bhuleshwar shrine; dargah/dergah; Haci Bektaş Veli lodge and shrine; Makli Necropolis; maqam; mazar/mazor; Panchakki shrine; qadamgah; Shaykh Sharaf shrine; turba/türbe/tyrbe; ziyaratgah
.
lists under Baghdad; Bombay; dome; Khwārazm; Karbala; Samarra
destruction of
12, 13, 13n45, 493
scape
149, 160, 161, 179, 180
shurta (police force)
75
Siddi (Afro-Indian Muslims)
345n29, 355
signet ring of Prophet Muhammad
311, 312
silsila (chain of transmission of esoteric knowledge and authority)
38, 153, 253, 406, 408, 421, 426, 462n24, 494–496, 495n19, 497n26, 498, 506.
lineage of saints
Sinemilliler ocak
253
slave
80, 126, 234, 367, 370, 371, 374
slavery
368, 371
slippers
.
see shoes
slum
22, 52, 349, 354, 355, 362
sofa (square domed room)
231, 232, 234, 236, 236n51
spatial
1, 2, 6, 6n19, 11, 13–16, 20–22, 24, 37, 42, 54n56, 58, 179, 205, 222n4, 230, 249, 272, 303, 304, 313, 317, 329, 330, 354, 367, 369, 372, 383, 388, 399, 417–419, 426, 432, 433, 437, 454, 455, 457, 484, 494, 496, 505, 508
square, public
383–389
stele
93, 94, 96, 99, 101, 103–105, 108
Sufi lodge/convent
.
see individual lodges/convents
.
dargah/dergah; khanqah; ribat; tekke/tekye; zawiya
Sufi order
.
see tariqa
.
Bayrami/Bayramiyya; Bektashi/Bektashiyye; Chisti/Chishtiyya; Haqqani/Haqqaniyya; Hurufi/Hurufiyya; Kubravi/Kubraviya; Khalwati/ Khalwatiyya; Layene; Madariyya; Mevlevi; Muridiyya; Naqshbandi/Naqshbandiyya; Qadiri/ Qadiriyya; Qalandar/Qalandariyya; Rifaʿi/ Rifaʿiyya; Shadhili/ Shadhiliyya; Suhrawardi/Suhrawardiyya; Tijani(s)/ Tijaniyya; Wafaʾi; Yesevi/Yasawiyya
Sufi spiritual master
4, 5, 8, 14, 20, 35, 40, 42, 45, 50, 53, 59, 63, 64, 70, 72, 74, 75, 81–83, 90, 91, 95–97, 101, 106, 117, 127, 137, 157, 174, 177n97, 187, 208, 225, 251, 347, 360n60, 362, 367, 370–376, 379, 380, 388, 417, 418, 418n3, 421–424, 426, 428, 429, 431, 433, 440, 448, 461, 474, 474n39, 476, 477, 495n21, 503n36.
mürşid/murshid; pir
Suhrawardi/Suhrawardiyya Sufi order
271, 271n6, 273, 347
Sunna
69, 72, 75–78, 422, 423, 480
Sunni
46, 69, 77, 249, 279, 306–308, 306n13, 316n48, 321n66, 340, 355, 374, 388, 389, 429, 479, 487, 489, 492, 493, 499n27
surahs, Qurʾanic
.
see Qurʾanic surahs and verses.
taalibe (disciple, pupil of a Sufi master)
368.
disciple; murid
tabarruk (transmission of baraka)
139
tabut (martyr’s coffin)
341
takhoratkhana (room for small ablution rituals)
171
tariqa/tariqat/tarikat (spiritual path; Sufi order)
4, 13, 40, 56, 72, 73, 83, 90, 126, 163n53, 207, 223, 223n10, 271, 314, 351, 355, 371, 372, 374–390, 378n24, 397, 400–410, 412–414, 417n3, 421–423, 425, 425n31, 426, 428, 430, 431, 433, 474n39 and 40, 478, 480, 481, 488n5, 494–496, 495n19, 498
tasawwur (image of a saint)
441, 443
tawhid/tevhid/tevhit, (one-ness of God)
175, 283, 304, 321n65 and 66, 351
taʾwiz (amulet)
443
tax
57, 68, 78, 135, 367–371, 379, 382
taza (clean, pure)
169
taʾzyeh (Imam Husayn’s dome in procession)
341, 345
tekke/tekye (Sufi convent/lodge)
15, 117–119, 124, 129, 131–133, 135, 221, 235, 252, 302, 321, 322, 322n72, 326, 419, 421.
Haci Bektaş Veli Tekke; Taş Oluk Tekke
.
under Bektashi: convents in Iraq
tekkenişin (head of convent/lodge)
252n16, 255, 259n43, 260
temple
13n45, 337–339, 341, 344, 359, 360
texts
.
see individual titles
textual
11n36, 18, 21, 37, 56, 94, 149, 159, 160, 160n39, 168, 174, 202, 221, 227, 237, 240, 253, 270, 272, 274, 275, 277n28, 296, 311n31, 455
threshold
117, 118, 211, 252n15, 277, 314, 320, 330, 450, 451.
eşik
Tijani/Tijaniyya Sufi order
22, 24, 366, 371, 372, 374, 376–378, 378n24, 381, 383, 388, 397–414, 495
Timurid Dynasty
18, 150, 151, 154, 158, 159, 319, 319n57, 421
tomb
1, 2, 3, 6–14, 13n45, 15n51, 17–20, 25, 36, 37, 44–46, 53–58, 64, 81, 83–85, 90–93, 96–106, 108–110, 117n3, 122, 123, 125, 132, 135, 142, 162, 163, 176, 176n94, 177n97, 180, 198n28, 225, 230–232, 231n35, 234, 234n43, 236, 237, 252, 255–257, 260–265, 270, 275, 275n22, 277, 278, 282–286, 289, 306n11, 319, 319n57, 327, 346, 355, 359, 360n60, 362, 401, 419, 420, 423, 441, 460–464, 467, 469–472, 473n38, 476, 477, 479–482, 484, 488–493, 493n16, 504, 505, 508.
grave; gravesite; maqbara; qabr; turba; shrine; ziyara/ziyarat; ziyaretgah
traces, saintly
9, 17, 18, 117–120, 119n5, 126, 128, 130–132, 135, 139, 142, 143, 174, 183, 184, 210.
relic
tree
48, 51–53, 123, 190, 254, 309n19, 310, 343, 386, 452, 470
turba/turbat/türbe/tyrbe (tomb shrine)
16, 38, 54, 117, 122–126, 131–133, 167n65.
grave; gravesite; maqbara; qabr; tomb; shrine
ulama (Muslim scholars)
41n17, 178, 184, 207, 211, 240, 408, 409, 424, 427, 428, 492
al-Uns al-Jalil bi-taʾrikh al-Quds wa-l-Khalil (The Glorious History of Jerusalem and Hebron)
53
urban
2, 3n8, 14–16, 20, 23, 36, 40, 58, 80, 81, 92, 109, 196, 225, 226, 238, 243, 310, 304, 307, 308, 329, 366, 367, 370–372, 376, 379–384, 389, 402, 414, 417n3, 419, 424, 442, 460, 472n36, 488, 490
fabric
22, 335, 336, 338, 340, 341, 342, 346, 348, 362, 363, 363n67, 487, 490
landscape
3, 7, 17, 35, 36n3, 90, 487
network
377
ʿurs (festival to commemorate a saint’s death and unification with God)
8, 342, 347, 355, 360n60, 437, 440, 441, 443, 445, 446
vahdet-i vücud (metaphysical concept of Unity of Being)
304
Vilayet-name (Book of Sainthood)
of Hajim Sultan
125–127, 127n47
of Hajji Bektash Veli
124, 125, 128
of ʿOthman Baba
123
violence
12, 69, 78, 307, 335, 337, 338, 340, 363, 389
visions
1, 4, 6, 11, 11n36, 19, 25, 26, 75, 183–185, 205, 208, 209, 211–214, 241n36, 292, 296, 310n25, 319, 321, 336, 337, 341, 342, 345, 348, 362, 426, 488, 503, 503n35–36, 505, 505n40, 506, 508
Vishnu (Hindu deity)
339
Wafaʾi Sufi order
251n12, 254, 305n10
Wahhabism
11, 12, 14, 407–409, 413, 424, 429.
Salafi/Salafiyya
walaya (closeness to God; sainthood)
1
wali/veli (Friend of God; saint)
1, 6, 68, 166n62, 292, 362, 433, 441, 445, 487, 491, 496, 502n34, 506.
awliyaʾ; Friends of God
waqf/vakf (charitable endowment)
44, 54, 206, 234, 324
waqfiyya/vakfıyye (deed of waqf/vakf)
222, 237, 238n54, 239n55, 240n58, 255, 257, 257n35, 258, 262, 411
weapons, wooden
125–129, 132, 133
well
385, 386
West African Airways Corporation (WAAC)
405
West African Pilgrim Agency (WAPA)
405
wilaya/wilayat (exercise of spiritual power on earth; sacred dominion of a saint)
1, 433, 440
window
7, 172, 176, 230, 234–237, 236n51, 289
wird (devotional prayer)
409, 495, 497, 506
World War I
408
World War II
, 409, 410
Yesevi/Yasawiyya Sufi order
126, 253
zahir/zahiri (exoteric)
41, 153, 153n13, 273n15, 308, 320, 496, 497
zakir (Alevi liturgical hymnist)
316, 322
zawiya/zaviye (small residence of the shaykh; Sufi lodge)
9, 15, 25, 41, 42, 44, 45, 51–54, 54n56, 56–58, 63, 90, 91, 98–102, 104, 108, 221, 224, 224n13, 225, 230n33, 231, 232n40, 239, 239n55, 255, 257, 372, 374, 377, 378, 382, 404, 410, 412, 412n58, 419, 424–426, 430, 431, 489, 489n7, 494–496, 495n19, 499–508, 499n28
zaviyedar (keeper of the Sufi convent/lodge)
259
Zaza (Kurdish language)
301, 301n1, 304n6
zir-i sarparasti (deputy patron of a Sufi lineage)
355
ziyara/ziyarat (visitation of graves; sites and performance of pilgrimage)
15, 38, 42, 56, 83, 104, 162, 163n48, 184, 187, 189, 190, 193, 194, 196, 198, 205, 206, 208, 209, 212, 213, 401, 420, 458, 460, 463, 467, 472, 476, 477, 481, 482, 505.
pilgrimage
ziyaratgah/ziyoratgoh (place of pilgrimage)
176, 186, 346
ziyaretname (written testimony of one’s visit to sites of pilgrimage)
251, 252, 252n14
Zoroastrianism
345