Index of Names and Places
Aali Pacha
262
263
266
271
ʿAbbās Alesinloye
562
ʿAbbās Ḥilmī Pasha (1813–1854)
206
ʿAbbās the First
407
416
ʿAbbās II
354
ʿAbbāsī, Muṣṭafā Khāliqdād
64
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Ibn Sa‘ūd (1902–1953)
605
ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn Sharaf al-Dīn (1873–1957)
289
293
ʿAbd al-Rāziq, ʿAlī (1888–1966)
363
430
ʿAbdallāh (roi)
600
611
ʿAbdīn Palace
194
209
216
ʿAbduh, Muḥammad (1849–1905)
17
27
285
351
354
357
362
363
365
368
376
421
482
486
487
489
506
ʿAbdülhamid II (1842–1918)
304
384
400
508
510
511
Abdulkadiri, Emir of Ilorin (1919–1959)
566
577
ʿAbdülmecīd I (1823–1861)
217
Abdülmelik Hamza Bey
273
Abdulrazak, Fawzi
517
Abeokuta
553
566
573
578
Abhā
609
Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq
454
Abū Dāwūd, Sulaymān (817–888)
Abū Tammām (m. 804–845)
498
Abū l-Faḍl (1551–1602)
63
Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim (1929–2001)
185
Académie arabe
296
Académie des sciences morales et politiques
263
Acerbi, Giuseppe (1773–1846)
181
183
Achilles
177
Adabiyya Institute of Arabic Sciences (Ma‘had al-ʿulūm al-ʿarabiyya li-l-jamāʿa al-adabiyya)
576
Adana
359
Adīnazāda Khaṭlānī Mullā Sharīf Sāmī (c. 1906–1995)
al-Afghānī, Jamāl al-Dīn (1838–1897)
Africa
6
12
27
244
435
436
440
442
553
554
558
572
573
631
634
al-Aḥdab, Ibrāhīm (1827–1891)
152
Ahl-i hadīth
145
Aḥmad ʿUrābī pacha (1841–1911)
305
Ahmadabad
71
Ahmadi, Ahmadiyya
239
570
580
Ahmed Cevdet Pacha
253
254
Ahmed Tevfik Pacha
270
al-Aḥsāʾ 596, 605
ʿAʾisha (femme du Prophète)
29
422
427
454
Aitken, Edward Hamilton (1851–1909)
245
Akay, Emre
254
Akbar (1556–1605)
63
64
71
76
77
82
Akhtar, Muhammad Saleem
76
Āl al-Shaykh
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (n. 1943)
612
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbdallāh b. Ḥasan (m. 1990)
595
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm
595
603
ʿAbd al-Latīf b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
603
ʿAbd al-Malik b. Ibrāhīm
603
Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm (m. 1969)
592
593
603
605
611
ʿUmar b. Ḥasan (m. 1975)
592
603
Āl ʿUthmān
510
Alabi, Muḥammad Jumʿa (see also Tāju l-adab)
564
Alam, Muzaffar
87
al-Anṣārī, ʿAlī ʿIzzat
429
al-Anṣārī, Zakariyā
101
Alavi, Seema
145
al-Albānī, Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn (1914–1999)
31
32
514
626
d’Alembert, Jean le Rond (1717–1783)
154
Aleppo
314
Alexandre Dumas fils (1824–1895)
353
Alexandria
184
204
205
209
220
408
416
421
637
Alfred, king
454
Alger, Algiers
182
499
ʿAbd al-Rāziq, ʿAlī (1888–1966)
363
430
ʿAbd al-Rāziq, Muṣṭafā (1885–1947)
352
ʿAlī Pacha Mubārak (1823–1893)
14
ʿAlī Yūsuf (1863–1914)
353
ʿAlī, Sayyid Amīr (1849–1928)
235
Aligarh
235
238
ʿAlīmī, Ṣāliḥ (d. 1823)
561
Allemagne (see also Germany)
365
Alliance israélite universelle
20
al-Ālūsī, Abū l-Thanāʾ (1802–1854)
58
al-Ālūsī, Maḥmūd Shukrī (1856–1924)
483
486
487
512
al-Amāsī, Sinān al-dīn Yūsuf (d.1591/92)
106
America
16
157
240
625
American, américain(e)
154
157
215
290
301
384
399
401
414
425
427
440
444
597
600
629
638
American University in Cairo
425
Amīn, Aḥmad (1886–1954)
285
287
425
429
Amīn, Qāsim (1865–1908)
28
34
240
298
368
370
371
405
406
408
409
413
415
416
418
420
423
424
ʿAmr ibn al-Layth (d. 902)
83
Amu Darya river
530
538
Anatolia / Anatolie
6
49
142
Andalusia
37
152
184
Anderson, Jon
639
Angleterre, 265, 268, 292, 299–300 (see also England, Great Britain)
anglais
263
269
273
289
291
292
298
299
301
303
306
600
anglo-saxon
27
28
291
489
492
Ankara
273
Anṣāru l-Islam Society
565
576
581
al-Anṣārī, Zakariyā (1420–1520)
101
al-Anṭākī, Dāwūd (m. 1599)
495
Antiquité/Antiquity
22
49
50
60
64
378
417
469
Anṭūn, Faraḥ (1874–1922)
359
362
364
Anūshīrwān
81
82
Apanpa, Sumonu (ʿUthmān)
558
al-ʿAqqād, Shākir (d.1808)
100
Arabie saoudite, Saoudien (see also Saudi Arabia)
16
31
33
37
499
586
592
594
596
598
600
601
603
607
611
617
624
625
ʿArafa, Sharīf
32
ʿArīf ʿUthmān (1872–1965)
522
Aristote, Aristoteles, Aristotelian
52
54
137
186
489
Armée du Salut
299
Arménie, arménien
262
359
384
398
473
Arslān, Shakīb (Chékib Arslan1869–1946)
17
573
Arya Samaj
236
Asad, Talal
98
Asia, Asie 157, 244, 247, 435, 441
South Asia, Asie du Sud
66
70
72
73
78
229
230
521
529
541
Central Asia, Asie centrale
12
15
58
66
527
529
531
534
535
537
542
544
546
548
631
al-Asīr, Yūsuf (1815–1889)
152
Āsiya
427
ʿAsīr
605
al-Aṣmaʿī (d. 831)
371
567
Assemblée égyptienne
497
Assmann, Jan
36
ʿAṭṭār
542
Aturkumamī al-Barnāwī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh (ca. 1883–1945)
573
Augustin (Saint)
396
Austria, Autriche, autrichien
181
262
Averroès (1126–1198)
362
ʿAwfī, Sadīd al-dīn Muḥammad (d. 1232)
83
Awliyāʾ, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jān (1920–1991)
535
538
al-ʿAynayn, Māʾ (m. 1910)
512
al-Azhar (université), azharien
11
13
147
149
352
376
420
422
483
484
489
506
507
517
578
627
632
ʿAzīz Khwāja (1888–1976)
538
Bā ʿAlawī (famille)
511
Bāb (see also Shīrāzī, Sayyid ʿAlī Muḥammad)
244
Babalola, Joseph (1904–1960)
563
al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, Muṣṭafā
408
511
572
575_576
Badakhshan
531
Badāʾūnī, ʿAbd al-Qādir (1540–1615)
71
Bagarry, Alphonse
389
Bagdad/Baghdad, bagdadien/Baghdadian
128
454
511
606
al-Baghdādī, Ismāʿīl Bāshā (?-1920)
138
Bahār (1884–1951)
21
Bakht er Ruda
443
445
447
450
453
457
al-Bakrī, Muṣṭafā (1688–1749)
513
520
Balkans
510
Balkh
112
Balqīs
427
Bamigbola, Muḥammad Jumʿa
573
578
Bambridge, Reverend
236
Banī Suwayf
213
al-Bannā, Ḥasan (1906–1949)
430
578
621
622
626
627
629
Bāqī Billāh (1564–1603)
73
74
84
86
Bāqir Khān, Muḥammad (d.1637)
66
68
86
Barberousse
259
al-Barghūthī
253
Bartle Frere, Henry Edward (1815–1884)
234
240
al-Bārūdī, Maḥmūd Sāmī (1839–1904)
498
al-Barzanjī
573
Basyūnī, ʿAbd al-Munʿim
430
Bauer, Thomas
124
Bawa, Shuʿayb
557
Bayly, Christopher (1945–2015)
30
al-Bayrūtī, Muḥammad Saʿīd Bak Iyās
511
Bāz, Jirjī (1881–1959)
289
Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770–1827)
375
Beeton, Mrs
34
412
Begore, Muḥammad (b. 1913)
557
559
Behar, Cem
209
Beirut (see also Beyrouth)
28
313
316
318
319
406
412
415
423
572
639
Belgrade
259
Bellino, Francesca
11
12
22
Benigni, Elisabetta
20
34
Benin Republic
575
Benjamin, Walter (1892–1940)
173
Bergson, Henri (1859–1941)
30
Berlin
271
415
430
639
Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, Jacques-Henri (1737–1814)
23
353
356
361
363
370
Berque, Jacques (1910–1995)
301
Besant, Annie (1847–1933)
244
246
Bey, Essad
271
Beyoǧlu
317
324
325
Beyrouth, beyrouthin (see also Beirut)
281
287
290
295
296
301
305
384
388
391
396
397
399
401
483
506
508
510
512
516
Bhit Shah
242
Bhopāl
145
146
Bible
34
384
398
564
Bīdākī, Dāmulla Iskandar
538
542
Bibliothèque du Bureau de Traduction
263
264
Bibliothèque orientale
138
386
388
Biesterfeld, Hans Hinrich
127
Birgili ou Birgivī, Meḥmed Efendī (1522–1573)
5
6
22
33
37
49
60
105
106
111
116
118
Birnbaum, Eleazar
139
al-Bishtilī, Yūsuf
406
410
413
419
423
al-Bīṭār, ʿAbd al-Razzāq (1837–1917)
481
484
486
al-Bītār, Muḥammad Bahjat (m. 1976)
591
Blachère, Régis (1900–1973)
128
131
Blavatsky, Helena (1831–1891)
244
246
Bliss, Daniel (1823–1916)
399
Bliss, Howard (1860–1920)
399
Boileau, Nicolas (1636–1711)
390
Boivin, Michel
14
16
Bombay
228
236
Bonaparte, Napoléon (1769–1821), Napoleonic
3
9
23
176
179
180
256
427
Bonebakker, Seger Adrianus (1923–2005)
4
8
Bonner, Michael
118
Bosphore
251
274
Botta, Mario
185
Bouquet, Olivier
10
14
16
311
330
332
337
341
Bourdieu, Pierre (1930–2002)
97
200
399
Bozarslan, Hamit
31
Bräckelmann, Suzanne
414
Brezhnev
535
Britain
52
435
436
438
440
441 (see also A
Gra
Brocchi, Gian Battista (1772–1826)
176
183
Brown, Peter
6
49
55
60
Buddha
246
Buisson, Ferdinand (1841–1932)
400
Bukhara
69
102
527
528
531
532
534
535
538
540
556
Bukhārī, Farīd (m. 1616)
74
76
77
109
al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad (810–870)
514
534
al-Bukhārī, Aḥmad Makhdūm al-Ṣiddīqī (1826/7–1897)
532
al-Bukhārī, Salīm (1851–1928)
481
485
al-Bukhārī, Ṭāhir ibn Aḥmad (1089–1147)
54
Būlāq
11
176
177
184
196
Burayda
609
Burhānpūrī, ʿAlī Muttaqī (1480/81–1567/68)
71
Burke, Peter
175
185
Burton, Richard Francis (1821–1890)
230
231
al-Būsīrī (m. 1294)
522
al-Būsīrī b. Hārūn, ʿAbd al-Ra’ūf b. Muḥammad
558
al-Bustānī, Buṭrus/Boutros (1819–1883)
13
22
27
125
131
138
152
158
283
al-Bustānī, Fuʾād Afrām (1905–1994)
155
al-Bustānī, Najīb (d.1919)
155
al-Bustānī, Nasīb (d.1913)
155
al-Bustānī, Salīm (d.1884)
283
302
304
305
357
al-Bustānī, Sulaymān (d. 1925)
155
Butler, Alfred Joshua (1850–1936)
213
Cairo (see also Le Caire)
16
31
32
34
58
146
150
171
176
181
182
202
204
206
208
209
212
213
220
222
273
281
283
285
286
290
291
293
298
352
372
379
406
409
411
413
415
417
422
425
427
428
482
484
486
489
490
492
499
506
507
510
572
773
575
578
632
634
Cairo National Library
176
Calcutta
146
229
Callimaki (Famille)
266
Caradja (Famille)
266
Carathéodory (Famille)
266
Carathéodory, Alexandre (1833–1906)
266
271
Carcy, Frédéric de (1814–1889)
193
194
Casanova, Pascale
180
Caucasus
531
Central Hindu College
245
Çeşim Āfet Ḳadın Efendi (1830–1907)
217
Cevdet, Abdullah (1869–1932)
254
Ceylon
441
Champollion, Jean-François (1790–1832)
181
Charkhī, Mawlānā Ya‘qūb
535
Charle, Christophe
29
Charlemagne
455
Chartier, Roger
18
402
Chateaubriand, François-René de (1768–1848)
353
363
364
372
Cheikho, Louis (Père) (1859–1927)
301
386
388
Chennells, Ellen
215
217
Cherif-Chebbi, Leila
58
Chevaliers de Saint-Jean
259
Chiabotti, Francesco
11
China/Chine, Chinese/Chinois
38
58
272
376
388
537
Chishtiyya
72
Chodkiewicz, Michel
505
513
521
Christ (see also Jésus)
25
392
399
Church Missionary Mission
236
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
244
Churchill, Winston (1874–1965)
440
Cicurel
409
Clot, Antoine-Barthélémy (1793–1868)
203
204
Cocteau, Jean (1889–1963)
362
Cohen, Andrew
441
Columbus, Christopher (1451–1506)
453
Comité du commandement du bien et de l’interdiction du mal
587
590
592
595
596
598
600
603
604
608
610
613
615
616
Commins, David
481
509
Compagnie de Jésus
384
389
395 (see also Jésuites/Jesuits)
Compagnie des Indes orientales
23
Comte, Auguste (1798–1857)
23
30
499
Conférence du Caire
296
Congrès de Paris (1856)
262
Constantine
517
Constantinople (see also Istanbul)
182
217
269
Consultative Chamber of Deputies (see also Majlis shūrā al-nuwwāb)
212
Cook, Michael
54
116
587
Creech Jones, Arthur
441
Croix-Rouge
273
Cromer, Evelyn Baring, lord (1841–1917)
356
438
Crozet, Pascal
174
Curzon, Lord (1898–1911)
260
Dahomey
575
Dallal, Ahmad
24
Damas, Damascus
51
58
94
97
100
105
106
116
117
124
146
284
287
304
326
481
483
485
487
497
499
515
517
522
Damietta
174
al-Dār al-miṣriyya al-lubnāniyya
32
Dara Feroze Mirza (1937–2007)
245
Dārā Shikūh (1615–1659)
84
86
Darfur
445
454
Darwin, Charles (1809–1882)
30
157
174
289
al-Dasūqī, Sāliḥ ibn Muḥammad (1785–1831)
116
Dayaram Jethmal Science College
235
de Brancovan, Bessaraba (1876–1933)
268
De Leon, Edwin (1818–1891)
214
215
Deccan
228
230
Delanoue, Gilbert (1930–2002)
506
Delhi
15
24
63
70
74
77
78
83
85
86
144
228
230
248
Demolins, Edmond
34
285
290
291
293
416
Deoband (université)
13
537
Derakhshān, Ḥoseyn
640
Dewey, John
444
Dickens, Charles (1812–1870)
34
35
Diderot, Denis (1713–1784)
154
362
Dihlawī, ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Muḥaddith (1551–1642)
63
66
69
84
Dihlawī, Nūr al-Ḥaqq ( ?-1662)
74
al-Dijwī, Ḥasan Tawfīq
291
Djeddah
601
604
609
Dreher, Josef
505
507
509
510
513
Duben, Alan
209
Dudoignon, Stéphane
12
15
33
Dupont, Anne-Laure
15
16
95
96
339
341
Durkheim, Émile (1858–1917)
30
35
407
408
426
431
437
Dushanbe
531
533
536
540
541
548
Efendi, Halet (1761–1822)
256
Efendi, Kınalızâde Ali (m. 1572)
253
Efendi, Yirmisekiz Mehmed Said (m. 1761)
251
258
259
Égypte, Egypt, Egyptian, égyptien
1
2
5
8
10
13
14
16
17
19
21
23
25
28
34
35
37
103
128
147
148
171
172
174
176
178
181
183
186
193
197
199
202
203
205
221
240
270
273
281
283
285
286
290
294
297
300
302
306
351
354
357
359
363
365
367
369
375
379
399
405
419
421
426
428
430
435
440
442
446
453
483
485
487
497
498
506
508
572
575
576
578
579
590
591
603
621
625
627
628
633
637
640
Eisenstein, Elizabeth (1923–2016)
13
Elger, Ralf
23
24
Elias, Norbert (1897–1990)
1
3
18
20
36
37
49
50
59
93
97
198
199
219
220
282
355
365
386
387
396
402
Eliot, George (1819–1880)
417
Elizabeth the First
427
El-Rouayheb, Khaled
24
132
135
142
Elshakry, Marwa
174
Empire ottoman (see also Ottoman Empire)
1
3
10
12
14
16
23
25
26
28
37
50
123
124
133
171
176
183
184
194
195
257
283
293
306
324
325
328
384
481
509
510
England (see also Angleterre, Britain)
239
340
405
427
453
Érasme, Erasmus
18
282
Ernst, Carl
65
Espagne/Spain
257
271
453
Essad Pacha
271
Estève (1805–1873) (Père)
387
388
États-Unis
270
292
293 (see also America
Américai
Europe
1
3
13
15
18
20
23
27
29
30
34
36
37
49
59
134
135
150
157
171
176
181
183
185
186
193
195
199
201
202
204
210
219
221
233
240
244
251
266
270
271
304
306
311
322
325
326
331
332
336
341
353
362
392
412
413
415
423
430
573
Evliya Çelebi (1611–1682)
135
Expédition d’Égypte
2
23
176
al-Faḍlī al-Kamārī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Faḍl (d. 991)
102
Fahd (roi)
597
601
616
Fahim, ʿAlī
572
Fahmī, Manṣūr (Mansour Fahmy)
407
408
Fakhr-i Mudabbir (1157–1236)
83
al-Fanjarī, Aḥmad Shawqī
360
al-Fārābī, Abū Naṣr Muḥammad (872–950)
130
Faraḥ, Muḥammad Tawfīq
430
Farīd, Muḥammad bey
430
al-Fāryābī, Maḥmūd ibn Aḥmad (d.1210/1211)
54
al-Fāsī, Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Tijānī
520
Fatehpur Sikri
71
Fāṭima al-Nabawiyya
427
al-Fawzān, Sāliḥ (n. 1935)
612
Fayṣal b. Turkī
588
Fayyoum/Fayyum
213
413
415
429
Fénelon, François de La Mothe-Fénelon (1651–1715)
23
34
377
405
416
Ferghana
531
533
536
538
Ferry, Jules (1832–1893)
391
Fès, Fez
13
511
519
al-Fiqī, Ibrāhīm
32
al-Fīrūzābādī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʽqūb (d.1414)
125
151
153
Fleischer, Cornell
184
Fleury, Claude (1640–1723) (Abbé)
377
Foucault, Michel (1926–1984)
12
35
France
18
34
36
37
172
185
193
256
259
265
269
303
314
360
364
375
388
391
405
408
410
413
453
Franchet, Charles (1807–1879)
388
François-Xavier, saint (m. 1556)
388
Friedmann, Yohanan
74
Fuad Pacha
266
269
271
Furber, Musa
112
al-Fūtī, ʿUmar (m. 1864)
519
Fuzulî (1483–1556)
265
Gabrieli, Francesco (1904–1996)
4
Galland, Antoine (1646–1715)
138
Gambetta, Léon (1838–1882)
15
Gaskell, Elizabeth (1810–1865)
413
Gattegno
409
Gaza
628
Genette, Gérard
516
Georgeon, François
17
Germany
8
564 (see also Allemag
al-Ghāmidī, Aḥmad Qāsim (b.1964)
610
613
Ghana
575
al-Ghayth, Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbdallāh
603
Ghazal, Amal
504
506
511
513
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid (1058–1111)
33
53
54
78
80
112
136
146
375
422
42>5
429
484
486
488
491
538
Ghazir
386
397
Ghonim, Wael (b. 1980)
625
Giovanni Battista Pioda (1857–1864)
271
Gladstone
424
Gold Coast
441
575
Gorbachev
534
Grande-Bretagne
365 (see also A
Britai
E
Greece / Grèce
49
Greeks
5
6
19
26
27
32
33
49
54
63
64
79
152
154
156
172
173
184
399
409
410
414
419
421
Griffiths, Vincent L. 435, 443–444, 446–451, 455, 457
Guicciardini, Francesco (1483–1540)
175
Guizot, François (1787–1874)
263
Gujarat
70
71
232
Gülen, Fethullah (b. 1941)
254
Guth, Stephan
4
8
14
15
17
305
Habermas, Jürgen
35
Hadot, Pierre (1922–2010)
6
54
Ḥājjī Khalīfa, Muṣtafā ibn ʿAbdallāh (1609–1657)
11
24
125
131
133
140
142
150
453
Al-Ḥakīm, Tawfīq (1898–1987)
17
Halil Şerif Pacha (1831–1879)
263
266
Hallaq, Boutros
354
374
Hamadānī, Muḥammad Ṣādiq Dihlawī Kashmīrī
69
Hamas
31
628
Ḥamidoune, Amine
510
518
519
Hamza b. al-ʿAbbās (1922–2017)
634
Hamzah, Dyala
27
95
96
al-Ḥamzāwī, Maḥmūd (1818–1887)
117
Ḥaqqī, Yaḥyā (1905–1992)
379
Harawī, Niẓām al-dīn Aḥmad (d. 1594)
71
al-Ḥārīrī, Muḥammad (1054–1122)
184
Hārūn al-Rashīd, caliph (d. 809)
83
606
Ḥasan ʿAlī Efendi (1830–1895)
235
237
238
248
Ḥasanābād
535
Hāshim, Labība (1882–1952)
406
412
414
417
418
421
423
425
al-Ḥaṣkafī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (1616–1677)
100
Haykal, Muḥammad Ḥusayn (1888–1956)
15
240
363
371
Haywood, John A. 453, 455
Hedayat, Sadegh (1903–1951)
17
Heinich, Nathalie
19
Hekekyan, Joseph (1807–1875)
206
d’Herbelot, Barthélemy (1625–1695)
138
Hermann, Rainer
481
al-Ḥifnī, Aḥmad (m. 1767)
415
al-Ḥifnī al-Miṣrī
520
Ḥifnī Nāṣif, Malak (1886–1918)
406
414
418
419
423
424
Ḥijaz
71
578
590
592
604
Hill, Peter
174
Hindustan
79
Hindustānī, Mawlawī (c. 1892–1989)
533
535
537
543
Hippocrate
495
Ḥisārī, ʿAbd al-Khalīl Jān (b. 1934)
534
539
Ḥisārī, Damullā Sharīf (c. 1899–1991)
535
537
543
Hitler, Adolf
440
Hodgkin, Robin A. 457
Hofheinz, Albrecht
2
24
31
38
543
Home Rule League
245
Homer, Homère
364
417
Horst, Heribert
4
8
Ḫōşyār Ḳadin Efendi (1813–1886)
214
216
Hugo, Victor (1802–1885)
351
358
Hulagu
454
al-Humayyin, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Humayyin
603
Hume, David (1711–1776)
35
Huntington, Samuel (1927–2008)
38
al-Ḥusayn
176
352
614
Ḥusayn, Ṭāhā (1889–1973) (Taha Hussein)
17
366
378
407
430
Hyderabad
228
230
237
241
245
246
Ibadan
552
553
556
558
559
562
563
566
567
569
573
575
578
Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, Muḥammad (1703–1792)
58
365
586
587
603
606
636
Ibn ʿAbd Rabbih, Aḥmad (860–940)
129
Ibn Abī Dunyā (823–894)
490
Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Muḥammad Amīn (d.1836)
22
24
25
33
37
93
94
96
118
Ibn ʿArabī, Muḥyī al-dīn Ibn al-ʿArabī (1165–1241)
115
425
487
512
513
Ibn Baṭūṭa
453
Ibn Bāz, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (m. 1999)
595
Ibn Bazzāz al-Kardarī
54
Ibn Blīhīd, ʿAbdallāh (m. 1940)
590
591
Ibn Farīghūn, Shaʿya
130
Ibn Ghānim al-Maqdisī
136
Ḥāfiẓ Ibrāhīm (1872–1932)
365
408
415
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (m. 1449)
514
Ibn al-Ḥājj (1258–1336)
408
Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad (780–855)
109
Ibn Ḥarāzim, Aḥmad al-Tijānī ʿAlī (m ca. 1802)
519
Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Andalūsī (994–1064)
130
490
Ibn Idrīs, Aḥmad (m. 1837)
517
522
Ibn Jumʿa
51
Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (1332–1406)
135
137
181
186
387
Ibn Mufliḥ (1310–1362)
491
Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ, ʿAbd Allāh
64
365
451
498
Ibn al-Nadīm, Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq
133
134
137
Ibn Nujaym, Zayn al-dīn (d.1563)
94
102
Ibn Qutayba, Abū Muḥammad (828–889)
127
129
Ibn Rushd, Abū l-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (1126–1198)
136 (see also Averroès)
Ibn Saḥmān, Sulaymān (1850–1930)
511
Ibn Sallum, Ṣālih (d.1671)
135
Ibn Sīna, Abū ʿAlī al-Husayn (980–1037)
130
136
146
484
Ibn Taymiyya (1263–1328)
482
484
486
487
491
Ibn Thābit, Ḥassān
504
Ibn ʿUthaymin, Muḥammad (1925–2001)
499
İbrahim (Ibrahim) Edhem Pacha
270
Ibrāhīm Ḥilmī (1860–1827)
216
Ibrāhīm Ilhāmī
206
Ibrāhīm Paşa/Pasha (1789–1848)
204
205
258
al-Ibshīhī, Bahāʾ al-dīn (1388–1446)
129
al-ʿIdwī, Ḥasan (m. 1303/1886)
507
Ikhlāṣī, Meḥmed
134
Ikhwān
58
589
590
592
596
617
636
638
Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ 130, 378
Ikirun
575
Īlākī, ʿAbd al-Raḥīm Dawlat
538
ʿIlīsh al-kabīr, Muḥammad
506
ʿIlīsh al-kabīr, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān
506
ʿIlīsh al-Ḥanafī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān
506
Ilorin
552
566
569
571
573
579
581
al-Ilūrī, Ādam (1917–1992)
577
579
581
Imperial Library of Brera
181
Imprimerie al-Adabiyya
506
510
511
Imprimerie Dār al-Kutub al-ʿarabiyya al-kubrā
506
Inci Ḫanim Efendi (d.1890)
214
India, Inde, Indian, indien
3
6
23
26
27
34
37
38
63
68
72
74
83
144
147
150
228
230
233
235
236
239
244
245
247
248
376
435
441
443
453
489
538
570
British India
228
241
248
Mughal India
6
63
66
76
Dutch Indies
13
North India, Northern India
67
86
145
228
229
537
Indian National Congress
235
245
Indus River, Indus Valley
228
231
233
237
Institut d’Égypte
176
Irak/Iraq, Irakien/Iraqi
453
467
483
606
621
Iran, Iranian, Iranien
2
16
26
65
66
78
312
453
463
468
470
475
477
483
606
621
ʿĪsā ʿUbayd (v. 1890–1922)
379
al-Iṣbahānī/al-Iṣfahānī, Abū l-Faraj
129
Ishān Majnūn (1911–1991)
533
Iskandar (Alexander)
540
al-Iskandarī, Ibn ʿAṭā Allāh (1259–1309)
492
‘Iṣmat Allāh, Rajab b. Aḥmad (after
1676) 106
Ismāʿīl Paşa / Ismaïl Pacha (1830–1895)
194
201
202
208
209
210
212
217
219
271
408
İsmet Pacha
260
Istanbul (see also Constantinople)
13
16
34
57
124
134
135
146
195
205
209
218
259
264
267
270
272
302
314
315
317
405
408
409
483
507
508
Itaki, Shams-ul-Din
44
Italy, Italie, Italian, italien
35
171
172
175
179
182
295
312
376
427
Ivanyi, Katharina
6
22
Ivory Coast
572
Iwo
566
İzzet Fuad Pacha
271
Jaeger, Werner (1888–1961)
6
49
50
59
60
Jahāngīr (1569–1627)
65
67
69
74
76
78
82
84
87
88
al-Jāḥiẓ (776–868/69)
127
429
P. Jalabert
389
402
al-Jalājilī al-Baṣrī (d. 900)
93
Jalāl, ʿUthmān (1829–1898)
362
al-Jamāʿa al-salafiyya al-muḥtasiba
595
Jandora, John W. 157
Japan
10
441
Java, Javanese
13
al-Jazāʾirī, ʿAbd al-Qādir (1807–1883)
485
al-Jazāʾirī, Abū Bakr (b. 1921)
626
al-Jazāʾirī, Aḥmad (1833–1902)
485
486
al-Jazāʾirī, Ṭāhir (1852–1920)
483
485
486
497
Jāzān
605
al-Jazūlī, Sulaymān (m. 1465)
58
511
Jeanne d’Arc (1412–1431)
396
417
Jerusalem
497
Jesus, Jésus (see also Christ)
244
246
384
389
395
399
451
Jethmal, Dayarām (1884)
245
246
Jibrān, Jibrān Khalīl (1883–1931)
353
355
372
al-Jīlānī, ʿAbd al-Qādir (d. 1077/78–1166)
75
561
565
al-Jisr, Ḥusayn
572
Johansen, Baber
111
118
Johnson, Samuel
555
Joseph (prophet)
624
Jotwani, Motilal (1936–2008)
232
al-Jundī, Anwar (1917–2002)
431
al-Juraydīnī, Sāmī
291
al-Jurjānī, ʿAbd al-Qādir (1009–1078)
352
Kabul
85
86
Kaḥḥāla, ʿUmar Riḍā (1905–1987)
138
Kalānzāda, Ḥajjī Mīrzā ʿAbdallāh (1925–2005)
534
536
544
Kamālu d-Dīn, Muḥammad Tukur (1907–2005)
566
Kāmil, Muṣṭafā (1874–1908)
297
358
360
Kano
573
578
Kant, Emmanuel (1724–1804)
31
33
35
489
Karachi
235
237
244
245
al-Karamānī, Abū Manṣūr
111
Karlowitz
260
Kāshifī, Ḥusayn Vāʿiẓ (840–910)
64
78
Kashmir
84
537
Kātib Čelebī (see also Ḥājjī Khalīfa)
133
al-Kattānī (famille)
11
511
ʿAbd al-Ḥayy (m. 1382/1962)
512
Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Kabīr
512
572
Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar (1858–1927)
11
Kattāniyya
572
al-Kāẓim, Mūsā (745–799)
289
Kemper, Michael
58
Kenya
441
Kermān, Kermāni
463
473
475
Khadīja
427
Khairpur
237
Khālid, ʿAmr (b. 1967)
630
637
639
Khālid (1975–1982) (roi)
595
Khālid-i Baghdādī (1776–1827)
485
Khaliqdina, Ghulam Husayn
238
Khaljī (dynastie)
70
Khaljī, ʿAlāʾ al-dīn (1296–1316)
69
Khalwatiyya
105
512
520
Khān, Sayyid Aḥmad (1817–1898)
235
238
241
248
489
Khān-i Khānān, ʿAbd al-Raḥīm (1556–1627)
74
75
al-Khānī
ʿAbd al-Majīd (1847–1901)
485
Muḥammad (l’Ancien, 1798–1862)
485
Muḥammad (le Jeune, 1831–1898)
485
al-Khāqānī, Nūr al-dīn Qāḍī
66
86
al-Kharāʾiṭī (854–939)
490
al-Kharashī, Sulaymān b. Ṣāliḥ
514
Khartoum
439
443
444
446
453
457
Khayyām, ʿUmar (1048–1131)
351
375
Khereddine Pacha (d.1890) (Khayr al-Dīn Pasha)
35
Khiva (khanate of)
527
Khomeynī, imam (m. 1989)
596
Khrushchev
534
545
547
Khurasan
66
al-Khūrī, Khalīl (1836–1907)
283
284
294
296
304
311
313
316
318
320
327
329
332
334
336
338
340
343
Khusraw Parwīz (570–628)
81
al-Khwārizmī, Muḥammad ibn Mūsā (780–850)
Kilito, Abdelfattah
354
367
379
Kilpatrick, Hilary
123
129
al-Kindī, Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq (801–873)
129
Kokand khanate
527
Konrad, Felix
16
19
Kordofan
445
Küçük Kaynarca
255
262
Kugle, Scott
71
74
Kuhbanān
463
469
473
475
Kuneralp, Sinan
251
Kürd Şerif Pacha
270
al-Kurdī, Faraj Allāh (m. 1940)
483
486
al-Kurdī, Muḥammad Amīn (m. 1914)
485
al-Kurdī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Ṣabrī (m. 1940)
483
al-Kurdī, Muṣṭafā
116
Kurdistan, Kurd, kurde, kurdish
34
386
483
485
Kuri, Sami
387
388
La Fontaine, Jean de (1621–1695)
390
La Mecque (see also Mecca)
467
471
482
508
517
590
596
602
604
609
610
613
614
La Salle, Jean-Baptiste de (1651–1719)
18
388
392
396
402
Laffan, Michael
14
Lagos
553
558
559
563
566
569
574
576
578
Lāhawrī, ʿAbd al-Sattār ibn Qāsim (d. 1619)
64
77
84
85
Lahore
66
86
Laʿl Shahbāz Qalandar (1177–1274/5)
231
246
247
Lamartine, Alphonse de (1790–1869)
332
367
416
Lanci, Michelangelo (1779–1867)
182
Lane, Edward William (1801–1876)
205
Lane-Poole, Sophia (1804–1891)
205
214
Laozi (Lao-Tseu)
451
Laoust, Henri (1905–1983)
26
Laroui, Abdallah
186
Lausanne
260
Lawrence, Bruce
85
al-Layl, Aḥmad Jamāl
603
Lebanon /Lebanese
16
17
30
34
313
326
571
572 (see also Liba
Le Bon, Gustave (1841–1931)
Le Caire (see also Cairo)
202
270
273
281
283
285
287
290
291
293
296
298
304
352
372
379
482
484
486
489
490
492
499
506
Lefèvre, Corinne
24
57
Léon XIII (pape)
394
Lévy-Brühl, Lucien
40è
408
426
Liban, Libanais (see also Lebanon)
284
287
289
351
362
373
388
397
470
504
Libya
182
Lisbon / Lisbonne
204
Lodī (dynastie)
70
London, Londres
439
446
Longchamp
263
Loraine, Sir Percy (1880–1961)
273
Lott, Emmeline
216
Louis-Philippe (roi)
204
Louvre
259
Lucknow
34
228
230
Lugard, Lord Frederick (1858–1945)
442
Luther, Martin (1483–1546)
18
Lüttke, Moritz
211
212
Lyon
388
al-Maʿarrī, Abū l-ʿAlā (973–1057)
368
375
377
378
Machhad/Mashhad
467
Machiavel, Nicolas / Machiavelli, Niccolò (1469–1527)
Madras
246
Madrid
259
Majdhūb, Muḥammad (d. 1831)
622
624
631
632
635
636
638
639
642
Maḥmal
590
Mahmud Celaleddin Pacha
253
Mahmud Esad
266
Maḥmūd II (m. 1839)
205
272
Maïmonide / Maimonides (1135–1204)
5
Majlis shūrā al-nuwwāb (see also Consultative Chamber of Deputies)
212
Majnūn
372
375
Makhdūm Burhān al-Dīn (b. 1938)
535
536
Makhdūm Ḥājjī (b. 1938)
535
al-Makkī, Abū Ṭālib (d. 996)
54
Maktaba Ẓāhiriyya
486
Malik Shāh (1055–1092)
83
Malinowski
539
Malte
300
384
Malwa
70
Mamluk
13
25
123
128
130
132
140
204
408
427
al-Ma’mūn, caliph (786–833)
83
Manchester
441
453
Mandawī, Muḥammad Ghawth
69
Mandu (India)
72
Manfalūṭ
352
al-Manfalūṭī, Muṣṭafā Luṭfī (1876–1924)
7
23
25
305
306
339
349
380
al-Manṣūr, caliph (714–775)
83
454
Manū
246
al-Maqrīzī (1364–1442)
14
184
Marais, Matthieu (1664–1737)
259
Maraş
142
Mardin
386
Maroc, marocain (see also Morocco, Moroccan)
511
517
519
Marquise de Biron
269
al-Marṣafī, Husayn (1815–1890)
35
180
Marseille
196
Marzolph, Ulrich
130
al-Mashriq
386 (see also al
Machreq)
al- Maṭbaʿa al-ʿarabiyya
484
Maṭbaʿat al-Saʿāda
483
Al-Maṭbaʿa al-salafiyya
430
Maṭbaʿat Kurdistān al-ʿilmiyya
483
484
486
Mawlay ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. al-Ḥasan (reg. 1894–1908)
511
Mayeur-Jaouen, Catherine
20
al-Māzinī, Ibrāhīm (1890–1949)
379
Mecca (see also La Mecque)
10
71
77
576
578
622
636
Medina / Médine
495
512
572
578
595
601
604
609
614
622
626
Méhémet Ali/ Mehmed Ali Paşa (1769–1849)
171
172
176
178
181
186
203
206
208
210
Mehmed Sadık Rifat Pacha
202
206
Meḥmed Saʿīd Paşa (1822–1863)
202
206
Meḥmed Tevfīḳ Paşa (1852–1892)
208
209
212
213
218
222
Meier, Astrid
22
24
37
Memon, Muḥammad Ṣiddīq (1880–1958)
232
Metcalf, Barbara
3
30
49
60
229
Mewārām, Permānand (1865–1938)
230
Middle East
127
133
201
311
312
316
317
330
336
339
340
436
537
541
567
570
571
573
574
578
639 (see also Moye
Midḥat, Aḥmed (1844–1912) // Midhat, Ahmed (1844–1913)
17
254
302
311
313
316
322
324
326
328
336
338
340
343
Mikhāʾīl, Francis
412
Al-Miknāsī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (d. 1557)
567
al-Minyā
213
Mirpur Khas
237
Mirzā Qalīch Beg (1853/55–1929)
34
228
229
238
248
Miskawayh (932–1030)
5
33
65
429
489
490
Mitchell, Timothy
96
Miyān Mīr (1550–1635)
72
85
Mongol (empire)
184
Montesquieu
377
Montpellier
423
Mörike, Eduard (1804–1875)
311
341
Morocco, Moroccan (see also Maroc, Marocain)
2
13
71
73
182
453
472
634
Moses
427
Mouline, Nabil
31
33
Moyen-Orient
298
489
522 (see also Middle East)
al-Muʿtaṣim, caliph (794–842)
83
al-Muʾayyad
353
572
Mubārak, Zakī (1892–1952)
425
Muḥammad (see also Prophet, Prophète)
52
69
72
81
115
241
246
289
359
385
495
504
506
508
512
518
529
537
539
542
543
561
Muhammad Abū l-Anwār
354
374
377
Muhanna, Elias
128
al-Muḥāsibī, al-Ḥārith (781–857)
54
56
491
al-Muḥibbī, Muḥammad (1651–1699)
37
Muhtar, Mahmud (1867–1935)
263
Mujāhid, Muḥammad
429
al-Mukhtār, Alfa Ya‘qūb b. Muḥammad
575
Mullā Shāh (d.1661)
85
al-Munajjid, Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ (b. 1960)
626
al-Murādī, ʿAlī (1720–1771)
37
571
al-Murādī, Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī (d. 1850)
99
al-Murādī, Sharīf ʿAbd al-Karīm Murād
571
Mūsā al-Kāzim
289
Mūsā, Muḥammad Yūsuf
425
Mūsā, Nabawiyya (1890–1951)
21
406
407
409
414
416
418
421
423
424
431
Mūsā, Salāma (1887–1958)
366
al-Mūsāwī, Ibn Sharaf al-Dīn
26
Mushtāqī, Rizqallāh (1495–1581)
70
Musset, Alfred de (1810–1857)
367
Mustafa Kemal (1874–1908)
33
272
273
Mustafa Reşid Pacha (1800–1858)
263
Musurus
266
Anna
270
Constantin (1807–1891)
268
Étienne (1841-)
268
271
Rachel
268
Mutawallī, Muḥammad Salīm
430
Muttaqī, ʿAlī
71
Muttaqī, ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (d.1592/93)
71
72
74
al-Muwayliḥī, Muḥammad (1868–1930)
218
375
Na Maʿaji, Ādam (d. 1944)
578
al- Nabahānī, Yūsuf b. Ismāʿīl (d. 1932)
504
522
Nablus
505
al-Nābulusī, ʿAbd al-Ghanī (1641–1731)
22
58
59
95
106
116
118
al-Nadīm, ʿAbdallāh (1843–1896)
133
134
137
201
302
Nafīsa
427
Najd
587
588
592
594
595
603
604
606
615
638
Najrān
605
Najīb, Nājī
354
369
al-Najjār, Muḥammad Ḥusayn
245
Najm-i-Thānī, Muḥammad Bāqir Khān
66
Nallino, Carlo Alfonso (1872–1938)
4
8
177
Nallino, Maria (1908–1974)
177
Napier, Charles James (General, 1782–1853)
228
237
244
Naqshbandiyya
73
115
485
486
512
535
536
National Mohamedan Association
235
al-Nawawī, Muḥyī al-dīn (1233–1277)
112
al-Nawwāb, Ismāʿīl
517
Nāyif b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (prince, m. 2012)
601
612
613
Nelson, Horatio (admiral, 1758–1805)
29
421
430
New York
244
363
616
Nigeria
7
441
442
552
553
555
556
559
563
564
569
581
Nightingale, Florence (1820–1910)
427
455
456
Nile river
290
436
438
443
Niẓām al-mulk (1018–1092)
78
83
Nubar Pacha (1825–1899)
204
205
Nubia
181
Nupe Emirate (Nigeria)
573
Nusserwanji Mehta, Jamshed (1886–1952)
245
al-Nuwayrī, Shihāb al-dīn (1268–1332)
129
130
Œuvre des Écoles d’Orient
384
Ogun
568
Ogunbiyi, Isaac A. 575
Okene
566
Old Oyo
552
555
559
578
Oman
628
Omo Ikokoro, Aḥmad b. Abī Bakr (d. 1936)
559
Opéra de Paris
263
Orfali, Bilal
130
Orimolade, Moses (1879–1933)
563
Oshogbo
558
Osun State (Nigeria)
575
Ottoman Empire (see also Empire ottoman)
2
3
10
12
14
23
25
26
28
37
50
123
133
171
176
183
184
194
195
324
325
328
Otun, Abu Bakrin
574
Pagani, Samuela
7
23
306
Pahlavi
469
Palestine, palestinien
23
3
305
505
Panipatī, Amānallāh (1471–1550/51)
70
Pānīpatī, Niẓām al-Dīn
65
Paret, Rudi
127
128
Paris, Parisian, Parisiens
148
151
193
196
202
204
259
262
263
266
268
271
272
298
299
318
369
402
411
417
Parlement ottoman
497
Parsis
236
237
245
Parsrām, Jethmal (1886–1947)
229
233
246
247
Parti National
358
Passarowitz
258
Pasteur, Louis (1822–1895)
454
Patrizi, Luca
38
Paul (Saint)
396
451
Peel, John D.Y. 552–555, 580–581
Pellat, Charles (1914–1992)
4
8
127
Pernau, Margrit
15
Persan, persane, Persian
2
8
10
19
21
24
27
34
63
65
67
68
70
73
77
127
134
145
146
173
232
234
237
239
242
243
247
261
320
333
416
451
463
473
488
490
Persia
3
5
81
244
Pertev Pacha
265
Peter the Great (1672–1725)
175
Pīrmuḥammadzāda, Hājjī Ismā‘īl (b. 1952)
540
541
Platts, John Thompson (1830–1904)
230
231
Pollard, Lisa
196
412
Premchand, Lilarām
246
Proust, Marcel (1871–1922)
269
270
Punjab
232
Qāḍī Khān (d.1196)
54
Qādirī, Mūsā (d.1593)
70
Qādiriyya, Qādirī
70
72
74
85
115
512
534
539
546
561
578
Qāḍīzade Meḥmed Efendī (1582–1635)
57
59
Qāḍīzadeli
58
Qajar
2
475
al-Qalqashandī, Abū l-ʿAbbās (1355–1418)
129
130
al-Qaṣabī, Ḥasan
290
al-Qaṣabī, Muḥammad (1839–1899)
290
al-Qaṣīm
597
Qāsim Amīn (1865–1908)
28
34
240
298
368
371
405
406
408
409
413
415
416
418
420
423
424
Qāsim, Muḥammad b. 239
al-Qāsimī, Jamāl al-Dīn (1866–1914)
481
482
484
488
490
499
38
al-Qaṣr al-ʽĀlī Palace
208
Qasr al-Nīl Palace
204
205
Qazwīnī (d. 1338)
559
Quint, Charles (1500–1558)
257
al-Qurashī, Abū Zayd (m. 786)
Quṭb, Sayyid (1906–1966)
561
Ra’s al-Tīn Palace
205
Radiguet, Raymond (1903–1923)
362
al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī, Abū l-Qāsim (d.1108)
129
490
Raḥmān, ʿAlī (ex-Rahmonov)
529
Rajab ibn Aḥmad ʽIṣmat Allāh
106
Rama Krishna
235
al-Rashīd, Ibrāhīm
517
Rawshān-Dilān
545
al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn (1149–1209)
130
513
Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem (1847–1914)
302
Reichmuth, Stefan
7
9
17
24
37
143
Renan, Ernest (1823–1892)
23
30
362
416
Renan, Henriette (1811–1861)
416
Riḍā bey, Muḥammad Aḥmad
426
429
Riḍā, Rashīd (1865–1935)
27
351
363
482
484
487
509
514
572
al-Rifāʿī, Aḥmad
509
al-Rifāʿī, ʿIzz al-Dīn Aḥmad al-Ṣayyādī
509
al-Rihānī, Amīn
589
609
Rhodes
259
Ripon, Lord (viceroy of India, 1827–1909)
235
Riyad
588
589
592
598
601
609
613
Roland the knight
454
Rome
268
271
Roper, Geoffrey
10
Roosevelt, Franklin (1882–1945)
440
Roosevelt, Theodore (1868–1919)
292
293
Rosenthal, Franz (1914–2003)
110
116
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712–1778)
359
361
363
371
416
Roussillon, Alain (1952–2007)
35
Roy, Olivier
38
Rūmī, Jalāl al-Dīn (1207–1273)
246
542
Ruphy, Jean-François
179
Russia, Russian, russe, Russie
23
26
58
233
262
270
272
527
531
532
534
537
539
541
548 (see also Soviet U
Rüstem Pacha
271
Sācaqlīzāde
Sadullah Pacha
270
271
Ṣaffārid, Saffarides
83
al-Ṣaḥwa al-islāmiyya (le Réveil islamique)
597
Saʿīd Paşa
202
206
214
220
Saïda
289
Saint-Pétersbourg
272
Saint-Simon (1760–1825)
30
Sāçaqlīzāde, Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr (d.1733)
125
131
141
144
Salām, ʿAnbara (1897–1986)
305
Salih Münir Pacha
263
272
Saljūqid
83
Samarqand
52529
537
538
al-Samarqandī, Abū al-Layth (944–983)
54
al-Sanad, ʿAbd al-Rahmān b. ʿAbdallāh
603
Sand, George (1804–1876)
417
Sang-i Kulūla (c. 1884–1964), Dāmulla Pīr Muḥammad b. Dāmulla Qurbān Parwāzī
540
al-Sanūsī, Muḥammad b. Yūsuf (1426–1490)
107
al-Sanūsī Muḥammad, called Alfa Sanusi Katibi
558
Sarkīs, Yūsuf Ilyān/Joseph Elian (1856–1932)
138
Sarmast, Sachal (1739–1827)
246
Sarpi, Paolo (1552–1623)
175
al-Sarrāj, Jaʿfar b. Aḥmad (m. 1106)
372
Ṣarrūf, Yaʿqūb (1852–1927)
283
290
Saudi Arabia (see also Arabie saoudite)
16
31
33
37
624
625
628
Savage, Umar
574
Sayf al-dīn (d.1582)
70
al-Ṣayyādī, Abū al-Hudā (1850–1909)
508
509
Schacht, Joseph (1902–1969)
111
Shaʿrāwī, Hudā (1879–1947)
409
418
al-Shawkānī, Muḥammad (c. 1760–1839)
636
School of Agriculture
172
School of Engineering
172
School of Mineralogy
172
School of Translation
172
Sehwan Sharif
231
234
Sehwānī, Fatḥ Muḥammad (1882–1942)
232
233
Seikaly, Samir
504
505
Senegal
36
572
Sénèque
378
Seri-Hersch, Iris
34
Sforza, Francesco (1401–1466)
177
Shādhiliyya
512
al-Shāfiʿī (767–820)
491
632
Shafīq, Aḥmad (1860–1940)
213
216
Shāh ʿAbd al-Karīm (1536–1623)
242
Shāh ʿInāyat
246
Shāh Jahān (1592–1666)
455
Shāhaṇī, Hiranand
236
Shahr-i Naw
546
Sharaf al-Dīn, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn
289
al-Shaʿrānī, ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (1493–1565)
487
al-Shartūnī, Saʿīd (1849–1912)
152
al-Shathrī, Saʿd (n. 1967)
611
613
Shaṭṭāriyya
72
al-Shaybānī, Muḥammad (749–805)
118
al-Shaybī, ʿAbdallāh
603
Sheehi, Stephen
153
Shendi
445
al-Shidyāq, Aḥmad Fāris (1804–1887)
152
153
507
521
Shikarpur
240
241
Shīngilīch
535
537
Shīngilīshī (Makhdūm Sultan)
542
Shīrāzī, Fatḥallāh (d.1588/1589)
64
Shīrāzī, Sayyid ʿAlī Muḥammad (1819–1850) (see also Bāb)
244
Shirt, George (1843–1887)
230
al-Shumayyil, Shiblī (v. 1850–1917)
300
al-Shuraym, Saʿūd ibn Ibrāhīm
111
al-Shurunbulālī, Ḥasan (1586–1659)
103
Ṣiddīq Ḥasan Khān, Muḥammad (1832–1890)
125
131
145
147; 149
158
Sierra Leone
572
574
Silvestre de Sacy, Antoine-Isaac (1758–1838)
182
Ṣīdnāwī, Salīm (Sednaoui)
287
Ṣīdnāwī, Samʿān (Sednaoui)
287
Simavi, Lütfî
267
Simon, Jules (1814–1896)
34
405
406
Sindh
14
228
230
232
235
237
239
243
246
248
Sindh Hindū Sabhā
235
236
Sindh Madressatul Islam
237
238
Sindh Muslim Adabi Society
233
Sindh Sahitiya Society
233
Singapore
441
Sirhindī, Aḥmad (1564–1624)
69
74
76
77
84
544
634
Sirry, Munʿim
481
487
Smiles, Samuel (1812–1904)
34
288
290
407
429
492
Smith, Joseph (1805–1845)
244
Ṣubḥī, ʿĀ’isha
420
Sokoto Caliphate
552
561
Soliman (1494–1566)
257
259
Soudan, Soudanais, Sudan, Sudanese
365
399
435
453
455
457
578
579
622
631
634
638
Soviet Union
12
15
33
38
527
531
533
535
537
544
546
548
Spain
453
Spencer, Herbert (1820–1903)
30
34
416
417
489
Staël, Madame de (1766–1817)
417
Staffe, Baronne (1843–1911)
34
410
411
Stalin
528
530
532
535
544
547
Steeg, Jules (1836–1898)
391
Stephenson, George
453
Suakin
622
Sudan, Sudanese (see also Soudan)
Suez Canal
202
215
438
440
Suhrawardī, Abū Ḥafs ʿUmar (1145–1234)
93
115
Suisse, Switzerland
266
270
271
453
Sukayna
427
Sulaymān Ṣulūn
454
Ṣumādiyya
105
al-Suyuṭī (m. 1505)
514
518
557
Syrian Protestant College
281
287
290
301
385
389
400
Syrian Scientific Society
157
Syria, Syrian, Syrie, Syrien
6
14
16
22
25
26
128
132
281
284
291
293
303
304
313
351
384
386
388
395
401
402
406
407
409
410
413
414
421
424
483
484
486
495
508
571
574
578
591
606
al-Ṭabarānī (873–971)
490
al-Taftāzānī, Saʽd al-dīn (1322–1390)
146
Ṭāhā, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ʿAlī
443
446
451
455
al-Tahānawī, Muḥammad (d. after
1745) 125
131
141
144
146
al-Ṭahṭāwī, Rifāʿa Rāfiʿ (1801–1873)
Tajikistan, Tajik
527
541
543
544
548
569
570
576
578
580
Tāju l-adab
564
567
Talleyrand (1754–1838)
256
Ṭalpūr (dynastie)
234
237
238
Tamari, Steve
95
96
Tanta, Ṭanṭā
208
212
213
290
413
Ṭanṭāwī Jawharī, shaykh (1862–1940)
421
423
429
Ṭāriq
454
al-Tartūshī, Abū Bakr (1059–1126)
184
Tashkent
528
534
538
Taşköprüzāde, Aḥmad (1495–1561)
131
Tatarstan
58
Tawfīq, Ḥasan Efendi
415
al-Ṭayyib Ṣāliḥ (1929–2009)18
Tehran, Téhéran
18
473
475
477
416
Tevfik Pacha
208
209
212
213
218
222
Theosophical Society
244
248
al-Tilimsānī, Muḥammad al-Ḥāshimī (m. 1961)
515
Tīmūr Khwāja (b. 1948)
546
al-Tirmidhī, al-Ḥākim
491
507
508
Tohāna
144
Tolstoï/Tolstoy, Léon (1828–1910)
34
35
351
358
375
484
Topkapi Palace Library
140
Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1889–1975)
38
Transoxiana (Māwarā al-nahr)
70
530
538
544
Tripoli (Lebanon)
182
572
Trumpp, Ernst (1828–1885)
240
Tunisia
2
21
Ṭūqān, Fadwā (1917–2003)
305
al-Turābī, Ḥasan (1932–2016)
638
639
Tūrajānzāda, Maḥmūd
546
Turkestan
58
Turkhan Bey
271
Turquie, Turkey
12
269
273
312
Tuscany
204
Ṭūsī, Naṣīr al-Dīn (1201–1274)
63
68
78
79
82
87
Tuwaynī, Gibrān, Jibrān (1895–1947)
283
294
Tyr
289
al-ʿUbaykān, ʿAbd al-Muḥsin (n. 1956)
597
ʿUmar Ibn al-Khaṭṭāb
454
al-ʿUmarī, Ibn Faḍl Allāh (1301–1349)
130
United States (see also America)
16
244
440
Université al-Imām Muḥammad b. Su‘ūd (Riyad)
598
603
Université du roi ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (Djeddah)
601
Université du Roi Fahd
601
Université du roi Suʿūd (Riyad)
601
Université islamique (Médine)
595
Université Saint-Joseph (Beyrouth)
384
386
389
391
393
394
397
401
al-Usṭuwānī, ʿAbd al-Muḥsin (d.1963)
117
al-ʿUtaybī, Juhaymān (m. 1980)
595
ʿUthmān b. Fodiye
561
Vadet, Jean-Claude
372
van Bruinessen, Martin
483
van Dyck, Cornelius (1818–1895)
34
290
van Ess, Josef
126
127
Vatin, Nicolas
251
Vattel, Emer de
177
Veinstein, Gilles (1945–1973)
251
262
Veliyeddin
266
Verdeil, Chantal
26
28
Versailles
259
Victoria (queen : 1819–1901)
229
204
268
427
Vienna, Vienne
181
257
258
263
270
271
Vierge (Sainte)
396
Vikramaditya
235
Vivekananda (1863–1902)
235
Vivier-Muresan, Anne-Sophie
8
15
Voltaire (1694–1178)
332
362
von Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph (1774–1856)
127
182
von Pückler-Muskau, Hermann (1785–1871)
203
Wahba, Ḥāfiẓ (m. 1967)
590
Wajīh al-dīn (1504–1590)
71
Wakhsh river
531
538
al-Warrāq, Sa‘d
372
Washington
270
Wāṣif, Amīn bey
421
Weber, Eugen (1925–2007)
15
Weber, Max (1864–1920)
93
95
Welles, Summer
440
Weismann, Itzchak
98
104
481
Wigen, Einar
341
Wielandt, Rotraud
313
335
Wolf, Hugo (1860–1903)
311
Xavier, Jerónimo (1549–1617)
66
67
Yanmā, Aḥmad
557
Yazd
475
al-Yāzijī, Ibrāhīm (1847–1906)
152
154
406
al-Yāzijiyya, Warda (1838–1924)
406
Yemen, yéménite
146
511
628
Young Men’s Christian Association
400
401
Yorubaland
552
556
559
563
566
569
570
574
576
579
580
al-Zabīdī, Murtaḍā (1732–1791)
34
125
150
al-Zaʽfarān (Palace)
216
Zaghlūl, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān
430
Zaghlūl, Aḥmad Fatḥī (1863–1914)
285
291
293
416
Zaghlūl, Saʿd (d. 1927)
291
353
358
al-Zahrī Ghumrāwī, Muḥammad
506
Zaidan Foundation
296
Zaidan, Georges Choucri
299
Zakhūr, Rāfāʾīl
176
180
Zakī Pacha, Aḥmad (1867–1934)
300
al-Zaqāzīq
213
Zarathustra
246
Zarnūjī, Burhān al-Dīn (m. 1223)
5
491
492
Zarrūq, Aḥmad (1442–1494)
71
73
76
Zaydān, Jurjī (1861–1914)
8
27
174
281
290
292
294
306
351
352
372
420
al-Zaylaʿī, ʿUthmān ibn ʿAlī (d.1342)
112
113
Zaynab (Sayyida)
427
42
Zerafshan river
531
538
546
Zeyneb (fille de Ismāʿīl Paşa : 1859–1875)
215
217
al-Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn (1893–1976)
138
484
Ziyā Pacha (1867–1932), Mīrzā Muḥammad Šarīf Ṣadr
527
528
Ziya, Safveti (1875–1929)
254
267
Zumrat al-mu’minīn
569
578
Zumrat al-udabāʾ 569