Index of Keywords and Notions
ʿabbāsid, abbasid, Abbassides
83
127
128
152
173
174
451
475
606
abjad (see also alphabet, alphabetical order, ḥarf, tartīb)
146
abridgement, abrégé
136
138
362
académie
263
279
296
acceptable (see also maʿrūf)
104
107
110
114
116
149
560
586
acculturer, acculturation
6
7
16
23
298
308
567
569
570
581
604
606
activism, activiste, activist, activité
122
146
186
236
291
297
424
579
595
636
519
ʿāda muḍirra (see also masturbation, mauvaise habitude)
297
adab pl. ādāb (see also andarz, belles-lettres, bienséance, bonne éducation, bonnes manières, civilité, civilising process, code, conduct, culture, étiquette, good manners, farhang, littérature, norm, paideia, politesse, processus de civilisation, savoir parler, savoir-vivre)
adab acquis (kasbī)
386
adab al-akl or ādāb al-akl
147
201
493
adab al-dars
492
adab al-dīn / ādāb al-dīn
428
490
491
adab al-ḍuʿf
379
al-ādāb al-ijtimāʿiyya
282
492
adab al-jawāriḥ (see also morale du corps)
367
adab al-kasb (see also ethics of learning)
112
122
adab al-libās (see also règles vestimentaires)
493
ādāb al-lugha
282
al-ādāb al-manziliyya
412
492
496
ādāb al-muʿāshara
28
282
adab al-muḥtasib
592
adab al-mulūk (see also conduct, king)
83
184
adab al-nafs (see also morale de lʿâme)
367
491
492
adab al-nisāʿ
408
409
adab al-qāḍī
153
adab al-shāʿir
153
adab al-shurb
493
adab al-wijdān
357
361
adab as sahīta/sāhitiyya
231
adab authentique
365
adab classique
301
352
379
495
adab courtois
369
372
adab des missionnaires catholiques
384
392
adab diplomatique
265
268
adab encyclopaedia
337
adab inné (ṭābiʿī)
386
adab naturel
386
adab spirituel (nafsī)
adab-e kashkūl
230
231
adab-ı asr
251
254
adab-ı milliye
251
272
adab-ı muaşeret
252
254
265
267
adabī tārīkh (see also histoire, littérature)
232
ādāb-ū-rusūm
464
al-ādāb al-ijtimāʿiyya
282
al-adab al-shaʿbī
17
al-ādāb al-ṣūfiyya
230
al-ʿulūm al-adabiyya (see also linguistic, literary, science)
124
132
137
141
ʿilm al-adab (see also linguistic, literary, science)
133
137
147
153
156
386
403
adabī, adabiyyan (see also moral)
17
30
33
97
124
232
233
294
298
362
421
422
425
463
506
510
511
513
565
567
570
576
578
adabiyyāt (see also littérature, adab)
2
463
adabsız (see also ʿalīl al-adab, barbarie, bi-adab, bi-taʿārof)
36
ʿadad (see also mathematics)
ʿilm al-ʿadad
137
aʿdal (see also rectitude, asqam)
79
519
ʿadl, ʿadālat (see also justice)
80
82
adaptation, adapté, adapter, adapted (see also emprunt, iqtibās)
7
14
16
18
29
34
35
64
65
67
82
86
87
110
144
152
180
198
199
211
221
234
240
253
260
262
264
291
305
312
336
350
353
356
361
362
364
366
372
376
379
386
388
390
391
396
399
411
adaptation, adapté, adapter, adapted (cont.)
420, 423, 473, 493–494, 506–507, 527, 547, 554, 590, 601, 613, 617
ʿādāt (see also mœurs, usages)
21
410
422
426
591
adīb pl. udabāʿ (see also lettré, literate)
17
37
127
129
132
282
283
288
294
299
303
410
504
519
521
569
administration, administratif, administrer (see also state, État, idāra)
6
30
67
68
76
83
84
86
87
128
134
157
172
176
178
179
205
222
234
264
274
312
427
438
439
441
444
447
451
457
476
534
559
562
570
574
579
590
592
600
604
608
administrator (see also kārdār)
6
30
176
234
447
562
admonestation, admonester
595
609
adolescence, adolescent
305
369
379
465
adult, adulte
379
443
446
464
465
543
adultère
297
611
616
advice, advisor (see also conseil, naṣīḥa)
24
49
51
56
57
64
70
72
74
76
78
80
83
86
185
196
247
334
342
422
453
630
aesthetics (see also esthétique)
139
239
āfa pl. āfāt (see also vice)
53
affect (see also emotion)
50
386
395
400
401
affectation (see also tafannun)
17
287
466
affrontement, affronter
518
590
596
âge, âgé
217
264
265
385
389
390
437
443
464
465
491
564
576
agriculture, agriculteur
79
157
442
446
447
449
498
ahl, ahaliyya (see also société)
330
Ahl al-bayt (see also Gens de la Maison du Prophète)
508
ahl-e-taʿāruf (see also gens du taʿāruf)
466
ahl-i qalam (see also men of the pen)
66
al-ʿulūm al-ahaliyya (see also science, société)
156
ahval (see also service)
274
ajnās (see also figures de style)
365
ākhāṇiyyūn (see also folklore, folktales)
246
akhlāq (see also bons caractères, caractère, constitution mentale, dispositions morales, mœurs, khuluq, ethics, éthique, morals, mores)
288
295
306
330
351
359
369
406
408
419
423
425
426
429
431
436
445
446
481
482
488
492
498
534
587
611
624
al-akhlāq al-ḥasana (see also bonnes mœurs)
386
al-akhlāq al-ʿāliyya (see also caractère supérieur)
292
al-akhlāq al-rāqiyya (see also caractère supérieur)
292
ākhūnd (see also ʿalīm, scholar, schoolmaster)
237
akl (see also eating, table manners)
adab al-akl
147
201
493
ʿalāniyya (see also public)
367
alcool, alcoholic drinks (see also champagne, wine)
38
333
591
594
609
614
616
algebra
156
aliénation
354
375
ʿalīl al-adab (see also adabsīz, barbarie, bi-adab, bi-taʿārof)
ʿālim pl. ʿulamāʿ (see also ākhūnd, ouléma, savant, scholar)
70
75
77
79
80
82
85
88
95
105
118
127
132
137
141
145
147
149
150
158
208
211
213
219
237
239
339
352
483
528
532
535
537
538
540
633
aliment, alimentation (see also eating, food, nourriture)
200
296
401
466
494
alla franca, alafranga, à la franque
194
196
202
204
210
213
222
274
302
312
318
321
322
324
326
335
336
alla turca, alaturka, à la turque
194
206
208
213
215
218
274
315
321
326
330
333
336
341
allaitement (see also breastfeeding, riḍāʿa)
297
alliance, allié
74
259
269
548
593
alliteration (jinās)
559
alms (see also zakāt)
104
alphabet, alphabétique, alphabetical, alphabetically
10
138
140
154
410
411
528
542
alphabetical order (see also abjad, ḥarf, tartīb)
136
138
140
145
146
153
498
alphabetisation, alphabétisation
305
307
518
altruism, altruisme
328
448
449
455
496
538
ʿamal, ʿamaliyya (see also deed)
144
149
amālī (see also notes de cours)
56
364
ambassade, ambassadeur, ambassador
178
183
255
257
259
260
262
273
ambiguïté, ambiguity, ambiguities (see also ambivalence, shubha)
12
35
38
79
80
107
111
272
464
465
467
470
519
ambitieux, ambition
129
182
329
364
452
ambivalence(s) (see also ambiguïté)
289
374
âme (see also nafs, soul)
366
378
389
aménagement (see also tartīb)
285
Americanisation, américanisation (see also occidentalisation, tafarnuj)
32
38
ami, amitié (see also friend, friendship)
258
393
472
473
amīr, pl. umarāʿ (see also mīr)
74
76
101
103
177
237
510
al-amr bi-l-maʿrūf wa-l-nahī ʿan al-munkar (see also commandement du bien et d’interdiction du mal, ḥisba)
587
590
591
594
595
ʿāmma (see also gens du commun)
304
355
358
364
amour, amoureux, aimer (see also love, maḥabba, moḥabbat)
297
298
303
306
340
349
350
354
364
367
369
375
379
394
399
472
496
504
amour ʿudhrite
371
amour bédouin
371
375
amour charnel
371
amour courtois
372
amour de Dieu
394
399
amour naturel
379
amusement (see also entertainment)
325
397
analogy (see also qiyās)
102
analphabète, analphabétisme (see also illiterate)
307
anathème (see also takfīr)
482
anatomy
157
333
ancester/ancêtre (s)
497
509
610
ancien, ancient
4
6
8
27
30
33
50
54
64
113
155
156
194
252
259
266
274
290
366
438
475
490
516
andarz (see also adab, khuluq, farhang)
5
anecdote, anecdotal (see also ḥikāya, khabar, narrative, récit)
65
67
70
78
81
83
87
124
130
183
186
305
365
372
373
422
426
429
607
anger (see also colère, ghaḍab)
54
Anglais, anglais (langue), anglophone (see also English)
282
286
289
299
303
306
600
Anglican
20
412
animal, animaux (see also wuḥūsh)
143
156
231
242
295
365
375
378
412
422
ansiklūbīdhiyāt, ansiklūbīdiyā (see also encyclopédie, mawsūʿa)
154
anthological, anthologie, anthologique, anthologiste, anthology pl. anthologies
30
33
78
124
126
130
367
386
421
422
425
498
505
509
510
513
517
520
521
636
anthropological, anthropologie, anthropologique, anthropology
7
18
33
157
289
467
470
472
477
539
544
anticlérical, anticléricalisme (see also sécularisation, secularism)
401
405
Antiquity
22
50
60
64
417
apocryphe
273
apologetic, apologétique, apologie
387
504
513
516
530
599
appartement, apartment (see also house, maison)
259
266
317
appropriation
173
389
392
475
597
635
ʿaqīda (see also dogme)
586
ʿaql, ʿaqliyya
67
68
422
468
470
499
505
507
al-ʿulūm al-ʿaqliyya (see also ʿilm, raison, science)
135
141
144
148
aqwam (see also mustaqīm)
519
520
Arab, Arabe, Arabic
Arab countries
148
155
627
arabe dialectal
388
arabe écrit standard
304
arabe littéraire
282
Arab culture, Arabic culture
4
6
7
10
12
124
152
439
Arab, Arabe, Arabic (cont.)
Arabic literature
11
123 126
128
130
138
150
332
337
366
552
555
580
Arabic language
10
12
20
27
32
34
35
64
65
70
73
78
95
123
128
131
133
134
138
142
143
145
147
150
154
156
171
176
179
180
195
197
201
230
232
242
407
408
414
415
420
424
439
553
556
567
569
571
578
classical Arabic
420
567
colloquial Arabic
177
spoken Arabic
177
ʿarab, ʿarabī, ʿarabiyya
144
152
302
313
331
374
375
386
498
532
534
571
576
arabisation
6
7
19
arabisme, arabism
301
arabophone
307
600
arabisant
388
archaeology
156
architecture
156
archives
387
389
391
397
argument, argumentation
20
50
96
99
101
104
109
111
112
116
118
128
144
195
228
262
265
295
297
303
375
378
449
451
476
487
519
591
636
argent (see also money)
285
290
295
299
364
377
496
511
aristocracy, aristocrat, aristocrate, aristocratique
204
206
256
269
303
314
407
409
412
414
423
424
509
527
529
532
arithmetic
444
566
arme, armée, army (see also militaire, military, war)
80
176
178
179
183
185
206
211
212
228
234
237
255
438
527
532
540
560
589
590
637
arrogance (see also kibr, takabbur)
54
art, artistique, artist, artistic (see also fann)
139
141
148
149
312
320
334
542
568
anthologist’s art
320
art d’écrire (see also inshāʾ)
art de vivre
274
art exhibitions
446
art of collecting and organising knowledge
127
art of companionship
542
art of conversation
29
art of cooking
621
art of dining
28
art of living
art of mounting
542
art of story-telling
561
art of writing
320
art oratoire
360
arts plastiques
368
art de recevoir
296
arts de la table
254
fine arts
129
417
intellectual arts (see also fann, ʿaql)
149
practical arts (see also fann, ʿamal)
149
ʿarūḍ (see also prosodie)
387
ʿaṣabiyya
598
ascète, ascetic, ascétique, ascétisme
231
369
376
377
380
422
487
560
aṣl pl. uṣūl (see also principe, root)
101
110
136
147
151
417
508
uṣūl al-fiqh (see also jurisprudence, principe)
72
578
uṣūl al-ʿulūm
151
asqam (see also rectitude, aʿdal)
518
520
assimilation
180
301
367
447
association
29
235
244
359
388
400
409
425
429
430
569
571
576
581
636
astrology
137
astronomy (see also haʿiyya)
143
148
149
156
320
578
astronomical sciences (see also ʿilm, haʿiyya)
137
atheism, athée, athéisme, atheist
13
23
423
547
attribut, attribution
198
207
256
260
295
302
323
482
513
522
540
542
543
567
617
Aufklärung (see also Enlightenment, tanwīr al-afkār)
24
50
au-delà (see also hereafter)
293
368
377
495
audience, auditeur, audition, auditoire
31
64
73
127
151
157
175
197
204
210
213
241
247
373
374
411
413
423
447
455
522
533
635
638
642
aumône (see also ṣadaqa)
496
auteur, author
5
8
11
12
18
19
23
25
28
32
33
38
51
70
74
77
79
81
87
94
97
99
100
106
116
117
130
132
138
176
229
232
241
243
246
253
254
264
265
267
281
289
290
301
313
315
319
321
324
329
331
336
338
342
353
361
362
366
372
375
379
386
390
398
408
410
411
422
423
436
447
467
481
482
484
486
491
492
494
497
498
504
505
507
508
510
511
513
516
519
522
534
536
538
539
544
557
559
560
562
567
568
578
579
622
625
authenticité, authentique
2
15
85
288
327
329
337
343
364
365
470
autobiographie, autobiographique, autobiographical
25
352
362
50
506
513
514
516
520
521
533
autodidacte
14
280
autograph
139
196
560
autonome, autonomie, autonomy
57
97
118
355
374
448
449
489
528
531
555
571
580
589
603
605
autoriser, autorisation (see also ijāza pl. ijāzāt)
270
516
autorité, autoritaire, authority pl. authorities, authoritative (see also imam)
59
102
107
109
111
112
115
117
127
135
141
178
221
229
239
272
273
283
328
336
350
357
374
385
394
395
400
402
436
439
467
483
484
486
487
491
498
511
528
534
540
544
546
562
565
569
574
579
586
588
591
600
602
605
610
613
617
620
628
630
632
634
638
642
643
autorité religieuse
401
483
586
588
597
602
604
613
617
autorités ottomanes
385
486
autorités saoudiennes
592
596
598
603
avare, avarice
285
287
369
avocat (see also lawyer)
259
291
351
awakening (see also Nahḍa, renaissance)
23
35
123
158
awareness (see also conscience, conscient, ḍamīr, wijdān)
57
66
184
418
awāsiṭ al-nās (see also gens de condition moyenne, mutawassiṭū l-ḥāl)
284
ʿawra
420
aʿyān (see also notable, wajh)
ʿayyārūn (see also bandes de mauvais garçons, fiers-à-bras)
284
Azhar, Azhari, Azharian, Azharien
13
147
149
352
372
420
422
483
484
489
506
507
517
578
627
632
badīʿ
232
559
628
bahāʾi
239
244
484
bain, baigner (see also bath, ḥammām)
389
494
bal, ballet, ball, bāl, ballū
196
207
210
212
266
273
287
467
bank, banque
316
630
banquet (see also maʿduba)
4
8
197
200
202
205
210
214
543
546
banquier
266
baraka (see also blessing)
33
barbarie, barbarism (see also adabsiz, ʿalil al-adab, bi-adab, bi-taʿārof, hamajiyya)
4
16
18
36
302
314
318
358
359
439
465
bā-sharʿ
72
baṣīra (see also vision intérieure)
378
baʿth (see also résurrection)
377
bath, public baths
237
418
bāṭin (see also intérieur)
469
470
491
bayān
79
117
232
559
bayt (see also foyer, manzil)
102
110
296
298
306
508
bazar (see also marché, souk, sūq)
531
533
beard
241
454
632
beauté, beauty
327
340
349
362
369
373
565
568
bédouin
366
371
375
606
632
behaviour (see also comportement, demeanour)
22
28
64
95
108
110
112
114
194
195
198
199
201
204
218
319
321
327
335
337
452
538
543
547
577
620
623
624
626
630
631
balāgha, belagat (see also éloquence)
265
559
belief, believer (see also creed, croyance, foi, iʿtiqād)
1
22
30
38
49
51
54
60
67
73
79
80
83
95
101
104
107
110
117
119
235
238
240
241
327
333
366
448
564
566
620
623
624
627
630
632
634
636
639
642
643
belles-lettres, belles-letters (see also adab, littérature, literature)
9
127
174
184
251
252
260
267
274
281
341
352
352
356
bénédiction (see also baraka, blessing)
509
595
bénévolat (see also muṭāwiʿ, taṭawwuʿ)
589
bi-adab (see also malpoli, mal élevé, adabsiz, ʿalil al-adab, barbarie, bi-taʿāruf)
36
464
465
Bible, Biblical, biblique
34
67
377
384
398
400
564
bibliography, bibliographer (see also bio-bibliography)
13
100
107
126
133
136
138
429
481
518
bibliothèque, bibliothécaire (see also library)
263
264
351
386
388
486
497
bidʿa, pl. bidaʿ (see also innovation)
51
59
105
487
le bien (see also acceptable, commandement du bien, maʿrūf)
288
300
362
367
474
588
bienfaisance (see also iḥsān)
359
bienfait (see also faʾida)
493
510
bienséance (see also adab, bonne éducation, civilité, étiquette, politesse, savoir parler, savoir-vivre)
251
254
388
391
399
402
464
bio-bibliography, bio-bibliographical (see also bibliography)
136
138
139
141
biographie, biographe, biographique, biography (-ies), biographical (see also tadhkira)
9
25
69
73
100
134
136
138
139
151
155
240
242
246
287
290
313
352
362
427
443
505
506
508
513
516
520
521
527
533
572
575
606
625
626
biology
149
415
birādarī (see also lineage)
237
bi-taʿāruf (see also adabsiz, ʿalil al-adab, barbarie, bi-adab)
465
466
blessing (see also baraka)
56
108
231
560
blood (see also sang)
82
339
body, bodily (see also corps)
6
18
38
49
51
53
55
60
80
97
103
104
116
124
328
418
422
622
623
627
boisson (see also café, eating, thé, wine)
286
493
494
bon
bonne conduite
265
387
402
bonne éducation (see also adab, bienséance, civilité, étiquette, politesse, savoir parler, savoir-vivre)
251
496
bonne santé
295
297
390
493
bonnes manières
250
251
260
265
268
281
337
391
399
475
492
bonnes mœurs (see also al-akhlāq al-ḥasanāt)
251
293
304
386
482
490
bons caractères (see also akhlāq)
369
bonheur (see also happiness)
363
364
bonne (see also domestique, nourrice)
297
book, bookish, bookseller (see also livre, kitāb, warrāq)
20
31
32
34
51
53
58
77
83
109
111
115
116
125
126
129
133
138
141
143
145
147
152
155
174
178
181
185
195
196
232
234
237
242
245
248
319
337
405
407
412
414
417
419
421
431
435
437
443
448
451
457
517
534
536
553
554
560
570
573
575
579
620
621
624
627
630
635
642
botanical, botanique, botany
156
174
261
bourgeoise, bourgeoisie (see also upper middle class)
15
29
37
207
239
286
288
296
301
306
320
324
339
341
354
355
365
371
402
412
477
627
boy (see also garçon)
15
216
330
405
407
413
414
417
420
426
429
437
443
444
446
447
449
452
564
– boysʿ school
420
437
448
branche, branch pl. branches (see also farʿ, furūʿ)
11
85
95
125
136
142
144
147
150
153
156
235
245
485
487
515
522
568
605
breastfeeding (see also allaitement, riḍāʿa)
418
British
20
23
27
30
34
146
222
228
229
233
241
248
328
335
338
406
412
427
435
446
453
455
457
537
552
557
559
560
562
564
572
573
brother (see also frère)
86
100
217
322
416
419
424
427
627
629 635
636
638
brotherhood (see also confrérie, ṭarīqa)
4
24
25
27
244
430
530
534
572
578
622
626
628
630
631
635
636
budget
417
446
592
596
598
604
bulletin (see also fetihname)
259
601
bureaucratie, bureaucratique
59
265
450
534
cadeau (see also présent)
256
465
467
cadi, qāḍī
153
352
504
café (see also coffee)
316
423
calculation, calculus
10
137
147
149
315
328
califat, calife, caliph, caliphate (see also khalīfa)
83
363
454
495
497
510
552
561
602
606
calligraphe, calligraphie, calligraphy
4
10
252
538
542
campagne (see also countryside)
285
303
354
388
391
473
475
477
509
592
612
capital, capitaux, capitalisme
81
104
200
208
212
284
340
528
586
canon, canonique, canonical
104
109
146
172
185
354
482
514
608
632
635
642
caractère, character (see also akhlāq)
253
288
294
299
303
306
359
360
363
365
369
378
387
388
393
402
433
477
488
491
607
caricature
18
218
296
302
318
carrière, career
70
71
145
150
267
269
281
285
291
339
352
352
389
396
401
446
509
559
572
574
575
577
578
580
603
carte de visite
296
catalogue, catalog, cataloging
33
100
125
132
137
139
140
146
157
320
484
626
627
catégorie, category pl. categories, categorisation (see also ṣinf)
2
12
14
21
27
29
36
38
59
64
84
101
104
110
111
113
125
128
135
140
142
148
211
213
229
230
233
240
243
253
338
350
365
367
386
428
436
437
455
463
465
472
488
491
493
496
515
519
537
560
605
606
617
categories of sciences (see also ʿilm, ṣinf)
12
140
142
148
catéchisme
390
catholic, catholicisme, catholique
13
18
20
26
34
37
66
301
384
387
390
402
405
409
410
414
celibacy, célibat, célibataire
251
270
287
290
297
375
376
425
censorship, censure, censuré, censurer
1
11
17
31
31
37
83
196
340
358
385
402
420
548
605
608
614
centralisation
183
588
590
592
593
596
centre, centres (see also marākiz)
8
50
72
98
108
180
186
207
208
212
213
220
229
248
280
297
306
326
385
406
444
451
483
510
515
516
527
530
531
536
551
557
559
577
604
605
607
609
615
616
622
cercle, circle
57
65
67
71
72
77
81
86
88
133
141
154
172
178
197
200
205
217
219
221
262
266
274
277
334
385
396
430
446
472
481
504
522
527
528
545
546
558
564
565
572
573
578
595
609
614
616
cercles de dhikr (see also majlis al-ṣalāt ʿalā al-nabī)
522
cercles de jeu
274
609
614
616
cercles soufis
77
cérémonial, cérémonie, cérémonieux, ceremony pl. ceremonies
16
94
98
195
197
200
210
212
215
219
236
255
258
398
428
463
466
534
539
546
certificat, certification, certificate
133
327
335
336
406
498
517
521
578
621
certificat d’études primaires
406
498
chancellerie, chancery (see also diwān)
132
263
264
273
532
character (see also khuluq, personnalité)
5
22
28
30
49
51
53
55
59
60
95
97
157
241
242
288
290
315
317
322
324
325
327
329
330
335
336
399
435
436
442
445
448
451
457
530
533
539
548
556
565
568
577
chaîne
285
302
509
517
599
614
chaînes de transmetteurs d’un texte (see also isnād, pl. asānīd)
517
chaînes satellitaires
599
614
chaînes spirituelles
509
chambellans (see also kapıcıbaşı)
257
270
chambre
398
champagne
205
317
411
chance
521
611
chanson, chant, chanteurs, chanteuses (see also madāʾiḥ, éloges du Prophète, singer, song)
108
360
373
374
488
515
556
562
568
594
597
chapeau (see also hat, tarbouche, turban)
271
273
chapelet
265
charitable, charité, charity, caritative
299
368
393
410
413
425
chasteté
253
298
328
342
372
393
châtiments corporels
589
chef, chief
184
217
233
237
256
262
266
268
272
295
298
376
393
554
558
560
562
563
590
592
594
595
597
603
631
chef du pouvoir exécutif (see also walī al-amr)
603
tribal chief (see also sardār)
233
cheikh (see also shaykh)
290
385
485
486
506
517
chemistry
149
156
333
417
cheshm (see also eye, œil)
469
cheveux (see also hair)
390
392
chiisme, chiite
289
293
469
482
child, children (see also enfant)
31
85
217
236
317
412
414
415
417
418
421
424
428
444
446
454
561
564
566
570
576
578
624
640
chrétien(s) (see also Christian, christianism)
259
283
284
351
358
360
363
364
372
374
384
386
392
394
396
401
402
473
non-chrétiens
385
Christian(s) (see also chrétien, christianism, non-Muslims)
5
7
10
14
20
21
25
26
155
172
176
236
238
318
400
406
407
409
415
421
437
439
553
556
560
564
566
570
571
580
christianisation
7
christianism, christianisme, christianity
20
34
228
451
553
554
563
570
chronology
4
8
9
134
232
church, churches
156
236
244
553
554
556
563
564
cigar, cigare, cigarette
302
318
334
543
cinéma, cinématographe
296
594
597
642
circulation, circuler
1
7
11
34
35
64
66
72
125
137
152
171
175
180
181
183
272
303
429
439
494
497
citadin, citadinité
371
375
475
476
citation (see also quote)
498
505
510
513
514
citizen, citizenship, citoyen, citoyenneté
16
28
31
49
156
175
180
321
375
407
442
446
447
473
607
616
civil
152
156
183
553
570
637
civil servants
14
208
410
436
451
456
534
civility, civilité (see also adab, bonne éducation, bienséance, étiquette, politesse, savoir parler , savoir-vivre)
3
5
17
18
25
28
34
38
97
194
199
388
395
399
civilisation, civilisationnel, civiliser, civilisé, civilising (see also ḥadāra, tamaddun, madaniyya, mutamaddin)
1
4
6
9
12
16
22
28
36
38
49
50
59
132
135
152
153
171
193
196
199
210
212
219
220
260
281
283
287
292
294
298
300
306
311
312
319
322
330
336
341
349
353
356
359
361
363
368
369
375
380
384
387
395
398
402
408
410
426
430
436
449
450
452
482
489
527
529
530
541
638
642
civilisation des mœurs
260
387
civilisation islamique
281
292
304
351
482
civilisation moderne
292
301
303
civilisation occidentale (see also madaniyya gharbiyya)
355
civilising process (see also adab, processus de civilisation)
9
17
20
36
38
49
199
347
Greek civilisation
152
Islamic civilisation
2
3
132
152
civic, civique
14
57
294
306
391
415
496
class, classe, pl. classes (see also ṭabaqa)
classe inférieure (see also al-ṭabaqa al-dunyā)
285
286
370
390
classe(s) moyenne(s), middle class (see also al-ṭabaqa al-wusṭā, pl. al-ṭabaqāt al-wusṭā)
284
288
293
294
301
305
307
classe supérieure (see also upper class, al-ṭabaqa al-ʿulyā)
285
371
classes dominantes (see also élites)
355
classification, classifying (see also division, taqsīm, taṣnīf)
11
12
24
52
127
129
133
136
151
158
337
classification of sciences (see also division, ʿilm, taqsīm, taṣnīf)
129
136
140
145
148
150
158
hierarchical classification
145
classic, classical, classique
5
11
21
22
28
30
32
34
36
36
49
52
54
57
59
64
66
67
83
102
110
123
131
150
171
173
177
185
229
243
333
408
410
416
420
423
429
527
529
536
539
542
543
547
557
567
580
624
631
cleanliness, (see also hygiene, hygiène, propreté)
194
411
418
427
clergé, cléricale, cléricaux
396
397
401
402
405
476
603
clerk, clerc (see also kātib, secrétaire)
127
237
359
394
476
574
clock
10
cloths, clothing (see also vêtements)
33
196
201
316
319
333
422
446
543
629
637
code, codification, codifier, codify (see also adab)
2
5
14
20
22
24
28
37
63
69
79
95
194
198
231
232
239
260
263
269
274
405
420
464
469
471
473
474
527
542
560
586
591
608
611
614
616
617
642
code de comportement
586
614
617
code de politesse
471
code des procédures pénales
616
code vestimentaire
608
611
customary code
198
code of conduct
63
69
231
cœur (see also qalb)
354
357
359
361
365
368
373
379
393
394
396
400
coffee, coffee-house (see also café)
57
59
204
215
colère (see also anger)
464
469
collection
65
67
70
73
83
95
109
133
305
372
375
446
510
513
515
518
534
538
539
564
575
577
collège, collégien
384
386
387
389
391
394
397
400
402
colloquialism
34
151
153
177
colonisation, colonial, colonisateur, colonisé, colonie, colonisation, colonialism, colony pl. colonies
2
7
12
14
17
20
23
29
31
34
38
50
60
228
229
233
238
337
355
364
407
410
412
435
438
440
443
446
448
450
453
456
457
489
547
552
560
563
564
570
571
575
576
579
581
comédie, comedy (see also theatre)
206
318
355
commandement du bien et d’interdiction du mal (see also al-amr bi-l-maʿrūf wa-l-nahī ʿan al-munkar)
586
616
commentaire, commentary pl. commentaries (see also ḥāshiya)
58
59
100
106
137
138
142
376
507
508
511
513
520
522
567
575
commentator
57
106
116
536
544
commerçant, commerce, commercial (see also merchant, trade)
79
100
113
115
118
156
157
255
282
284
363
386
446
496
497
507
510
570
571
587
607
610
614
communauté, communautaire, community (see also millat, umma)
253
293
358
360
375
376
399
472
474
476
477
587
603
607
609
610
compagnie, compagnon, compagnonnage, companions, companionship (see also ṣuḥba, saḥāba)
23
28
72
98
108
147
197
204
209
212
214
218
253
259
268
296
314
333
376
384
387
389
390
395
397
414
422
450
492
522
529
537
542
543
547
553
565
590
591
595
614
compilation, compilateur
12
22
31
36
126
129
130
138
144
146
150
153
232
252
372
373
505
513
514
521
522
559
577
626
complimenter, compliment
230
265
267
366
465
comportement (see also behaviour, demeanour)
251
254
256
259
273
274
281
283
291
294
301
303
307
391
464
468
471
473
490
586
602
608
614
617
composer, composition (see also inşaat)
24
63
65
67
77
78
84
104
107
116
126
128
134
138
156
220
232
240
241
252
253
262
320
337
488
498
505
510
513
515
521
527
558
573
631
632
compréhension (see also fahm)
35
282
288
368
423
482
concert (see also music, samāʿ)
207
255
373
375
420
512
concordance, concordisme
245
422
499
condamnable, condamnation, condamné
287
295
298
303
350
353
359
391
393
464
487
586
594
condition
8
11
12
14
29
49
76
99
113
118
128
157
177
183
186
238
264
268
273
283
286
288
296
298
300
301
306
315
325
356
442
445
451
472
542
564
594
613
643
condition féminine
298
condition sociale
157
conduct, conduite (see also adab, conduite)
24
51
63
65
68
69
111
113
118
119
147
184
185
195
199
218
221
229
231
257
265
341
391
402
408
448
451
455
456
586
conduct of the Kings (see also adab, malik)
184
good conduct (see also muruwwa)
113
448
confession, confesser, confesseur
6
20
21
26
37
256
284
286
299
329
363
386
394
395
398
399
401
411
482
531
548
confessionalisation, confessionnalisation
26
236
398
531
547
confiance, confidence
105
256
306
336
368
380
445
450
451
453
492
609
639
conflit (s) (see also munāẓara)
255
260
358
371
374
472
493
conforme, conformisme, conformity (see also takhalluq)
4
5
33
68
75
82
85
274
285
295
351
395
401
431
450
476
495
542
587
591
613
confort, confortable
272
285
287
291
confrérie, confrérique (see also brotherhood, ṭarīqa, hāshimiyya, idrīsiyya, khalwatiyya, naqshbandiyya, qādiriyya, rifāʿiyya, shādhiliyya, tijāniyya)
359
485
508
509
512
congrégation, congréganiste
388
391
394
396
397
connaissance (see also savoir, ʿilm)
261
268
286
288
304
307
379
465
466
472
491
492
496
498
507
509
conscience, conscient (see also awareness, ḍamīr, wijdān)
56
71
111
304
352
356
357
361
363
367
371
377
393
394
400
419
421
448
473
513
607
conscience individuelle
367
conscience morale (see also ḍamīr)
357
conscience sociale
304
conseil, conseiller (see also advice, recommandation, nasīḥa pl. naṣāʾiḥ)
259
268
296
297
303
368
388
493
496
593
594
599
602
609
612
conservateur, conservation, conservatisme, conservative
2
38
50
58
72
88
282
301
351
355
359
396
408
498
499
505
515
546
607
615
consommation, consommer, consumer, consumption
59
195
198
200
203
209
218
221
271
288
378
466
591
593
614
616
639
constitution, constitutionnalisme, constitutionnalisation (see also dustūr)
13
19
37
360
370
375
396
408
413
555
561
572
598
constitution originelle (see also fiṭra)
370
375
constitution physique (see also ṭabīʿa)
370
conte
349
354
377
contemplatif, contemplation
14
373
378
contemporain, contemporanéité, contemporary pl. contemporaries
3
7
10
12
20
22
31
37
67
69
71
73
77
83
85
94
99
103
105
109
110
117
118
150
151
202
215
219
247
270
312
315
317
351
353
357
362
366
447
463
464
479
482
488
495
499
509
512
520
521
546
555
565
567
570
573
579
586
601
607
contestation, contestataire, contester
58
172
272
354
474
476
594
598
continuité, continuity
22
29
50
125
128
129
138
158
243
254
289
337
354
380
482
514
516
546
610
contradiction, contradictoire
19
30
38
75
118
175
252
326
331
333
361
366
396
407
470
615
contraint, contrainte, constraint
19
211
257
260
270
271
292
356
361
364
369
397
466
467
484
601
605
607
608
614
617
control, contrôle, contrôler
8
16
31
32
55
56
87
199
220
234
356
392
402
422
435
440
448
449
514
528
530
532
546
547
563
586
587
590
593
596
598
602
603
609
617
620
623
624
627
642
643
controverse, controversy
105
116
137
358
362
363
374
440
482
577
conversation
8
19
28
181
210
237
274
343
378
391
397
423
466
546
560
575
conversion, convertir
152
236
238
484
553
554
587
606
cook, cuisinier, cooking, cuisine
201
205
209
210
217
320
342
411
412
415
620
621
copie, copiste, copying
25
29
31
111
118
136
140
147
177
181
182
202
331
410
417
428
486
511
513
514
517
521
542
560
575
Coran, coranique (see also Qurʿān)
352
468
470
482
488
489
505
511
corporation
534
608
610
612
613
621
corps (see also body), corporel
206
207
254
257
262
266
270
272
280
349
367
370
372
385
387
390
392
395
401
464
469
476
477
493
494
589
598
602
607
610
613
621
corpus
14
33
35
38
66
124
125
153
172
243
505
515
621
622
631
633
635
642
643
correction, correcteur, corriger, corrector (see also muṣaḥḥiḥ)
140
177
251
299
507
513
519
521
correspondance, correspondence (see also courrier)
16
69
73
76
273
274
294
486
487
corruption (see also fasād, mal, mafāsid)
15
98
105
152
355
414
612
cosmography
133
135
cosmopolitan, cosmopolitanism, cosmopolitisme
13
27
66
134
145
146
229
236
301
333
483
554
costume
195
202
211
272
296
367
380
594
coton, cotton
450
494
530
531
538
543
545
547
countryside (see also campagne, village, town)
15
16
218
326
327
415
539
couple
28
204
293
294
298
323
397
419
424
476
477
536
612
cour, curialisation, court
4
6
7
16
19
64
66
71
74
77
80
86
111
178
183
185
193
203
205
222
229
236
237
255
261
268
270
271
355
399
527
531
540
542
543
548
cour européenne
261
268
court society
4
16
198
201
207
217
220
221
229
courage
253
298
369
421
423
427
450
451
courrier (see also correspondance)
294
396
486
cours, course (see also ʿadw)
150
297
352
364
376
398
417
429
430
443
446
522
courtisan
259
courtois(e), courtoisie, courtesy, courteous
199
253
369
372
448
449
612
couteau (see also knife)
295
391
coutume (s) (see also. custom, daʿb, habitus, usage)
251
256
258
268
283
284
295
463
464
602
couvent
304
372
couverture
367
510
511
couvre-chef (see also chapeau, hat, tarbouche)
271
273
craft (see also ṣināʿa)
25
79
96
103
113
114
118
149
creation
5
78
creed (see also belief, croyance, iʿtiqād)
240
245
247
626
crise, crisis
2
6
20
37
68
71
101
114
184
506
561
562
596
597
617
critic, critical, criticism, critique
18
68
72
96
98
107
115
118
123
135
141
142
144
154
174
201
202
218
222
239
241
297
303
306
315
318
324
331
332
338
341
348
350
354
355
361
363
367
368
376
377
380
387
388
397
414
417
426
428
435
450
451
511
514
515
518
532
544
548
561
565
567
578
579
590
593
594
622
634
635
croyance, croyant (see also belief, believer, creed, iʿtiqād)
300
373
486
488
510
589
593
605
607
610
617
cruauté
358
culture, culturel, cultural
2
14
17
19
21
29
30
34
38
97
126
139
147
157
171
175
220
229
233
252
253
258
269
280
282
284
288
306
311
315
326
330
332
333
336
337
340
352
354
357
367
376
379
399
411
445
472
477
510
529
539
542
544
548
553
557
565
569
599
614
642
Arab culture, Arabic culture, culture arabe
4
6
7
10
12
124
152
286
287
363
375
388
439
483
580
court culture, courtly culture
198
220
229
527
540
542
548
cultural ideals
49
60
cultural reform
152
172
174
cultural transfer
23
cultural translation
175
culture égyptienne
351
culture européenne, European culture
14
180
198
258
313
336
340
367
421
culture iranienne
464
465
470
473
Greek culture
49
152
Islamic culture, culture islamique
5
12
21
37
46
135
427
469
483
530
566
577
635
culture matérielle
274
French culture
196
manuscript culture
145
Muslim culture
228
230
527
545
581
Ottoman culture
171
483
Persian culture, culture persane
4
19
247
469
472
483
540
culture populaire, popular culture
12
17
29
379
religious culture, culture religieuse
21
241
243
598
rural culture
12
Russian culture
532
Sufi culture
12
246
247
urban culture
17
530
539
Urdu culture
228
230
Western culture, Westernised culture, culture occidentale
32
151
313
332
336
417
475
477
Yoruba culture
555
565
569
580
cultivation (see also éducation, tarbiya)
49
50
55
60
68
curriculum
63
64
132
149
417
429
437
443
445
452
483
538
custom, customs (see also coutume, habitus, usage)
4
11
14
28
29
33
98
107
157
196
201
203
205
206
208
216
218
319
326
330
334
341
406
407
410
422
423
426
social custom (see also ʿurf)
98
107
dahr
411
ḍamīr (see also awareness, conscience, conscient, wijdān)
357
367
damnation
55
dance, dancing, danse, danseur, danseuse
17
210
211
215
263
294
317
319
320
333
411
412
415
416
418
419
423
dārgāh (see also shrine)
242
ḍarūra
101
102
104
110
darwinisme social
289
dawla (see also state)
78
179
185
351
566
621
death (see also mort)
83
138
231
418
428
453
455
564
débat, debate
1
2
19
22
24
25
35
50
59
70
96
103
104
118
171
180
183
184
236
240
241
264
288
294
301
303
354
357
361
406
409
425
430
497
508
611
613
640
débauche
379
401
décadence (see also déclin, inḥiṭāt)
22
123
184
292
375
décence
251
327
419
déclin, decline (see also décadence, inḥiṭāt)
21
24
30
135
174
décolonisation
17
décor, décoration
200
274
333
369
deed (see also acte, ʿamal)
51
52
56
102
103
113
453
455
528
544
623
défaut
350
519
défunt (see also mort)
487
495
déisme, déiste
13
déjeuner
193
203
209
467
468
délinquant (see also crime)
369
demeanor (see also comportement, behaviour)
32
55
60
democracy, démocratie, démocratisation
16
341
360
441
demographic transition, démographique, demography
11
12
17
23
429
493
531
538
547
dépense, dépenser
300
484
496
dervish (see also soufi, Sufi)
57
79
219
533
désespoir, despair
17
364
508
désir, desire, désireuse
1
9
10
16
17
27
80
82
172
176
252
272
305
324
336
339
342
367
369
371
373
405
419
424
455
456
468
469
474
477
désordre
284
469
611
despot, despote, despotism (see also tyran)
183
304
342
destruction, détruit
392
486
495
616
destinée, destiny
7
31
415
527
528
568
602
615
deuil
351
467
476
développement personnel (see also al-tanmiya al-dhātiyya)
devoir (see also duty)
291
293
295
306
393
395
398
469
493
496
587
600
602
606
608
610
dévot, dévotion, dévotionnel, devotional
25
68
72
73
76
79
94
117
118
184
185
239
247
372
373
393
398
399
504
505
509
513
515
522
dhawāt (see also elites)
212
dhawq (see also goût)
283
288
368
dhayl pl. adhyāl (see also supplement)
117
138
dhikr (see also invocation, remembrance)
104
dhimmī (see also non-musulman, non-Muslims, zimmi)
dialectal, dialectic
29
135
143
174
388
643
644
dialogue
65
184
350
371
388
518
562
600
602
diaspora
228
483
dictée
514
dictionnaire, dictionary pl. dictionaries (see also qāmūs, tadhkira)
8
34
69
12
136
139
141
152
154
176
228
230
231
463
465
606
didactic, didactique, didactisme
52
54
354
365
445
452
456
536
539
542
546
566
567
575
578
Dieu (see also God)
253
293
300
349
357
373
392
394
395
399
400
401
482
489
493
499
503
513
515
520
606
614
digital humanities
8
dīn (see also religion)
73
75
79
81
111
119
245
422
428
488
490
491
567
dīn-i ilāhi (see also religion : universal religion)
245
dîner, dinner
54
195
201
206
209
211
214
217
237
266
271
303
412
419
468
diplomate, diplomat, diplomatie, diplomatique
14
16
34
182
204
206
208
218
251
252
256
274
311
330
332
337
341
406
413
439
directeur (see also mudīr)
257
258
268
387
507
604
610
613
616
direction (see also irshād)
72
75
144
151
264
394
554
594
595
614
615
disbelief (see also kufr)
238
disciple (see also follower, murid, mutaʿallim)
14
33
70
74
84
85
272
354
408
416
426
451
485
487
492
507
512
517
519
521
535
538
543
565
577
588
discipline, discipliné, disciplinaire, discipliner, disciplining (see also riyāḍa)
6
37
38
49
51
56
59
96
132
133
142
146
151
156
157
172
333
356
369
370
385
387
392
393
400
401
411
445
490
491
495
536
539
566
578
621
624
630
631
635
discours (see also speech)
12
251
284
288
293
301
303
307
312
351
356
360
363
366
369
370
372
375
378
412
476
493
586
593
607
613
617
discovery pl. discoveries
9
30
69
149
150
157
453
569
dish, dishes (see also meal)
200
202
203
213
411
distance, distanciation, distancing
16
23
67
78
194
220
274
286
357
440
464
475
477
485
555
distinction, distinguer
6
15
37
75
103
107
110
115
117
148
149
179
183
200
201
203
220
232
255
269
284
288
306
353
367
368
384
395
398
399
402
437
456
467
473
482
534
543
distinction, distinguer (cont.)
distinction catholique
399
distinction confessionnelle
395
distinction entre lʿapparent et le caché
368
distinction sociale, social distinction
15
200
divan (see also dīwān)
204
264
265
274
divertissement
354
594
divination
137
division (see also classification, taqsīm, taṣnīf)
136
137
140
141
144
146
148
366
388
513
533
535
536
553
587
612
division of sciences (see also classification, ilm, taqsīm, taṣnīf)
144
146
148
divorce
399
diwān
132
148
176
241
diwān al-inshāʿ (see also chancellerie)
132
diyāna
111
178
doctrine, doctrinal
11
51
53
59
70
72
76
101
115
247
294
440
485
487
488
521
573
586
587
602
610
614
document
177
178
264
272
337
387
532
534
539
dogme (see also ʿaqīda)
385
586
597
600
614
615
domestication, domestique (see also bonne, nourrice)
18
78
196
240
273
287
298
340
366
367
380
397
412
414
419
426
492
494
496
527
domination, dominer, dominant
2
21
65
210
228
230
233
235
238
247
265
291
311
355
356
371
378
402
412
489
518
538
548
553
588
589
596
602
617
638
don, donner
363
373
376
392
466
467
511
dot, dūta, dote
284
294
295
303
douaire (see also mahr)
25
drama, drame
333
350
366
dream (see also rêve)
9
411
564
dress (see also vêtement)
196
211
221
312
318
319
321
326
420
428
543
570
drinking (see also boisson)
194
204
316
531
drogman (see also traducteur)
264
274
drogue
599
609
614
616
droit (see also fiqh, loi)
255
273
378
401
484
497
586
588
597
615
droiture (see also ṣidq)
298
299
dustūr (see also constitution)
duty pl. duties (see also devoir)
55
79
81
99
102
103
105
115
117
177
196
197
335
340
407
413
414
416
417
420
430
626
634
637
dynastie, dynasty pl. dynasties
66
70
179
207
214
219
293
510
529
530
Early Modern (see also période moderne, frühe neuzeit)
1
3
18
20
22
24
30
36
49
50
59
63
64
66
67
69
86
88
100
128
175
199
201
302
620
622
earning (see also kasb)
112
eating (see also akl, manger)
147
194
196
200
201
203
205
207
213
216
218
316
eau (see also water)
466
469
494
587
échange
255
257
261
264
266
283
466
467
471
476
492
518
échange diplomatique
257
échange mutuel (see also mübadele)
255
échanges de visite (see also dīd-ū-bāzdīd)
467
école, écolier (see also madrasa, school)
254
263
274
282
287
289
291
293
362
384
391
394
396
400
402
481
482
487
489
495
498
499
504
600
605
609
école juridique (see also madhhab)
481
487
école ottomane (see also Mekteb-i osmânî)
263
écoles de filles
498
écoles impériales
400
écoles jésuites
389
économie, economy, economic, économique
2
9
12
15
16
25
37
38
49
53
57
59
60
97
118
155
156
217
219
236
240
257
261
290
292
296
311
315
325
328
336
338
356
359
364
369
408
412
415
439
445
496
498
528
531
538
557
563
586
593
596
613
617
638
domestic economy, économie domestique (see also adab al-nafaqāt al-manziliyya)
178
296
297
408
412
415
496
écrire, écrit, écriture (see also kitāb, kitāba, writing)
252
253
256
262
267
274
282
284
287
304
307
350
352
356
387
390
400
401
481
485
487
504
507
510
512
516
518
520
522
600
603
écrits édifiants
387
écrits narratifs
353
354
écrits normatifs
390
écriture (en arabe)
253
265
304
307
350
352
504
507
510
515
516
518
520
521
écrivain (see also auteur, author, writer)
266
281
282
302
306
350
352
357
360
373
379
386
513
éditeur, editor (see also muḥarrir)
11
33
177
283
286
421
483
484
490
511
513
640
641
édition, édité, edited, éditorial
34
70
74
76
86
117
145
153
155
171
177
184
236
253
281
287
353
387
388
397
482
486
490
498
499
505
507
510
513
514
516
517
521
522
538
560
575
576
maison d’édition
281
287
483
485
education, éducation, éducatif, educational, educationist (see also cultivation, taʿdīb, tarbiya)
1
3
7
12
14
16
18
19
26
33
36
70
80
124
132
142
143
145
147
150
157
172
184
185
217
222
235
236
238
245
248
251
253
267
285
288
297
306
312
319
320
326
332
337
340
342
352
353
356
370
375
385
389
395
401
405
429
435
457
463
465
468
472
474
490
493
496
505
528
534
538
542
548
553
556
564
581
605
638
639
642
éducation civique
294
496
éducation des enfants (see also tarbiyat al-awlād)
289
465
492
493
éducation des filles
398
éducation des sentiments
356
éducation moderne, modern education
238
370
405
éducation morale et religieuse, moral education
14
385
éducation religieuse
352
385
éducation spirituelle
389
education system
172
éduqué, éduquer
282
284
293
300
305
356
394
efendiyya
338
340
effort
6
19
20
34
65
69
73
106
151
156
285
331
418
419
442
452
481
486
487
491
514
538
effort dans l’interprétation juridique (see also effort juridique, ijtihād, individual effort)
481
effort spirituel (see also mujāhada)
491
equal, égal, égalitaire, égalité, equality
30
34
38
84
180
207
240
294
314
393
416
475
église, Église (see also church)
272
373
384
385
391
394
398
401
ego, égoïsme, égoïste (see also self)
24
25
124
299
370
468
623
ego-documents
124
162
ego-identity
124
Égypte, Egypt, Egyptian, Égyptien
1
2
5
8
10
13
14
16
17
20
23
27
28
34
37
103
128
147
148
171
172
175
186
193
220
240
270
273
281
283
286
290
294
297
302
306
351
354
357
360
363
365
367
369
375
379
399
405
430
435
439
442
446
453
483 485
487
498
506
508
572
575
579
590
591
603
621
625
628
633
637
640
ehl-i kalem (see also hommes de plume)
265
elbise-i milliye (see also costume national)
272
élégance
8
16
51
203
253
267
560
élève (see also pensionnaire, demi-pensionnaire)
352
361
384
402
494
elite, élite, élites
1
3
4
12
14
16
19
26
66
69
77
134
156
176
194
212
216
221
232
235
241
244
245
248
253
267
286
288
299
306
307
339
355
371
388
394
399
406
408
410
412
430
440
442
457
475
515
527
532
534
540
553
555
561
562
570
603
620
624
627
638
éloge, élogieux, élogieuse (see also eulogy, praise, taqrīẓ)
290
291
358
360
509
515
517
612
eloquence, éloquence, balāgha (see also belagat)
149
265
317
369
386
390
559
émancipation, émancipatoire
11
339
341
361
370
371
398
426
643
émancipation de l’individu
361
émancipation de la femme
341
370
371
émigration (see also migration)
281
297
409
486
540
émir, émirat
237
427
485
527
531
541
552
555
557
559
561
566
567
573
577
588
591
610
625
emotion, émotion (see also affect)
14
17
51
97
273
338
340
347
357
360
373
374
379
607
643
empereur, emperor
257
272
Empire, Empire
2
3
10
12
14
16
23
28
37
50
66
68
74
76
79
80
83
84
133
146
171
176
183
184
194
195
228
233
255
260
262
269
270
272
292
293
324
325
328
364
375
435
436
440
442
446
481
505
510
512
532
548
552
606
British Empire
228
435
436
440
442
446
Mongol Empire
184
Empire ottoman, Ottoman Empire
2
3
10
12
14
16
23
28
37
50
133
171
176
183
184
194
195
257
292
306
324
325
328
481
510
Ọyọ Empire
552
555
559
Russian Empire
233
532
548
employé, employeur (see also fonctionnaire, civil servant)
268
296
303
598
604
605
617
emprunt (see also adaptation, iqtibās)
262
301
365
371
377
470
491
encounter(s) (see also meeting, rencontre)
6
14
22
23
151
183
405
411
554
encyclopaedia, encyclopaedism, encyclopaedist, encyclopaedic, encyclopaedical, encyclopédie, encyclopédisme, (see also ansiklūbīdhiyāt, mawsūʿa)
11
13
22
33
83
123
125
134
136
140
158
332
337
484
adab encyclopaedia
128
129
337
encyclopaedia of philosophy
141
encyclopaedia of sciences
encyclopaedic prose
141
encyclopédie littéraire
484
endowment, endower (see also waqf)
105
106
108
110
113
176
533
énergie, energy
291
448
449
enfant, enfantin, enfance (see also children)
285
289
293
297
300
371
385
388
390
393
464
465
468
491
493
enfer (see also Hell)
367
engineer, engineering
15
156
172
444
447
453
625
English (langue)
32
34
154
215
230
234
236
239
341
246
247
406
411
412
414
419
420
439
445
446
553
556
571
575
576
580
630
English gentleman
203
English literature
7
English translation
68
75
85
87
203
234
242
626
Enlightenment (see also Aufklärung, tanwīr al-afkār)
9
17
20
35
50
55
158
174
340
341
enseignement, enseigner, enseignant, enseigné (see also maître, master, professeur, taʿlīm, teacher, teaching, muʿallim, muʾaddib, murabbī)
13
283
284
298
352
356
374
376
385
387
389
395
399
400
486
487
489
494
506
507
603
612
entertainment
4
195
197
201
206
210
215
325
entretien, entretiens (see also muḥāḍarāt)
350
364
595
597
606
609
envy (see also ḥasad)
54
56
epics
64
337
epidemic, épidémie
94
99
493
564
épistémologie, épistémologique, epistemology, epistemological
12
24
134
143
149
152
155
374
épistolaire (see also correspondance, courrier)
253
265
273
486
518
épître, epistle (see also risāla)
76
78
81
86
350
592
épouse, épouser, époux (see also mariage)
269
270
293
295
298
303
304
371
377
396
398
471
476
équilibre
252
254
260
265
519
érotologie, erotology, érotisme
28
420
erreur, erreurs
262
269
299
514
518
520
érudition
281
301
eschatologie, eschatologique, eschatology
368
564
566
573
esclavage, esclavagiste (see also slave)
266
359
364
ésotérique, ésotérisme
21
72
244
380
469
508
espace public, public space
256
274
406
409
413
428
586
598
602
605
611
614
617
espèce
295
379
espèce humaine
295
342
espèces animales
295
esprit (see also spiritualité, spiritisme)
264
285
288
290
295
350
353
372
377
379
392
393
401
481
494
498
504
515
590
604
esprit d’entreprise
295
esprit d’initiative
290
esprit vital
372
essai, essay (maqāla)
24
63
66
138
146
148
173
320
326
352
354
357
362
365
374
379
507
establishment
59
96
532
537
592
607
610
615
626
632
638
esthétique (cf aesthetics)
305
354
369
370
373
374
379
estime de soi, self-esteem
607
État, étatique (see also State)
252
255
258
260
263
266
283
292
293
306
339
401
402
586
587
589
592
594
596
598
603
604
612
614
617
éternel, éternité
27
293
599
610
611
éthique, ethics, ethical (see also morale, ʿilm, khuluq, akhlāq)
1
2
4
5
14
22
24
29
30
49
50
54
57
72
78
86
87
95
97
98
112
115
118
137
143
238
244
248
259
267
274
289
300
311
324
328
330
337
338
340
358
365
371
374
405
408
422
426
442
453
468
475
476
484
488
492
498
499
527
529
534
555
565
569
577
580
587
623
626
ethical behaviour (see also khuluq)
95
éthique islamique
289
475
476
484
488
ethnie, ethnique, ethnic
58
173
438
473
531
547
561
579
636
638
642
ethnographe, ethnographie, ethnography
117
256
289
537
539
544
etiquette, étiquette (see also adab, bonne éducation, bienséance, civilité, politesse, savoir parler, savoir-vivre)
2
4
8
14
16
20
27
28
30
34
36
37
54
55
173
194
201
203
204
207
209
210
218
222
230
251
257
260
274
312
399
405
411
419
423
426
430
463
467
471
542
court etiquette
195
201
étiquette à la cour
399
etiquette of eating
195
etiquette manual
20
national etiquette
203
étranger, foreign
153
173
177
180
204
205
207
208
210
214
217
222
232
318
320
258
263
267
272
273
286
287
296
302
303
307
332
341
349
352
353
366
367
377
399
410
414
415
419
472
473
477
496
565
590
592
593
599
602
613
614
616
629
639
être humain (see also human being)
356
362
370
376
464
468
472
611
être parfait (see also insān kāmil)
356
être parlant (see also insān nāṭiq)
356
étude, étudié, étudier, étudiant (see also student)
272
274
287
292
296
298
301
302
352
354
357
369
372
379
384
387
397
401
402
463
469
481
483
486
488
506
507
510
600
604
607
609
612
eulogie, eulogy (see also éloge, praise, taqrīẓ)
109
513
537
556
Europeanisation, européanisation, européaniser (see also tafarnuj, Westernisation)
15
209
218
283
313
318
321
326
327
355
409
417
Européen, European
1
2
3
7
9
15
17
19
20
22
23
28
30
34
36
50
59
60
148
153
171
174
175
178
186
193
199
201
222
228
236
242
244
255
258
261
269
274
283
284
287
296
299
302
304
307
311
327
330
336
339
341
353
355
359
361
364
366
385
390
396
397
401
406
417
421
Européen, European (cont.)
423–428, 431, 441–442, 489–490, 497, 504, 556, 638
evil (see also mal)
51
53
98
104
142
400
429
557
568
635
évolution, évoluer , évolutionnisme, évolutionniste (see also darwinisme social)
19
30
49
96
135
157
261
292
303
405
425
428
475
518
612
darwinian theory of evolution
157
examen, examiner, examination
56
136
147
349
350
352
394
445
495
615
examen de conscience (see also introspection, techniques de soi, murāqabat al-nafs, taṣfiyat al-ḥisāb)
352
394
exegesis
137
143
245
625
exemple, exemplaire, example (see also uswa)
20
32
65
69
72
73
167
178
193
237
253
267
271
286
290
352
392
394
405
412
417
421
424
427
429
465
519
521
522
542
576
599
632
633
exhortation (see also waʿẓ)
49
68
359
361
488
498
624
existence
18
19
23
79
80
145
235
243
372
397
399
412
435
469
553
595
expérience
76
133
148
184
229
238
256
260
267
357
358
367
372
373
385
419
441
445
457
563
571
575
577
579
603
extase, ecstatic (see also transe, wajd, tawājud)
70
72
373
374
520
564
extériorité (see also ẓāhir)
470
eye (see also œil, yeux)
53
428
evil eye (see also mauvais œil)
429
Facebook
32
619
625
628
630
631
637
640
643
faḍīla, pl. faḍāʿil (see also vertue, virtue)
7
52
356
415
587
611
613
fahm (see also compréhension)
368
faḥshāʾ (see also liaisons adultérines)
297
fāʾida pl. fawāʿid (see also bienfait salvifique, moral, remark)
78
101
107
178
313
510
624
faire connaissance (see also taʿārafa)
465
faith (see also foi, īmān)
17
20
24
26
30
36
50
60
79
81
83
87
143
178
179
228
234
314
327
329
338
340
421
422
535
632
635
639
642
falsafa (see also philosophie, philosophy)
156
186
293
al-falsafa al-ijtimāʿiyya (see also sociologie)
293
al-ʿulūm al-falsafiyya (see also philosophie, science)
156
famille, family
57
60
69
70
74
86
100
108
147
152
194
197
202
205
214
217
220
237
240
262
266
270
281
283
285
287
288
290
293
295
298
303
306
314
317
330
335
340
353
372
375
386
397
399
402
405
407
410
416
419
421
422
426
428
449
452
457
466
472
475
487
492
498
509
511
540
543
548
556
560
574
593
603
615
643
familier, familiers, familiar (see also muqarrabūn)
7
19
107
109
151
204
207
210
211
216
218
261
266
269
286
367
410
578
622
624
fanatisme (see also al-taʿaṣṣub)
299
358
fann pl. funūn (see also art, science, ʿilm)
12
125
129
131
136
139
141
144
148
149
153
154
156
487
al-funūn al-ʿamaliyya (see also art, practice)
149
al-funūn al-ʿaqliyya (see also art, intellect)
148
fann al-ḥikma (see also philosophie islamique)
487
faqīr
242
513
farʿ pl. furūʿ (see also branch)
107
136
147
156
604
farḍ (see also obligation, wājib)
101
farhang (see also adab, andarz, akhlāq)
5
548
fasād
414
fashion (see also mode, mūda)
203
211
215
217
312
317
324
331
423
faṣl pl. fuṣūl (see also chapitre)
51
100
101
143
fasting (see also jeûne, ṣawm, ṣiyām)
101
103
104
115
203
fatalisme
498
father (see also père)
17
65
70
72
74
76
86
100
103
117
153
153
196
206
314
315
317
320
321
324
325
327
330
331
334
414
423
428
454
456
535
541
544
558
560
561
565
623
624
640
642
fatherland (see also patrie, waṭan)
153
fatwā
82
98
108
110
112
113
535
610
faults, faute
56
335
377
411
417
422
514
519
feast
200
201
208
212
213
411
422
feeling (see also sentiment)
24
56
68
331
338
340
342
370
643
fellah, fellāḥ
371
378
female
211
214
219
341
342
406
409
412
417
419
420
424
426
577
611
625
féminisme, féministe, feminist
31
244
408
409
424
427
femme, féminin (see also woman, women)
27
29
202
256
266
270
274
288
289
293
295
297
298
303
305
356
369
371
378
385
393
395
397
405
408
414
418
420
421
427
431
464
470
476
492
494
495
594
608
611
615
fête
215
273
289
373
467
476
feuilleton
267
305
fez (see also chapeau, hat, tarbouche, tarbūš)
34
251
269
273
330
411
festivity pl. festivities
197
206
208
211
216
562
fiction, fictionnel, fictionality, fictif, fictive (see also mensonger, mawḍūʿ)
124
302
313
317
336
337
340
350
354
355
365
368
377
575
642
fidèle, fidélité (see also sadakat, wafāʿ)
87
258
260
292
298
327
367
385
394
455
490
510
588
figures de style (see also ajnās)
365
filiation
86
289
fille (see also girl)
269
270
294
296
303
305
365
369
398
465
472
498
594
film
254
533
562
572
575
594
600
614
fils
262
285
287
297
299
304
305
353
360
371
385
399
485
506
512
595
606
fiqh, faqīh (see also jurisprudence, droit)
72
75
98
103
110
113
261
333
427
578
586
622
631
632
634
uṣūl al-fiqh (see also jurisprudence, principe)
72
578
First World War (see also Première Guerre Mondiale)
19
20
236
247
339
407
408
415
418
420
425
426
430
436
564
573
fitna
611
fiṭra (see also constitution originelle)
363
365
370
375
foi (see also belief, faith, īmān)
300
363
373
385
389
399
482
484
497
610
folie, fou
372
375
487
folklore, folktales (see also ākhāṇiyyūn)
157
246
337
fonctionnaire (see also civil servant, employé, functionary)
202
285
600
fonction, fonctionnement
202
264
274
285
306
350
391
591
592
595
600
606
612
617
food (see also alimentation, eating)
194
196
200
201
209
220
231
242
565
football (see also kurrat al-qadam)
494
594
fork (see also fourchette, shawka)
16
194
200
205
206
213
215
217
218
316
319
foreign (see also étranger)
153
173
179
180
204
208
210
214
217
222
232
318
320
329
332
341
410
414
415
419
438
440
555
565
629
637
foreignisation (see also domestication)
367
formalité, formality
194
463
formation, former (see also training)
263
268
283
306
320
352
354
356
366
385
491
494
506
507
595
598
599
601
602
604
character formation, formation du caractère
22
95
289
293
294
296
402
formulation, formuler
9
47
68
99
131
145
158
171
174
222
244
251
265
436
470
479
487
488
594
627
formule, formula
94
99
105
107
108
231
253
262
264
265
294
360
368
491
fortune
286
300
306
325
411
418
600
foulard (see also voile)
466
foundation
52
106
296
528
571
574
576
fourchette, forchetta, furtīka (see also fork, shawka)
203
209
295
foyer (see also bayt, manzil)
297
298
303
306
486
Français, français (langue) (see also French)
193
252
262
264
284
291
302
304
350
355
360
362
365
367
369
376
387
391
400
401
472
496
600
franchise (see also ṣidq)
298
299
475
franc-maçonnerie (see also freemasonry)
298
Frank, Frankish (see also afranj, European, French, ifranj)
148
206
212
213
312
330
337
341
453
Fraternité
375
376
393
freedom (see also liberté)
9
153
411
421
440
freemasonry (see also franc-maçonnerie)
30
244
French, Frenchmen (see also afranj, Français, ifranj)
7
20
23
26
28
34
35
134
148
151
154
171
176
179
182
193
196
202
211
214
215
314
320
325
329
333
337
405
406
410
419
421
426
435
438
569
572
573
French fashions
211
French language
211
333
French literature
7
333
417
frère (see also brother)
257
268
287
291
302
358
397
485
492
Frères des Écoles chrétiennes
387
Frères musulmans (see also Muslim Brotherhood)
597
friend, friendship (see also ami, amitié)
56
57
318
324
325
328
331
333
338
406
422
424
428
451
455
565
566
frontière
255
269
399
521
Frühe Neuzeit (see also Early Modern, période moderne)
3
functionary pl. functionaries (see also fonctionnaire)
155
178
196
212
216
534
funerals, funeral ceremonies, funérailles
428
543
544
546
funūn (see also art)
12
125
131
136
139
141
144
148
153
156
furniture
201
319
342
fuṣḥā (see also langue littéraire)
305
futuwwa (see also javanmardi, muruwwa)
6
games
19
411
gants (see also gloves)
296
garçon (see also boy)
284
297
360
369
370
gare (see also train)
466
496
gender
28
214
219
323
409
623
624
genre littéraire, literary genre, genre « adab »
5
11
12
24
33
63
112
124
131
141
146
151
184
254
265
297
305
307
312
313
315
354
355
372
388
408
451
490
493
508
513
514
539
généalogie, généalogique, genealogy pl. genealogies
6
33
96
142
287
508
529
535
537
544
546
548
génération
7
12
14
66
134
139
149
151
172
217
218
267
325
328
334
379
419
442
452
481
491
537
538
542
559
561
569
571
575
579
597
604
générosité, generosity (see also muruwwa, karam, jūd, samāḥ)
80
292
326
327
333
471
472
476
557
gentil, gentillesse (see also mehrebūn)
477
497
gentilhomme, gentilshommes (see also adīb, udabāʾ)
288
gentleman pl. gentlemen
146
199
243
252
253
259
267
282
332
411
419
423
geology
156
157
géographie, geography, geographical, geographer
96
124
128
133
135
141
148
151
156
157
238
243
251
320
333
415
417
436
438
444
457
497
537
554
579
622
638
geometry (see also al-ʿulūm al-handasiyya)
148
149
German, Germany
8
18
19
50
212
240
440
564
567
636
geste, gesture
55
349
385
392
464
467
469
471
ghaḍab (see also anger)
54
gharb-zadegi (see also tafarnuj)
312
girl, girls (see also fille)
7
15
17
217
222
314
316
320
328
329
338
340
342
405
410
412
420
424
429
437
638
glossary pl. glossaries
95
242
243
glose, gloss, glosses (see also ḥāshiya, sharḥ)
140
142
569
gloves
211
319
334
God (see also Dieu)
5
8
26
32
53
56
59
75
78
79
94
95
99
104
106
108
110
114
116
243
321
327
330
399
416
428
430
448
455
538
543
560
562
564
566
568
577
624
629
634
goût (see also dhawq)
283
285
288
292
296
298
368
gouvernement, gouvernemental, gouverner, government
66
68
77
78
87
193
202
266
269
293
356
363
375
400
596
612
gouverneur, governor (see also nawwāb)
51
145
228
244
442
443
454
493
616
637
governess(es)
216
217
410
413
414
422
grammaire, grammar, grammarian
4
49
97
149
253
318
333
566
567
574
grec, grecque, Greek
5
6
19
26
27
32
34
49
54
63
65
79
152
154
156
172
173
184
262
281
375
376
384
385
394
398
399
409
410
414
419
421
488
490
Greek-catholic, grec-catholique
394
398
409
Greek-orthodox, grec-orthodoxe
281
385
398
399
guerre (see also armée, army, militaire, military, djihad, war)
255
260
353
358
362
363
397
468
497
499
511
588
597
606
guest (see also hôte, hospitalité)
178
194
200
207
216
316
318
327
333
574
guide, guider, guidance, guideline (see also hidāyat, irshād, murshid)
34
56
70
75
100
105
118
246
259
263
264
268
293
300
392
400
412
416
446
453
454
469
494
517
520
529
533
547
591
600
603
608
625
632
643
gymnastics
17
418
habillage, habiller (see also cloth, vêtement)
299
392
habit
367
594
habitant, habitat, habitation
223
285
376
469
473
475
495
605
habitude, habit (see also habitus, usage)
187
203
254
290
291
294
297
303
307
289
393
395
400
habitus (see also habit, habitude, usage)
18
19
26
27
33
34
37
97
259
265
268
337
399
504
602
ḥadāra (see also civilisation, madaniyya, order, tamaddun)
152
ḫadātha (see also jadīd, modernité)
10
ḥadīth, hadith pl. aḥādīth (see also muḥaddith, tradition)
10
20
25
32
36
49
54
56
69
71
73
77
90
100
101
105
109
112
113
116
145
152
157
187
218
224
254
261
282 291
296
333
350
373
375
381
411
417
422
423
427
428
458
501
505
507
508
510
513
515
517
518
520
523
525
534
572
573
577
582
594
622
627
632
646
650
hagiographic, hagiographie, hagiographique, hagiography
85
488
513
524
527
529
539
540
542
549
623
haine
359
364
492
hair (see also cheveux)
32
342
420
629
ḥajj (see also pilgrimage)
71
101
103
104
108
115
533
ḥākim pl. ḥukkām (see also prince)
17
75
86
87
90
92
491
500
507
508
524
525
ḥalāl (see also licite, manger)
293
296
hamajiyya (see also barbarie)
359
ḥammām (see also bain public)
494
Hanafi, hanafism, hanafisme, hanafite (see also madhhab)
54
99
103
106
113
117
144
296
529
531
533
536
541
546
hanbalism, hanbalisme, hanbalite / ḥanbalite
372
373
486
586
594
597
hanbalo-wahhabisme, hanbalo-wahhabite (see also wahhabism)
586
587
590
592
594
596
599
605
608
611
614
617
handbook (see also manuel, textbook)
122
141
142
195
430
436
437
442
444
448
449
452
454
460
549
626
happiness (see also bonheur)
52
131
339
422
426
449
456
ḥaqīqa (see also truth)
105
243
372
500
ḥarām
10
305
harem
202
205
206
214
219
223
266
269
330
413
415
432
ḥarf pl. ḥurūf (see also abjad, alphabet : alphabetical order)
146
harmonie, harmonieuse, harmonisation, harmoniser, harmony
20
30
82
150
219
248
252
254
323
324
328
366
375
409
418
419
468
470
493
498
499
ḥasad (see also envy)
54
55
Hāshimiyya (see also confrérie, ṭarīqa)
515
522
ḥāshiya (see also commentaire)
100
119
ḥassa (see also sensibilité, sensibility)
393
ḥayāʾ (see also pudeur, ḥishma)
303
359
369
425
428
630
637
haykal (see also sanctuaire, shrine)
15
240
347
361
363
371
380
392
healing
94
109
563
heart (see also cœur, qalb)
2
3
29
30
51
53
55
113
338
339
340
342
400
407
589
618
626
639
650
hebdomadaire
300
384
394
600
hégire (see also hijra)
375
heliocentricity, heliocentrism
135
149
Hell (see also enfer)
56
105
231
456
hereafter (see also au-delà)
14
26
52
55
75
446
héréditaire, hereditary
455
529
537
hérétique, heretic
75
482
605
héritage, héritier, hérité (see also legacy, patrimoine, turāth)
161
250
264
266
286
287
354
369
388
504
508
510
513
588
610
hero, heroes ; héros, héroïne
7
8
240
284
287
304
305
329
333
340
355
373
379
404
427
430
hidāyat (see also guidance)
187
415
432
hiérarchie, hiérarchique, hierarchy, - ies, hierarchical
12
59
99
127
132
134
140
141
145
163
196
198
200
201
207
212
252
261
262
265
328
342
378
401
543
544
546
553
554
558
620
630
632
635
ḥijāb
28
240
369
370
406
407
409
419
420
477
hijra (see also hégire)
101
109
ḥikam (see also sentences)
492
ḥikāya, pl. ḥikāyāt (see also anecdote)
67
78
305
ḥikma, ḥikmiyya (see also sagesse, wisdom)
148
427
ḥilm (see also longanimité)
292
hindu, hindou, Hindus, Hinduism
5
64
65
76
83
90
228
229
232
237
242
243
245
247
249
533
535
537
543
ḥisba
31
105
111
497
586
611
614
618
ḥishma (see also pudeur, ḥayāʾ)
303
388
392
histoire, historique, history (see also story, tārīkh)
1
3
4
11
12
18
24
26
27
30
34
36
63
64
67
74
76
78
83
85
96
97
101
125
126
128
133
134
148
149
155
156
171
174
176
182
184
232
234
238
239
247
281
283
289
301
304
305
316
320
330
333
351
353
355
364
365
371
373
415
435
437
439
443
444
451
456
488
497
504
505
508
510
529
533
534
539
543
546
547
552
559
560
574
578
579
587
596
600
602
604
605
616
617
636
historical knowledge (see also ʿilm, tārīkh)
156
historical writing
556
European history
148
162
global history
30
90
literary history (see also adab, tārīkh)
24
126
156
173
188
232
337
552
modern history
35
44
92
533
natural history
149
417
histoire d’amour
305
371
histoire de la civilisation islamique
281
307
351
histoire littéraire
353
355
histoire de la littérature arabe
382
505
histoire politique
364
historien, historian
3
7
18
20
21
30
34
36
66
76
85
99
117
133
175
186
337
354
405
435
436
443
456
529
537
539
544
545
historiographe, historiographie, historiography, historiographique
9
24
26
30
43
44
61
77
96
189
239
251
253
260
264
266
434
437
461
528
550
555
559
560
579
580
584
hommage (see also tribute)
351
377
homme
homme politique
291
hommes de lettres, hommes de plume (see also ehl-i kalem)
253
264
351
honnête homme
4
27
40
230
240
241
248
homoerotic, homoerotism, homoérotisme
37
homogène, homogénéité
587
588
589
604
615
homosexuality, homosexualité
397
611
honnêteté
290
298
303
393
honneur
258
260
296
368
390
393
400
476
491
591
595
611
617
horse riding
540
hospitalité, hospitality
492
host, hôte (see also guest)
200
203
208
303
335
377
465
467
hotel, hôtel
204
222
266
303
323
411
house (see also apartment)
94
213
246
314
318
319
328
341
342
408
410
413
533
544
558
576
household
34
58
137
194
197
201
203
205
206
209
212
217
218
328
412
426
4271
427
534
household management
34
137
412
433
housekeeping
217
412
housewife, housewives
412
415
ḥukm pl. aḥkām (see also précepte, law : basic positive law)
75
79
82
93
94
99
119
121
143
176
179
187
430
438
458
597
647
649
ḥukūma
160
179
618
humain, human, human being (see also être humain)
254
258
295
298
300
356
361
362
364
365
370
371
376
380
464
468
470
472
493
602
611
humanisme, humaniste, humanism
1
38
79
132
166
190
363
365
379
489
501
humanitarisme (see also insāniyya, humanité, philanthropie)
358
humanité, humanity pl. humanities (see also insāniyya, philanthropie, humanitarisme)
8
35
36
95
157
235
246
244
327
358
359
454
471
472
474
645
humble (see also opprimé)
73
315
349
351
359
453
humilité
467
468
471
472
476
husband
31
214
216
217
322
342
410
413
416
418
424
428
ḥuzn (see also tristesse)
373
hygiene, hygiène, hygiénique, hygiénisme, hygiéniste
194
285
286
296
390
402
415
418
446
493
494
501
ʿibādat pl. ʿibādāt (see also rituel, worship)
79
80
97
107
111
609
626
ʿibāra (see also expression)
115
idāra (see also administration, État, state)
592
idéal, ideal, idéalisation, idéalisé
4
5
20
49
54
60
78
110
124
127
137
138
178
180
185
229
234
239
241
249
252
281
306
311
320
332
340
343
351
371
375
376
385
387
395
398
400
407
410
416
451
455
456
469
470
476
477
494
504
507
514
516
542
599
620
636
idée, idea, idées
1
3
9
11
13
14
23
29
30
33
35
36
52
58
72
76
87
118
135
146
152
156
171
174
175
180
235
238
240
248
258
269
291
294
298
324
326
328
360
362
365
367
395
419
429
482
487
496
499
544
580
590
611
612
627
630
631
634
637
642
identité, identity, identitaire
1
28
31
38
124
173
198
199
220
221
236
240
271
273
282
284
303
304
312
314
321
330
332
336
338
354
357
361
367
368
406
409
425
430
431
467
473
504
512
540
551
555
556
563
567
568
580
599
identité arabe
282
284
331
identité culturelle
354
357
361
367
identité égyptienne
357
identité islamique, Islamic identity
173
368
409
551
567
identité nationale, national identity
271
273
354
357
406
540
identification, identifier
6
25
60
105
111
129
131
174
197
220
242
272
305
324
357
362
378
385
387
529
531
567
632
idéologie, idéologique, ideology, ideological
11
16
49
50
59
63
67
77
78
86
88
123
153
180
244
289
336
354
idéologie, idéologique (cont.)
359, 436, 476, 499, 515, 529, 541, 586, 594, 596, 602, 610, 613, 627, 636, 639
idrāka pl. idrākāt
148
al-idrākāt al-muḥaqqaqa (see also knowledge : empirical knowledge)
148
Idrīsiyya (see also confrérie, ṭarīqa)
512
ifranj, ifranjī, ifrankiyya (see also afranj, Frank, French)
148
303
312
313
362
ignorance (jahl), ignorant
99
110
114
115
256
268
299
313
315
320
326
335
336
341
366
387
414
415
419
426
428
iḥsān (see also bienfaisance)
76
102
359
624
627
iḥtirām (see also respectabilité, respectability)
37
iḥyāʿ (see also revival)
53
152
ijāza pl. ijāzāt (see also autorisation à transmettre un texte déterminé)
505
507
512
516
518
520
573
ijtihād (see also effort dans lʿinterprétation juridique, effort juridique, individual effort)
24
38
156
481
487
507
ijtimāʿī (see also sociable)
282
289
292
293
477
492
ikhtilāṭ (see also mixité)
611
Ikhwān (see also Yihewani)
58
589
592
596
617
636
638
Ikhwān al-Ṣafā
130
378
ʿilāj (see also traitement, treatment)
54
56
ilhām
364
illiterate (see also analphabète, literacy, literate)
407
414
429
539
illustration (see also image)
109
411
426
428
ʿilm pl. ʿulūm, ʿilmiyya (see also connaissance, fann, knowledge, maʽrifa, savoir, science)
22
25
52
53
56
79
95
118
119
124
125
127
131
133
135
138
141
148
150
153
156
157
232
239
240
282
289
386
421
422
429
491
499
533
536
537
539
566
576
abjad al-ʿulūm
125
131
145
147
ahl al-ʿilm (see also knowledge : people of knowledge)
147
al-adab wa-l-ʿilm (see also culture, science)
282
al-ʿulūm al-adabiyya (see also linguistic, literary, science)
124
132
137
141
150
al-ʿulūm al-ahaliyya (see also science, société)
156
al-ʿʿulūm al-āliyya (see also science : chemical/instrumental/mechanical sciences)
156
al-ʿulūm al-ʿamaliyya (see also science : practical sciences)
144
al-ʿulūm al-ʿaqliyya (see also ʿaql, raison, science)
135
141
144
al-ʿʿulūm al-ʿarabiyya (see also science, arabe)
127
144
576
ʿʿulūm ḍārra (see also science : dangerous sciences)
142
ʿulūm nāfiʿa (see also useful sciences)
142
al-ʿulūm al-falsafiyya (see also philosophie, science)
156
al-ʿulūm al-haʿiyya (see also astronomy, science)
137
al-ʿulūm al-handasiyya (see also geometry, science)
137
al-ʿulūm al-ḥaqīqiyya (see also science : essential sciences, hard sciences)
144
al-ʿulūm al-ḥikmiyya (see also philosophie, science)
148
al-ʿulūm al-ilahiyya (see also science, théologie)
144
al-ʿulūm al-ʿilmiyya (see also science : exact/scientific sciences)
137
156
al-ʿulūm al-juzʿiyya (see also science : divisible sciences)
144
al-ʿulūm al-madaniyya (see also civilisation, science)
156
al-ʿulūm al-naqliyya (see also science, transmission)
141
144
al-ʿulūm al-naẓariyya (see also science, théorie)
144
al-ʿulūm al-riyāḍiyya (see also mathematics, science)
148
al-ʿulūm al-sharʿiyya (see also religion, science, sharīʿa)
137
al-ʿulūm al-taʿrīkhiyya (see also histoire, knowledge)
156
al-ʿulūm al-ṭabīʿiyya (see also nature, science)
156
aṣnāf al-ʿulūm (see also category, science)
140
142
ʿilm adab al-akl
147
ʿilm al-adab (see also linguistic, literary, science, science de la littérature)
133
137
147
153
156
386
ʿilm al-ʿadad (see also mathematics, science)
137
ʿilm al-akhlāq (see also ethics)
143
422
429
ʿilm al-tarjama (see also science, translation)
151
ʿilm-e badīʽ (see also prose)
232
ʿilm-e bayān (see also interprétation, science, rhétorique)
232
ʿilm-e maʿānī (see also science)
232
ʿilm-i taṣawwuf (see also knowledge, soufisme)
240
taqsīm/taqāsīm al-ʿulūm (see also classification, division, science, taṣnīf)
136
140
144
148
taṣnīf al-ʿulūm (see also classification, division, science, taqsīm)
140
image (see also illustration)
32
38
95
96
156
367
399
629
imaginaire, imagination, imaginary, imaginer
4
26
36
173
179
239
270
319
366
372
373
416
427
433
510
587
605
607
608
639
640
imam, imām, imāma (see also autorité, guide de la communauté)
103
105
108
110
113
147
236
289
290
533
536
543
556
558
560
561
565
579
591
603
607
609
īmān (see also faith, foi)
79
93
627
637
imitation, imitateur, imiter (see also taqlīd)
23
25
52
199
221
237
285
294
301
324
359
409
411
481
487
567
629
630
634
635
643
immigration, immigré (see also emigration, migrants, migration)
351
385
605
immoralité, immorality (see also moralité)
17
297
393
625
629
immortalité (see also âme)
300
impérialisme, imperialism
244
351
355
356
440
441
impiété (see also piété)
615
imprimerie, impression, imprimer, imprimé, imprimés, imprimeur (see also maṭbūʿāt, printing)
252
283
307
338
372
384
388
484
489
496
506
511
514
519
521
614
impudique (see also pudeur)
393
396
incantation (see also ruqyā)
109
114
inculqué, inculquer
291
399
464
465
474
independance, indépendance
291
354
506
indigence (see also maskana)
285
indigenisation
554
individu, individual, individuation, individualisation
4
6
9
13
16
19
25
28
32
57
59
60
68
72
95
104
107
110
113
115
117
156
175
194
200
273
282
289
290
293
294
299
300
306
354
361
367
373
386
395
399
445
449
455
468
491
492
552
556
606
610
620
623
624
627
630
643
industrial society
11
industrie, industry, industrialisation
157
172
244
351
409
446
449
infidèle, infidelity, infidel (see also schismatique, disbelief, kufr)
87
251
255
256
259
260
269
385
398
605
inḥiṭāt (see also déclin, décadence)
21
123
initiation, initiatique
115
231
512
injuste, injustice
81
377
378
639
innovateurs (see also mubtadiʿūn)
588
innovation (see also bidʿa)
9
34
51
52
105
116
152
199
210
256
271
312
487
499
609
615
inşaat (see also composition, inshāʿ, munşiat)
252
253
insān, insāniyya (see also humanité, philanthropie, humanitarisme)
32
356
359
360
370
453
492
inshāʾ (see also composition, inşaat)
132
352
387
542
instituteur
285
institution, institutionnalisation, institutionnaliser
53
66
86
113
147
148
157
185
197
236
238
248
263
312
318
385
386
389
402
419
422
441
442
490
553
556
570
574
579
588
593
596
608
614
617
638
642
instruction, instruit, instructive, instruire (see also taʿlīm, école, enseignement)
25
54
55
57
107
117
118
154
178
217
239
262
268
273
281
292
298
299
303
307
320
391
393
404
407
416
instruction, instruit, instructive (cont.)
428, 443, 452, 456, 494, 498, 565, 574, 606, 616, 627
insulte, insulté, insulter
2
322
368
418
419
591
593
614
insurrection
20
26
intellect
68
364
intellectuals, intellectuels
26
95
133
135
151
152
186
229
241
300
302
312
317
335
336
361
363
378
440
483
intelligence, intelligent
253
256
366
427
542
572
intelligentsia
229
233
234
237
238
240
241
245
248
intercession
56
interdiction, interdire, interdit
397
398
474
482
495
590
597
600
608
613
intériorisation
19
356
394
402
615
intériorisation des normes sociales
356
intériorisation des règles
394
402
interiority (see also bāṭin)
97
internet, net, internaute
1
32
36
254
548
567
600
601
607
612
620
628
630
635
638
644
intimacy, intimate, intime, intimité (see also privacy)
2
16
204
298
350
424
471
introspection (see also examen de conscience, murāqabat al-nafs)
16
56
352
394
395
inutile, inutilité
193
287
292
302
606
invention, inventeur, inventor
27
97
139
156
157
207
290
304
350
377
420
428
430
528
541
615
643
invitation, invité, inviter
54
77
203
216
221
252
254
261
274
294
299
387
394
396
397
412
455
465
470
476
506
570
613
invocation (see also dhikr, remembrance)
104
iqtibās (see also adaptation, emprunt)
7
410
iqtiṣād (see also moderation)
51
52
irshād (see also direction, guider)
75
293
415
īshān
537
543
iṣlāḥ pl. iṣlāḥāt (see also reform, réforme, tajdīd, tanzimat)
1
9
10
21
22
26
27
69
152
282
289
Islamic State (Daesh)
35
78
84
621
isnād, pl. asānīd (see also chaînes de transmetteurs d’un texte)
517
isolement (see also infirād)
375
377
istiʿnāb (see also substitution)
104
istiḥsān (see also judicial)
112
iṣṭilāḥ, iṣṭilāhāt (see also technical termes, technique, term)
136
144
151
153
al-iʿtimād ʿalā nafsi-hi (see also compter sur soi, self-help)
291
Italian (s), Italiens
35
171
172
175
179
182
295
312
376
427
iʿtiqād (see also belief, creed, croyance)
52
53
111
jadhba (see also attraction)
71
jadīd (see also ḥadātha, modernité)
1
10
jāgīrdār (see also landowner, zamīndār)
233
Jāhiliyya
422
jalousie
469
jarāthīm (see also microbes)
493
jardin
378
607
608
javanmardi (see also futuwwa, muruwwa)
6
jésuite, Jésuites, Jesuits
384
402
jeu, jeux (see also jouer, joueur)
260
268
274
393
397
398
467
477
609
611
jeûne (see also fasting, ṣawm, ṣiyām)
300
jeune, jeunesse (see also young, youth)
264
265
266
268
282
286
287
288
289
294
295
297
298
303
304
305
350
354
356
361
362
372
375
377
385
387
389
391
393
396
398
464
465
467
470
472
476
477
485
492
592
597
599
601
Jeunes-Turcs
293
509
511
Jews (see also judaism, juif)
5
10
14
26
399
jihād, jihadism, jihādiste (see also djihad)
20
496
497
562
597
621
636
637
638
640
jizya (see also non-musulmans, non-Muslisms, tax)
68
83
84
joie, joyeux
259
364
393
jouer, joueur (see also games, jeu)
269
274
295
296
397
398
473
477
journal, journaux, journaliste, journalist (see also newspapers, ṣiḥāfī)
3
14
15
18
26
36
95
181
232
236
238
246
264
266
273
281
283
285
287
289
293
299
304
306
313
352
360
384
385
406
409
410
414
415
417
421
437
446
489
507
572
573
590
591
593
594
600
612
journal intime
350
judaism, judaïsme, juif, Juifs (see also Jews)
20
363
385
Judgement, Judgement Day, Jugement dernier
56
45
609
judicial
2
25
66
99
112
118
juge, jugé, jugement, judgement, judge
66
68
105
110
116
184
222
237
256
272
274
287
301
302
306
350
361
368
376
398
452
454
455
471
472
483
486
487
505
506
510
512
519
560
568
588
589
590
634
643
jurisprudence, juriste, jurist, juristic, juridical (see also fiqh)
24
49
54
63
71
72
80
83
86
87
94
96
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
115
116
117
118
137
143
156
312
374
623
639
juridiction, juridique
589
604
juridique, juridico-religieux
481
487
587
596
598
599
603
604
606
610
612
justice (see also ʿadl, ʿadālat)
76
79
80
81
82
87
234
291
353
358
560
421
451
557
587
616
kāfir (see also mécréant)
80
81
83
84
423
482
kalām (see also raison, theology, word)
516
kasb (see also earning)
109
112
118
120
387
kātib, kâtip, pl. kuttāb (see also clerk, secrétaire, secretary, romancier, qāṣṣ, riwāʾī)
24
95
125
127
132
133
134
139
140
159
322
350
380
414
khabar pl. akhbār (see also anecdote, narrative, récit)
69
70
73
84
85
129
130
187
283
406
431
493
559
582
khālidī, Khālidiyya
485
khalīfa (see also califat, caliph)
85
khalwa, pl. khalāwī (see also school)
437
Khalwatiyya (see also confrérie, ṭarīqa, brotherhood)
105
512
520
khānqāh (see also madrasa)
72
533
khāṣṣa (see also gens de pouvoir, occidentalisés)
285
286
288
299
306
330
339
355
620
khatm pl. khatmāt
94
khawāga, khwāja, khwajāgān
283
318
529
khedive, khédive
13
16
19
176
193
194
195
198
210
212
213
219
222
270
286
353
407
408
416
423
506
khoja
236
238
khulq/khuluq pl. akhlāq (see also adab, andarz, caractère, character, éthique, farhang, mœurs, morale, vertu)
5
95
112
289
422
436
445
446
452
488
491
630
ʿilm al-akhlāq (see also ethics)
112
436
445
446
488
491
khurāfāt (see also superstition)
17
415
426
king, kingship (see also malik)
64
65
68
79
81
87
204
conduct of the Kings (see also adab, malik)
184
kitāb, kitāba (see also livre, book, writing)
73
74
109
knife, knives (see also couteau)
16
200
205
206
213
215
217
218
221
316
319
knowledge (see also ʿilm, maʿrifa, savoir, science)
4
11
19
22
25
31
36
38
52
53
56
60
70
71
72
75
79
95
96
99
108
110
113
118
119
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
173
174
175
182
221
229
231
233
234
237
239
248
315
319
320
332
333
334
337
410
411
415
447
483
529
538
564
565
566
568
574
621
622
631
632
634
635
636
643
divine knowledge
231
empirical knowledge (see also idrāka)
148
historical knowledge (see also ʿilm, taʿrīkhiyya)
156
human knowledge (see also maʿrifa ; al-maʿārif al-bashariyya)
130
134
148
knowledge system
136
people of knowledge (see also ʿilm : ahl al-ʿilm)
110
sufi knowledge (see also ʿilm, taṣawwuf)
240
transmitted knowledge (see also riwāya)
95
Western scientific knowledge
150
kufr, kāfir (see also disbelief, infidelity)
80
83
238
kul (see also esclaves gouvernementaux)
266
Kurdish
34
kuttāb (see also école, school)
127
414
laïc, laïcité, laïque (see also sécularisation, anticléricalisme)
254
363
391
397
400
416
522
landowner (see also jāgīrdār, zamīndār)
213
233
415
langue, langage, language
2
7
10
26
33
34
83
127
134
137
138
152
153
156
172
173
175
180
209
230
232
251
253
256
261
262
264
265
268
281
302
304
305
307
312
317
318
330
332
341
352
365
367
384
411
447
463
465
483
492
563
566
568
576
631
Arabic language, langue arabe
124
133
142
143
147
150
154
175
176
180
195
285
296
304
307
420
424
439
443
481
504
567
571
English language
445
foreign language(s), langue(s) étrangère(s)
217
287
307
320
352
353
365
366
415
600
629
European languages, langues européennes
184
261
307
385
foul language
629
French language, langue française
211
261
264
333
Italian language
177
langage grossier
286
287
language reform
152
langue littéraire (see also fuṣḥā)
305
langue maternelle
262
new languages
638
639
Oriental languages
332
Persian language
234
Turkish language
527
Uzbek language
532
548
Yoruba language
560
larmes (see also tears)
305
349
353
355
357
359
373
377
379
latin, latinised
latin alphabet
528
auteurs latins
390
latin script
575
missionnaires latins
392
399
400
rite latin
394
398
399
law (see also legal, legalistic, loi, nāmūs, qanūn, sharīʿa)
33
57
60
79
119
133
157
174
237
333
444
541
civil laws
156
commercial laws
156
Islamic law
24
31
63
69
79
82
83
87
108
111
142
410
429
533
laws of causality (al-nawāmis al-sababiyya, see also nāmūs)
184
laws of civilisation
428
moral law
30
31
33
35
421
425
natural laws
156
positive law (see also ḥukm : aḥkām)
143
341
principles of law
137
private law
67
school(s) of law
101
106
108
114
116
118
632
universal law
67
lawful, lawfulness, unlawfulness (see also licite)
57
59
82
83
lawless
533
lawyer (see also avocat)
15
186
237
423
lazy, laziness (see also kasal)
315
324
326
328
329
342
407
418
learning
12
142
143
154
237
248
319
320
326
332
342
408
412
417
444
452
528
534
553
557
559
564
566
569
571
574
577
581
639
642
lecture (see also reading)
245
304
305
307
313
352
364
365
377
379
388
390
497
498
594
lectures (see also lesson)
236
244
245
417
422
lecteur (see also lire, reading)
253
295
305
366
494
496
514
518
legacy (see also héritage, patrimoine, turāth)
5
30
49
50
57
58
78
86
87
146
186
235
541
548
Aristotelian legacy
186
Birgivī’s legacy
50
57
58
Nasirean legacy
86
87
national legacy
541
548
religious legacy
235
Sasanian legacy
78
spiritualist legacy
30
legal, légal
51
55
57
59
67
80
94
95
99
106
111
118
141
374
417
438
574
609
legal equality
84
legal qualification
94
legal reasoning
legal reform
184
legal theory
98
107
legislation
290
312
430
légitimité, legitimacy
149
220
260
335
441
447
535
546
593
595
598
601
leisure
410
449
leçon, lesson(s) (see also course, lectures)
203
254
328
342
349
412
414
420
421
428
452
455
565
French lessons
320
piano lessons
15
317
333
342
lettrés, hommes de lettres, man of letters (see also adīb, literate)
127
264
282
285
288
293
301
306
354
368
483
527
lettre(s), letter (see also maktūbāt)
73
77
127
136
153
155
175
181
182
185
252
253
257
259
265
268
274
296
320
337
351
378
483
486
527
566
575
lettres de créances (see also itimatname)
257
261
lexical
146
150
152
178
242
lexicographer, lexicographical, lexicography
4
34
150
154
240
lexicon
28
144
145
151
153
179
180
240
242
625
liaisons adultérines (see also plaisirs interdits, faḥshāʾ)
297
libéral, libéralisme
282
304
357
360
400
430
liberté (see also freedom, libre)
257
360
370
380
589
601
612
liberté d’expression
298
liberté de parole
299
liberté sexuelle
370
library (-ies) (see also bibliothèque)
12
13
33
35
133
136
137
138
139
146
181
182
245
332
423
534
625
libre (see also liberté, freedom)
370
469
498
libre-penseur
377
licéité, licite (see also ḥalāl, ḥarām)
lineage (see also birādarī)
34
85
237
539
541
546
linguistic, linguistique
124
132
134
137
141
150
153
172
173
179
180
263
332
339
483
566
569
578
liqueur (see also alcool)
303
lire (see also lecture, reading)
268
287
296
510
520
literacy (see also illiterate)
261
414
542
literate pl. literati (see also adīb, lettré)
11
24
127
444
lithographie, lithography
13
384
littérature, literature (see also adab, belles-lettres, sahīta)
Arab literature, littérature arabe
6
21
23
281
286
302
306
353
366
386
505
513
English literature
7
European literature, littérature européenne
7
242
269
312
353
366
French literature, littérature française
7
333
362
417
littérature d’adab
491
littérature de classes moyennes
305
littérature de divertissement et d’évasion
354
littérature dévotionnelle
509
522
littérature édifiante
390
littérature nationale, national literature
10
307
littérature occidentale
379
littérature religieuse, religious literature
69
389
490
491
576
littérature romanesque
303
littérature sentimentale (see also adab al-wijdān)
357
361
littérature soufie, Sufi literature
25 484
popular literature
17
livre(s) (see also kitāb)
264
287
290
298
302
305
351
353
358
362
363
365
367
372
376
384
483
490
497
506
507
510
511
514
518
521
599
600
613
694
couverture du livre
511
livre de poche
264
éditer les livres
510
514
517
518
imprimer les livres
511
livre en français
302
livres imprimés
516
518
521
livre manuscrit
517
livres d’adab
352
365
livre(s) (see also kitāb) (cont.)
livres d’histoire
365
livres de piété
384
livres de vulgarisation savante
305
livres religieux
483
commerce/marché du livre
351
507
Salon du Livre (see also Book Fair)
613
longanimité (see also ḥilm)
292
logic, logique
24
55
135
143
144
149
174
333
489
578
légalist, légaliste, legalistic
54
73
76
87
488
623
loi (see also law, nāmūs, qanūn, sharīʿa)
368
377
385
487
589
591
594
604
loi civile (see also qānūn)
511
loi de la conscience
363
Loi fondamentale
597
loi islamique
495
499
loi morale (see also al-qanūn al-adabī, moral law)
425
489
loi naturelle
370
loi religieuse universelle (see also sharīʿa ʿāmma)
364
love (see also moḥabbat, maḥabbat)
7
8
13
37
70
243
314
328
329
333
339
342
370
400
422
430
455
624
627
633
639
643
lover
153
322
335
338
loyauté, loyalty pl. loyalties (see also istikamet)
198
258
293
340
445
448
449
452
455
509
553
lugha, lughawiyya (see also langue, language)
147
150
240
242
243
281
571
ādāb al-lugha
281
lunettes
302
luxe, luxury
193
202
209
252
285
322
315
madaniyya (see also civilisation, ḥaḍāra, tamaddun)
10
152
156
294
355
529
539
maddiyyūn (see also matérialistes)
300
madhhab (see also école, rite, hanbalite, shafïte, malékite, hanafisme, school)
106
112
114
115
267
560
634
madrasa (see also école, school)
64
72
106
132
133
142
144
145
152
237
416
419
420
424
528
531
532
536
538
572
maʿduba (see also banquet)
4
mafāsid (see also corruption, mal)
612
magic, magie
137
142
231
235
320
544
615
moḥabbat (see also amour, love)
243
maḥfil (see also salon)
542
544
546
mahr (see also douaire)
295
343
malfūẓat
543
māʿida pl. mawāʿid (see also banquet, table)
212
maison (see also house, appartement)
193
259
267
268
281
285
287
298
349
389
395
496
516
588
594
607
611
612
616
maison d’édition
483
485
maître, maîtresse de maison (see also rabb al-bayt, rabbat al-bayt)
267
268
298
maîtres d’école
390
maîtrise (see also control, discipline, enseignement)
260
268
281
297
356
386
390
392
395
400
468
471
474
617
majlis pl. majālis (see also meeting)
makārim al-akhlāq (see also mœurs, vertu)
maktūbāt (see also lettre)
73
74
76
77
544
malade, maladie (see also saqīm)
495
519
male, mâle (see also masculinity)
28
31
205
217
218
341
577
615
male adab
423
male court society
207
male elite
209
male guests
207
211
male readership
406
male relatives
214
male teacher
419
420
malheur, malheureux
349
350
369
371
373
375
malik pl. mulūk (see also king)
78
83
184
410
management (see also household)
34
80
84
137
157
412
manger (see also alimentation, eating, food)
378
609
manière
200
254
265
manière d’être
27
282
manières
251
256
267
473
475
bonnes manières (see also manners)
251
254
260
265
268
281
391
399
475
492
manières de table
391
manières vulgaires
286
sans manières
475
manners, good manners (see also manières)
4
20
25
28
30
55
95
230
238
239
247
312
318
326
330
332
337
341
406
417
542
544
546
624
626
table manners (see also adab al-akl)
16
193
222
320
411
423
542
manqūlāt (see also tradition, science)
72
manual, manuel (see also handbook, textbook)
29
31
33
126
263
264
305
341
408
421
425
427
420
421
488
492
625
632
adab manual for diplomats
manuals of/on adab manuels d’adab, 14, 20, 28, 254, 481, 484, 485, 490, 499
manual of adab for girlsʿschool
424
manuals of akhlāq
20
420
425
429
430
manuals on civility
17
34
manuals of etiquette
14
16
20
28
34
406
410
411
manual of literary adab
407
420
manuals of practical ethics
49
57
manual of table manners
195
manuels de bonne conduite
265
manuels d’éducation civique
496
manuels d’inşaat (see also composition)
253
manuels d’instruction civique et morale
391
manuels de savoir-vivre
294
303
395
manuels scolaires
384
manuscrit, manuscript
10
11
25
33
139
145
176
177
180
182
233
388
483
486
491
513
514
517
560
manzil (see also foyer, bayt, house, housekeeping, housewife, maison)
296
306
idārat al-manzil
415
tadbīr al-manzil
285
297
298
maqāma
184
350
maquillage
390
marchands (see also merchant)
267
286
351
market (see also souk)
54
95
115
146
531
533
534
555
575
577
638
642
maʿrifa pl. maʿārif (see also knowledge)
125
127
131
148
152
155
157
158
415
421
426
429
509
mari (see also husband)
268
270
mariage, marriage
147
208
216
217
236
294
297
298
303
304
314
322
323
372
377
399
410
411
424
425
439
492
marge, margin
33
140
505
515
516
martyr, martyre
350
372
373
389
392
621
marxist
244
masculin, masculine, masculinity
371
388
395
397
405
408
411
413
421
423
424
494
527
611
maṣlaḥa
102
massacre(s)
20
284
359
401
master (see also maître, professeur, shaykh, teacher)
5
14
33
79
96
105
153
237
239
327
329
343
406
421
440
537
568
569
574
576
625
634
sufi master (see also sajjāda nashīn)
12
33
231
529
534
538
545
masturbation (see also mauvaise habitude, ʿāda muḍirra)
297
625
626
maṭbūʿāt (see also imprimés)
291
614
material
151
152
422
451
material conditions
11
12
99
material profit
105
matérialism, materialist, matérialistes (see also maddiyyūn)
244
300
335
matériel
93
202
274
284
368
592
593
423
mathematical sciences (see also ʿadad, ʿilm : ʿilm al-ʿadad et al-ʿulūm al riyāḍiyya)
137
143
mathematics (see also ʿadad)
143
148
149
234
238
320
415
417
mauvais œil (see also superstition, khurāfāt, cheshm)
469
mawḍūʿ (see also fictionnel, mensonger)
131
350
meal (see also dish)
194
203
205
206
208
210
213
216
218
239
423
428
médecin, médecine, medicine (see also physician)
115
137
143
156
172
290
349
350
384
387
447
495
577
599
607
medical
124
143
174
184
297
417
495
media, médias
607
610
637
640
electronic media
643
modern media
410
new media
1
642
643
pre-print media
337
media, médias (cont.)
print media
321
meditation
76
247
meeting (see also encounters, majlis, rencontre)
72
81
105
176
204
221
235
239
317
319
419
423
597
mekteb-i osmânî (see also école, school)
263
mélancolie
369
mémoire, memory
36
297
334
455
528
538
544
548
collective memory
539
547
historical memory
555
563
memoirs, Mémoires
65
77
195
203
204
216
282
284
286
296
297
418
456
mensonge, mensonger, mentir (see also fictionnel, mawḍūʿ)
393
470
497
mensuel
599
merchant (see also marchand, trade)
207
228
245
314
454
mère (see also mother)
284
288
293
298
302
304
305
360
364
369
396
398
402
465
469
470
472
metaphysics, metaphysical, métaphysique
65
143
149
354
méthode, methodology (see also ṭarīqa)
133
352
493
514
521
601
609
métier (see also profession)
252
260
261
263
264
266
274
507
510
metric, metrics
567
578
meubles, mobilier (see also furniture)
202
476
chair(s)
200
205
206
214
341
423
428
454
chaise
296
474
fauteuil
367
lit
349
394
487
piano (see also musique)
15
31
268
296
317
320
333
335
338
342
415
migrants
527
531
542
545
547
553
570
571
580
migrations (see also immigration, migrants)
12
16
18
530
531
militaire, military
68
202
252
256
260
264
272
291
311
312
359
440
445
532
553
560
561
603
637
642
millat, milliye (see also communauté)
73
251
272
millenarian, millenarianism
67
68
75
564
mineralogy
149
172
mining
156
ministre, minister
204
257
270
271
291
440
443
595
603
612
613
ministère
271
604
mirror
318
641
mirrors for Princes (see also adab, conduct, king, malik)
4
8
63
65
66
171
186
451
539
misérable, misère (see also buʾs)
285
364
365
557
mission
80
147
148
196
219
282
300
397
521
588
589
591
595
598
601
604
608
civilising mission, mission civilisatrice
219
363
mission diplomatique
251
272
mission jésuite
66
384
386
388
mission protestante
384
406
missionary – ies, missionnaire(s)
11
26
28
73
228
236
290
374
384
402
439
537
631
632
635
406
410
437
554
570
631
639
642
mixité (see also ikhtilāṭ)
mixité confessionnelle
398
399
mixité sexuelle
396
591
594
599
608
611
613
mode (see also fashion, mūda)
202
288
333
mode de vie
256
283
301
302
476
modes occidentales
283
302
modèle, model (see also qudwa)
20
28
30
137
138
148
154
172
173
196
208
238
241
242
254
255
264
299
304
376
389
392
402
416
423
427
455
475
538
548
553
570
576
578
589
628
632
643
European model, modèle européen
23
267
341
412
489
French model
7
28
423
Istanbul model
408
modèle biblique
377
model of Jesus-Christ
399
Prophetic model
26
69
75
630
634
Turkish model
419
Victorian model
1
412
modération (see also iqtiṣād, iʿtidāl)
51
52
80
86
271
288
311
333
341
451
469
471
476
494
495
498
modern, moderne
culture arabe moderne
363
éducation moderne, modern education
238
370
385
405
éthique moderne
484
489
modern adab
15
modern civilisation, civilisation moderne
12
292
301
303
modern concepts
149
modern curricula
574
modern disciplines
333
modern etiquette
405
modern literature, littérature moderne
29
337
353
modern media
410
modern pedagogy
415
modern political thought
171
186
modern reader
109
modern sanctity
541
546
modern science, science moderne
149
499
modern society, société moderne
284
359
362
451
490
496
modern state
14
67
149
447
449
450
642
modern techniques
36
modern woman
21
pensée moderne
482
vie moderne
283
491
modernisation (see also ḫadātha, jadīd)
14
16
96
147
148
153
172
240
248
326
448
456
488
539
620
modernism, modernisme, moderniste
9
10
368
480
485
499
modernité
3
261
274
283
301
341
355
361
374
401
493
496
499
modernity
1
3
9
11
14
16
18
21
23
26
29
30
34
36
38
64
66
88
95
97
123
125
129
131
139
155
158
180
194
196
219
241
341
406
408
409
412
413
422
435
437
442
443
446
448
456
527
530
548
580
620
630
644
modeste, modestie, modesty (see also pudeur, ḥayāʾ, tawāḍuʿ)
28
327
340
393
406
408
428
448
449
468
547
mœurs (see also akhlāq, khuluq, mores)
251
288
289
293
295
299
304
306
356
375
386
396
405
407
426
464
475
482
489
490
587
593
608
civilisation des mœurs
260
387
moḥabbat (see also love)
243
monarch, monarque, monarchie, monarchy
63
65
68
76
80
82
84
87
257
377
425
436
438
539
590
591
593
598
601
monastery, – ies
172
323
338
mondain
252
283
monde
grand monde
266
monde diplomatique
265
269
274
usages du monde
268
valeurs de ce monde
368
money (see also argent)
25
98
114
315
325
339
413
monogamy
412
monothéisme, monotheist
554
588
montre (see also temps, clock)
302
moral, morale, (see also akhlāq, adabiyyan, khuluq, éthique)
Kantian moral law
31
moral character
28
399
moral code
78
405
moral institutions
642
moral law
30
31
33
35
421
425
moral sentences (see also fāʿida)
78
moral turn
2
27
38
425
620
639
morale anglo-saxonne victorienne
489
morale bourgeoise
15
296
301
371
morale de lʿâme (see also adab al-nafs)
367
morale de responsabilité
594
613
morale du corps (see also adab al-jawāriḥ)
367
morale laïque
400
morale publique
254
morale religieuse
368
morale sociale
300
moralised
623
639
642
643
moralising
7
31
338
431
635
moralité, morality (see also immoralité, immorality)
111
230
288
291
351
356
370
442
451
456
611
623
624
626
627
629
631
moralisation
356
623
moralisme, moraliste, moralist
23
31
105
118
282
284
286
295
303
304
306
307
386
505
628
mores (see also mœurs)
2
3
5
20
98
408
412
431
544
mort (see also death)
349
350
360
369
372
373
388
389
395
493
495
590
614
mortalité
493
mosquée, mosque
54
101
106
113
176
290
410
495
498
533
535
562
566
575
596
607
609
612
632
mother (see also mère)
28
31
157
214
217
238
314
315
327
328
330
339
407
408
413
414
419
421
426
429
muʾaddib (see also muʿallim, enseignant, murabbī)
115
492
muʿallim (see also enseignant, muʾaddib, murabbī)
109
110
147
492
muʿāmalāt (see also transactions sociales)
111
591
626
mübadele (see also échange mutuel)
255
257
mubtadiʿūn (see also innovateurs, bidʿa)
588
mūda (see also mode)
288
mughal (see also moghol)
6
24
63
88
230
245
muḥāḍarāt (see also entretiens)
129
364
muḥarrir pl. muḥarrirūn (see also éditeur)
177
muḥtasib
591
593
595
598
599
600
601
615
mujaddid (see also renewer)
67
69
mujtahid (see also ijtihād)
115
289
293
mujtamaʿ (see also société, madaniyyan)
293
munāẓara (see also conflits, controverse)
251
493
munkar (see also mal, reprehensible)
104
al-amr bi-l-maʿrūf wa-l-nahī ʿan al-munkar
586
590
591
594
595
601
münşeat (see also inshāʿ)
252
253
265
muqaddima (see also introduction)
100
109
112
136
185
murabbī (see also muʿallim, enseignant, muʾaddib)
492
murāqabat al-nafs (see also introspection, examen de conscience)
352
murīd (see also disciple)
85
516
518
634
murshid (see also guide)
300
533
535
536
538
544
546
622
muruwwa, mürüvvet, murūʿa (see also conduct, futuwwa, javanmardi)
6
112
113
326
327
muṣaḥḥiḥ pl. muṣaḥḥiḥūn (see also corrector)
177
513
519
521
music, musique (see also musicien, concert, piano, instruments)
149
156
211
215
296
311
312
320
374
375
410
417
639
musician, musicien
220
316
334
590
muslim, musulman
Muslim authors
5
24
38
139
405
407
Muslim community
80
98
104
118
235
552
554
558
562
Muslim hagiographer/hagiography
539
548
Muslim reformism, reformists
21
22
26
29
405
407
416
426
535
537
Muslim revivalism
69
85
non-Muslims
2
5
21
67
68
76
81
83
84
86
Muslim saints
527
529
533
540
542
544
Muslim Youths
430
Muslim woman/women
21
31
214
406
423
424
Muslim Brotherhood
27
430
530
534
578
626
628
630
mutaʿakhkhirūn (see also jurisprudence)
102
110
mutaʿallim (see also disciple)
491
492
mutafarnij (see also occidentalisation, tafarnuj, Westernised)
301
317
318
321
336
mutamaddin (see also civilisé)
28
283
301
mutaqaddimūn (see also jurisprudence)
102
109
112
313
mutāwiʿ pl. muṭāwiʿa
591
597
606
607
610
612
614
617
muʿtazilisme, muʿtazilite
489
499
muthaqqaf (see also intellectuel)
282
mystical
6
71
73
75
76
85
231
232
243
631
mysticism (see also soufisme, taṣawwuf)
97
98
143
247
mystique
221
357
369
374
491
510
610
613
myth, mythe, mythology, mythological
156
177
332
377
441
nafaqa
103
104
108
nafs (see also âme, self)
28
32
104
327
352
367
422
446
468
471
491
492
542
Nahḍa (see also awakening, renaissance)
3
9
21
22
26
96
123
152
158
171
173
281
292
319
321
351
366
375
380
386
504
521
522
naissance
467
482
490
nāmūs, nawāmīs (see also loi, law, qanūn, sharīʿa)
184
Naqshbandī, Naqshbandiyya (see also confrérie, ṭarīqa)
69
73
74
85
115
485
486
512
535
536
538
540
543
545
narrateur
269
350
377
380
narrative
3
7
9
18
25
27
109
118
124
130
183
242
313
323
324
335
339
556
562
563
nasab (see also généalogie)
33
304
508
nasīḥa pl. naṣāʾiḥ (see also advice, conseil)
49
56
68
78
108
184
493
594
612
630
natation (see also sibāḥa)
494
nation(s) (see also umma, waṭan)
171
177
180
256
292
294
300
321
323
330
332
356
357
360
363
372
379
414
417
419
422
436
448
491
492
496
627
637
639
Arab nation
334
nation building
456
nation orientale (umma sharqiyya)
360
nation-state
412
442
449
civilised nations, nations civilisées (umam mutamaddina)
10
16
428
430
nations européennes (umam al-ifranj)
362
national
31
35
152
193
203
218
321
406
407
415
427
548
580
596
600
604
607
caractère national, nationʿs character
306
330
365
construction nationale, national construction
301
430
costume national (elbise-i milliye)
272
coutumes nationales (adab-ı milliye)
251
272
droit national
497
élite nationale
307
fête nationale
273
identité, identification nationale, national identity
271
272
273
284
330
354
357
406
540
indépendance nationale
354
Indian National Congress
235
245
mariage national
304
national duty
407
national etiquette
203
national history
579
national insurrection
national literary heritage
35
national literature, littérature nationale
10
307
national sovereignty
441
442
Parti national
358
progrès national
299
uniforme national
273
unité nationale
360
valeur nationale
365
nationalisation, nationalising
311
313
330
nationalism, nationalisme, nationalist, nationaliste
10
12
16
17
20
21
27
31
291
358
363
379
406
407
417
421
422
429
430
436
438
441
511
554
nationality
22
215
natural (see also ṭabīʿa, fiṭra)
natural beauty
327
natural history
149
417
natural laws
156
natural memory
36
natural sentiment
370
natural state
5
natural sciences (see also ʿilm, ṭabīʿa)
130
137
148
149
156
417
nature, naturel (see also fiṭra, ṭabīʿa)
5
136
295
361
363
365
378
adab naturel
386
amour naturel
370
379
dispositions naturelles
369
loi naturelle, lois de la nature
295
370
371
nature de Dieu, nature divine
364
482
nature humaine, human nature
158
258
371
611
nature originelle
359
nature sociale
376
ordre naturel
395
passion naturelle
370
nature, naturel (see also fiṭra, ṭabīʿa) (cont.)
religion naturelle
363
376
retour à la nature
361
370
377
379
négociation
252
260
264
266
273
neighbour (see also voisin)
31
60
331
422
429
531
565
623
neologism(s)
10
34
151
153
180
neo-sufism
24
245
network(s)
35
124
142
145
146
450
546
548
574
578
621
638
643
newspaper (s)
13
14
29
157
195
212
238
248
312
321
322
324
329
410
428
572
642
nisba
508
niẓām (see also army, règlement)
178
423
591
597
608
noble, noblesse
259
265
288
323
482
490
508
noble
326
327
339
509
511
noble caractère
359
378
noble virtues, mœurs nobles
5
293
nobleman, noblewoman (see also sharīf)
203
205
208
211
nomade, nomadic
182
231
377
540
non-Muslims, non-musulman (see also zimmi)
2
5
21
68
76
83
84
86
307
608
norm, norms, norme (see also adab, règles)
1
3
5
15
20
29
33
37
60
63
66
69
79
87
108
110
113
115
118
147
194
199
219
220
281
282
298
304
353
356
389
391
395
399
408
409
473
475
476
489
527
529
533
539
543
570
622
624
631
634
635
639
642
normalisation, normaliser,
normatif, normative
19
37
78
86
87
230
251
294
337
338
368
387
389
390
401
542
543
586
621
635
636
nostalgie (see also shawq)
373
375
notable, notables (see also aʿyān, wajh)
193
211
212
213
219
220
285
286
287
305
391
589
609
note (music)
316
334
notes
25
140
261
337
352
364
452
505
513
516
518
572
footnote
140
nourrice (see also bonne, nurse)
293
297
nourriture (see also alimentation, food)
200
466
476
493
494
497
nouveauté (see also novelty)
256
294
398
518
nouvelle (see also short novel)
302
novel (see also riwāya, roman)
7
15
17
37
240
248
313
316
318
320
322
325
331
333
335
337
341
415
420
short novel
331
novelty
14
16
17
214
559
573
nudité
392
nurse
413
454
456
obedience, obéissance
87
100
103
106
202
251
385
392
395
400
447
449
455
510
594
606
obligation, 16, 81, 94, 100–104, 115, 271–272, 294, 424, 468, 471, 476, 589, 591, 608, 627, 634
obligatoire, obligatory (see also wājiba)
271
422
429
610
631
obscene, obscenity
16
286
420
Occidental
283
284
296
302
362
365
368
377
379
473
482
493
498
civilisation occidentale
355
costume occidental
594
culture occidentale
475
477
littérature occidentale
379
philosophie occidentale
357
occidentalisation (see also tafarnuj, westernisation)
14
252
260
263
283
301
occidentalisé
286
287
295
296
301
302
306
307
474
occupation(s)
27
102
103
239
320
394
577
British occupation
186
222
560
French occupation of Egypt
176
179
Soviet occupation of Afghanistan
533
535
œil, yeux
266
373
392
393
396
467
469
office(s)
324
352
398
399
558
560
562
605
British Colonial Office
437
Foreign Office
438
440
officers, army officers, British officers, officiers
176
204
206
211
212
233
259
349
official
British officials
439
441
442
government officials, State officials
11
14
205
206
211
213
272
409
442
452
official occasions
206
217
467
officiel
documents officiels
264
337
réceptions officielles
271
273
oisiveté
286
289
301
498
opéra
207
252
263
287
362
opinion
77
82
107
198
110
113
117
125
151
186
342
352
358
363
368
375
442
457
546
571
574
591
612
courant d’opinion
360
freedom of opinion
421
juridical opinions
100
112
legal opinions
110
literary opinions
182
opinion publique
600
opposition
57
238
285
315
355
363
365
375
407
423
429
456
468
oppression, opprimé, opprimer (see also humble)
80
81
351
359
605
order (see also ordre)
29
79
96
103
109
116
135
136
140
143
216
411
418
423
456
630
634
643
alphabetical order
136
138
140
145
146
173
civil order
152
patriarchal order
341
342
political order
172
religious, Sufi orders
457
561
social order
156
172
orderliness
194
ordonner, ordonné (see also rattaba)
253
285
393
395
ordre (see also order, désordre, disorder)
254
259
281
284
298
300
395
398
401
464
498
586
589
603
606
608
ordre naturel
396
ordre public
602
ordre royal
603
ordre social
356
359
367
395
401
402
ordre traditionnel
362
ordre universel
300
organisation
78
128
157
235
236
246
255
421
445
449
450
543
547
578
580
595
597
601
604
606
625
627
637
organisational, organisationnel
129
136
139
570
589
602
617
organiser
255
296
588
598
oriental
2
203
215
218
244
271
272
290
301
304
307
311
314
324
332
360
363
367
376
379
380
394
396
399
401
406
519
orientalist, orientaliste
26
27
34
35
138
177
182
251
263
301
416
428
537
original meaning
6
175
178
original texts, original works, œuvres originales, textes originaux
5
66
177
179
232
239
332
353
390
514
515
d’origine
262
283
285
287
291
353
366
465
469
472
484
485
originelle (constitution, fitra)
363
370
375
377
originels (récits)
350
353
369
origins
22
66
68
78
131
408
409
534
537
553
558
559
639
orthodox, orthodoxe, orthodoxie, orthodoxy
26
49
74
77
82
88
272
281
384
385
398
399
409
487
586
588
589
591
593
597
604
orthopraxie
586
588
589
591
593
604
Ottoman (see also Empire)
Ottoman author, auteur ottoman
253
321
326
Ottoman court
16
198
201
205
Ottoman diplomacy, diplomats, diplomates ottomans
16
34
255
257
258
260
262
266
330
332
337
341
Ottoman dynasty
217
Ottoman Egyptian elite
194
196
205
207
209
211
212
215
217
221
Ottoman elites
1
3
134
135
Ottoman reforms
9
10
Ottoman scholars
135
140
Ottoman Turkish, turc ottoman
133
483
178
195
197
201
263
264
320
321
ouléma (see also ʿālim, savant, scholar, ʿulamāʿ)
26
351
481
586
588
594
597
599
602
603
606
608
614
page(s)
3
94
139
140
177
352
357
410
412
448
454
484
498
591
600
Facebook pages
628
630
631
637
paideia
6
49
50
54
55
57
59
60
154
171
painting
156
333
410
428
paix, peace
6
255
258
339
496
palace, palais (see also castle)
82
140
194
197
201
210
214
217
229
pamphlet
236
358
504
519
631
632
642
panegyric, panégyriste
232
504
paper, papier
76
139
321
384
562
575
576
597
wallpaper
333
446
paradis, paradise
251
260
367
379
455
637
paragraph, paragraphe
10
106
108
271
326
pardon, pardonner
359
379
parent, parenté, parents
57
216
239
268
284
286
302
304
317
385
396
397
402
415
421
422
427
428
435
446
447
454
455
476
492
542
566
577
paresse (see also laziness)
286
393
parfum, parfumer
349
495
Parlement
259
353
497
passion
51
147
299
300
304
356
365
370
371
400
468
470
472
paternal, paternel, paternité (see also maternité)
238
375
442
path (see also tarīqa, voie)
2
18
28
72
73
75
115
118
152
231
341
531
534
539
556
632
635
636
pathetic, pathétique, pathos
338
339
354
357
373
patience
266
424
pâtisserie
466
476
patrie (see also fatherland, waṭan)
35
363
505
patrimoine (see also héritage, legacy, turāth)
387
496
507
512
patriotism, patriotisme (see also nationalism, patrie)
288
292
415
427
452
patron, patronage, patronised
66
71
172
175
178
185
217
236
286
530
558
pauvre, pauvreté (see also poor)
284
297
299
307
349
363
369
397
513
paysan, peasant, peasantry (see also fallāḥ)
12
15. 82
155
178
375
393
409
426
475
péché, pécheur
286
368
392
602
612
pédagogie, pédagogique, pedagogical, pedagogy
150
357
365
389
400
410
415
417
444
452
591
598
peindre, peinture (see also painting)
368
396
pèlerin, pèlerinage (see also ḥajj, pilgrim, pilgrimage)
377
467
471
476
512
590
591
600
602
604
605
614
pensée
264
361
365
367
373
481
484
485
487
489
492
498
courants de pensée
480
pensée islamique
363
380
507
pensée laïque
522
pensée moderne
482
pension, pensionnaire, pensionnat (see also school, élève)
390
391
401
402
père (see also father)
265
268
284
285
290
293
295
301
304
352
385
387
388
390
396
398
402
485
perfection, perfectionnement (see also tahḏīb al-aḫlāq)
65
80
149
151
173
288
289
365
376
377
515
périodique (see also journal, revue)
293
489
507
périodisation
9
25
123
131
persan, Persian (civilisation, language, langue)
2
6
8
19
21
24
27
34
63
65
67
68
70
73
77
127
134
138
143
145
146
173
232
234
237
239
242
243
247
261
320
333
416
451
463
469
473
477
483
488
490
527
529
534
536
538
540
542
546
548
640
persévérance (see also thabāt)
290
292
298
448
449
personal development (see also al-tanmiya al-dhātiya)
32
34
personality, personnalité, (see also character)
7
11
22
31
95
97
268
274
361
374
407
430
484
485
505
517
588
590
606
personnage (see also character)
270
302
304
305
350
351
355
358
371
373
374
506
508
512
606
607
peste
493
pétrole, petroleum
157
596
people
colonised people
440
441
common people
110
118
220
330
339
civilised, cultured, 219, 326
Europeanised people
327
native people
442
ordinary people
25
105
454
624
peoples
4
144
153
157
196
228
336
440
528
peuple
289
290
292
293
364
366
375
378
475
490
491
498
philanthropie, philanthropique (see also insāniyya, humanité, humanitarisme)
274
299
358
philologue, philologique, philologist, philological
151
154
371
513
529
philosophe, philosopher (see also sage)
35
64
143
157
177
361
374
376
422
423
426
444
451
philosophic, philosophical, philosophique
5
87
129
132
143
148
156
361
362
365
375
377
422
philosophie, philosophy, (see also falsafa, fann al-ḥikma, wisdom)
35
38
54
63
64
67
71
78
79
86
87
135
141
142
143
156
158
174
184
186
244
281
315
357
362
405
431
444
451
484
487
488
538
photographie, photography, photographier, photo
271
296
420
428
535
543
572
594
595
611
629
physician (see also médecine)
203
physiologie, physiology
156
372
physiognomony
137
421
physical, physique
157
241
295
297
370
371
386
387
401
414
418
444
448
449
494
516
586
591
624
physique, physics
157
241
414
418
444
448
449
624
physiology
156
372
pièces (récits, de théâtre)
353
387
389
390
396
397
567
piété, piety, (see also taqwā)
5
6
25
29
31
37
49
55
57
60
73
77
80
300
377
384
393
395
416
533
547
589
pietism, piétisme, pietist, pietistic
37
534
630
638
639
pieux, pious (mutadaniyyūn)
25
49
51
54
56
59
81
118
372
373
374
376
394
395
422
497
542
573
576
589
606
607
625
627
pieux ancêtres, pious forebears, pious predecessors (al-salaf al-ṣāliḥ)
497
610
625
632
pilgrim, pilgrimage (see also ḥajj, pèlerinage)
13
23
101
103
104
108
531
540
573
576
578
pīr (see also maître, master, sajjāda nashīn, shaykh)
247
539
pitié, pity
329
338
359
361
370
378
plaisir
268
286
297
365
379
494
poem, poème
29
37
311
341
359
373
498
508
510
512
513
515
519
556
558
566
567
569
575
631
poésie (see also poetry, shiʿr)
305
354
357
359
360
361
364
367
368
373
374
375
286
488
504
515
521
poet, poète, 4, 8, 21, 70, 145, 239, 241–242, 333, 338, 371–372, 377–378, 408, 415, 498, 504, 511, 513, 538, 545, 556, 559, 575
poétesse
305
371
poetry (see also poésie, shʿir)
1
7
29
30
37
132
142
149
150
156
234
239
242
246
247
248
329
333
338
420
536
538
542
555
558
568
575
576
polémique, polémiste
5
351
355
357
359
363
370
386
518
519
520
522
police, policier
587
607
614
616
policed, policé
20
377
470
472
474
politesse, politeness (see also adab, bienséance, bonne éducation, civilité, civility, étiquette, savoir parler, savoir-vivre, taʿāruf)
199
251
253
258
259
265
267
290
377
387
396
425
431
463
464
466
468
471
472
474
475
politique, policy, politics (see also siyāsa)
1
77
118
137
171
172
176
245
260
261
263
266
273
291
294
298
324
352
355
357
358
360
361
364
368
375
377
398
401
429
439
467
499
504
505
509
513
520
572
586
587
592
617
637
polygamie
298
polysemy
3
4
88
32
178
179
ponctuel, ponctualité
298
397
poor (see also pauvre)
29
98
242
330
339
413
419
populaire, popular (see also peuple)
12
13
17
21
24
29
49
50
57
64
86
94
118
241
286
337
340
359
369
372
373
379
416
488
533
537
557
575
576
populaire, popular (see also peuple) (cont.)
607–609, 614, 621, 624, 625, 628, 630, 636, 637
porc, pork
271
411
positivism, positivisme, positiviste
19
23
156
499
practical
practical arts (see also fann, ʿamal)
144
practical education, training
334
419
423
445
practical ethics
49
57
118
practical exercises
54
practical guide
625
practical recommandation
626
practical sciences
144
practical virtues
27
practice, practices (see also pratique)
15
49
51
58
59
64
67
72
94
96
105
108
110
113
115
118
126
127
132
134
148
156
172
174
199
210
214
219
235
320
412
423
441
530
537
539
548
622
627
632
court practices
195
211
table practices
196
209
religious practice
530
631
Sufi practice
554
563
564
pratique
conseils pratiques, guides pratiques
264
593
599
601
pratiques artistiques
274
pratique diplomatique
263
pratique des langues
251
261
pratique du chant
374
pratique du sport
494
pratique du taʿāruf
473
475
pratique éducative
472
pratique religieuse
394
588
pratiques (sociales)
256
260
274
287
294
296
303
305
376
476
587
pratiques soufies
494
prayer, praying (see also prière, ṣalāt)
58
80
101
103
104
110
115
311
428
556
560
561
563
564
566
577
626
630
précepte, precept (see also ḥukm)
75
251
254
355
267
589
592
594
601
604
608
613
preacher (see also prédicateur)
38
57
537
540
555
557
561
563
564
571
576
578
626
630
633
637
preaching
553
563
565
566
570
579
581
637
prêche (see also prédication)
600
612
prédestination (al-qaḍāʾ wa al-qadar)
602
615
prédicateur
283
587
588
605
606
prédication, predication
25
597
600
603
606
préface (see also taqrīẓ)
100
105
109
175
232
239
354
507
517
520
521
625
Première Guerre Mondiale (see also First World War)
362
397
Presbyterian
20
405
414
presse, press (see also journal, revue)
11
15
29
152
176
222
248
272
283
289
296
303
305
307
351
359
384
400
489
514
601
607
presses (see also imprimerie, print, printing press)
12
421
483
485
522
prêt-à-porter
594
597
608
prêtre, priest
66
176
213
228
256
372
374
388
394
400
535
prière (see also prayer)
394
495
509
513
517
520
522
589
594
604
606
610
613
614
prière collective (see also prière en groupe, ṣalāt al-jamāʿa)
609
610
prières sur le Prophète (see also ṣalāwāt)
495
509
510
511
513
515
522
prince, princier, princess (see also ḥākim)
12
65
75
84
85
178
182
196
197
208
238
260
267
268
323
417
421
455
558
594
601
611
613
Mirror for princes, miroirs des princes
4
8
63
65
66
171
186
451
539
princess, princesse
202
208
214
217
238
270
principe(s) (see also aṣl, root)
200
255
257
259
260
267
271
272
359
363
376
467
469
476
482
520
586
614
principle
30
31
67
82
101
129
130
136
137
139
141
157
158
175
176
243
326
337
340
412
426
632
principles of jurisprudence (see also aṣl, fiqh)
72
principles of law
137
print, printing, printing press (see also imprimerie)
1
9
15
25
33
94
100
107
117
138
139
144
146
155
156
171
172
177
178
184
195
238
240
246
248
312
315
321
337
340
406
408
410
416
421
425
426
429
508
517
553
555
565
570
573
575
580
634
635
642
prison
257
353
378
527
528
616
privé, privacy, private (see also intimité)
28
53
67
133
155
184
203
205
206
208
216
218
254
328
340
412
424
437
486
528
529
534
575
590
609
614
616
process, processus
2
6
16
17
20
21
22
29
37
42
50
56
59
60
72
76
87
96
97
115
132
172
205
209
217
222
228
229
232
233
234
402
419
437
447
643
civilising process, process of civilisation
1
17
20
36
38
89
97
199
347
642
editing process, processus d’édition
177
510
514
hagiographic process
527
529
539
545
548
process of adaptation
87
180
221
process of arabisation
19
439
process of codification
232
process of cultural appropriation
173
232
process of emancipation
339
process of Europeanisation
318
process of islamisation
19
36
439
process of modernisation, modernisation process
147
148
172
326
456
process of simplication
152
process of translating texts
175
redaction process, writing process
105
106
processus de civilisation (see also adab, civilising process)
19
199
219
processus de distinction
402
processus de centralisation
588
processus d’institutionnalisation
597
600
processus de wahhabisation
586
profane (see also sacré, sacred)
367
548
professeur, professor (see also enseignement, maître, master, teacher)
103
290
352
385
386
396
405
415
416
420
424
profession, professional, professionnel, 15, 27, 71, 75, 94–96, 99, 282, 363, 420, 445–446, 474, 534, 537, 570, 571, 592
professionalise, professionnalisation, professionnaliser
14
132
407
415
528
598
600
603
617
progrès, progress (see also taqaddum)
1
10
15
28
30
31
152
153
157
158
171
194
196
210
219
221
282
284
288
290
293
297
299
306
312
334
341
342
356
362
368
380
405
411
414
456
490
progressiste
306
307
351
prophet(s), prophète(s)
5
20
25
29
30
32
37
52
56
72
73
75
77
79
104
108
109
115
241
244
289
377
408
422
427
454
495
497
504
506
508
515
518
522
529
539
542
543
561
564
573
574
602
607
609
610
614
632
633
635
639
prophetic, prophétique
prophetic model, Prophetic examples, Prophetic exemplarity
20
69
73
423
prophetic morals
27
prophetic sciences
137
prophetic tradition (s)
5
71
143
577
622
624
625
630
631
634
propre, propreté (see also hygiène)
285
296
390
391
494
495
prose
132
141
178
305
307
350
355
357
361
364
366
542
556
560
576
prosodie, prosody (see also ʿarūḍ, rimes, vers)
137
232
387
prostitué(e), prostitute, prostitution
38
297
369
611
614
624
protectorates
20
457
527
552
protestant, protestantisme, protestantism
152
175
281
287
290
301
315
330
384
386
398
401
406
410
425
453
proverbs, proverbes (see also dicton, saying)
29
488
563
province, provincial, provinciaux
15
49
99
156
157
171
208
212
213
219
220
228
229
240
248
429
430
444
445
452
475
505
509
511
553
575
588
596
598
600
604
605
609
616
psychologie, psychological, psychologist, psychology
53
291
417
422
426
446
447
457
596
public, en public, in public (see also ʿalāniyya)
20
29
74
79
83
96
116
157
203
205
208
213
217
219
237
254
257
263
281
284
297
305
315
337
350
351
353
360
367
372
373
388
390
412
419
421
466
472
496
513
518
530
535
548
553
556
570
576
579
580
600
602
608
609
617
626
634
635
640
642
643
débat public
354
357
espace public, public space
256
274
406
409
413
428
586
598
602
605
608
610
612
public discourse
175
public intellectual
95
public interest
95
public writer
95
339
publisher (see also éditeur)
446
517
575
pudeur (see also ḥayāʾ, ḥishma)
303
369
370
388
389
392
476
477
punctuation
10
punir, punished, punishment
111
368
540
617
623
pur, pure, pureté, purity
33
53
111
246
293
304
341
349
350
369
370
372
470
475
494
purdah (see also veil, voile)
240
Puritan, puritanical, puritanism, puritanisme, puritain
3
8
31
37
38
145
301
431
488
499
qaḍāʿ, qadi
111
352
602
qadīm (see also tradition)
1
10
21
Qādirī, Qādiriyya (see also confrérie, ṭarīqa)
70
72
74
85
115
512
534
539
546
561
578
Qāḍīzādelī
58
qāfī (see also rimes)
387
qāmūs (see also dictionary, dictionnaire)
125
151
153
154
qanūn (see also loi, law, nāmūs, sharīʿa)
30
33
79
184
421
425
511
qaṣīda
353
373
522
567
qāṣṣ (see also romancier, riwāʾī, kātib, clerk, secrétaire)
350
qualité, quality pl. qualities
58
112
177
198
207
221
241
242
253
290
293
358
369
386
393
411
435
445
447
449
451
453
455
464
466
542
544
567
569
587
quartier
287
472
607
609
qudwa (see also model, modèle)
105
108
300
412
632
633
Qurʾān, Quran (see also Coran)
31
33
51
52
56
58
69
94
101
102
104
118
143
147
150
237
411
420
421
457
625
626
632
634
Qurʾānic
36
137
147
231
243
422
424
438
626
630
631
race, racisme, racist(e)
17
111
291
335
440
radio
32
578
594
600
608
642
raffinement, refinement (see also urbanitas, tahdhīb, ẓarf)
4
5
17
26
53
157
200
359
422
489
490
542
547
raḥma
360
364
railroad, railway (see also train)
12
236
453
563
raison (see also ʿaql)
300
357
361
371
378
464
468
469
482
489
507
raisonnable
288
304
ramadan
58
216
265
528
609
reason (see also ʿaql, reason)
10
23
67
115
157
422
542
reasonable
312
419
428
reasoning
juridical reasoning, legal reasoning, 22, 24, 102, 194, 107, 118
rational, rationnel
1
13
24
292
328
356
489
499
578
579
643
rational sciences (al-ʿulūm al-ʿaqliyya)
135
141
144
149
rational theology (see also kalām)
143
rationalisation, rationaliser, rationalising
67
235
240
241
359
rationalism, rationalist, rationaliste (see also être humain parlant, insān nāṭiq)
33
68
489
544
548
rationalité, rationality, irrationalité
10
144
358
499
reaction, réaction, reactionary, réactionnaire
1
22
72
99
111
116
183
322
368
392
475
565
572
622
reading, reader (see also lecture, lire, récitation)
11
17
25
36
93
98
99
105
108
118
124
133
137
143
157
181
183
184
217
237
239
245
321
333
410
414
415
417
420
423
428
508
625
639
rebelle, rébellion (see also revolt)
77
79
82
256
562
596
617
reception, réception (s)
18
33
57
58
116
129
136
171
174
176
181
183
197
206
208
212
266
270
271
273
411
534
recette, recipe
16
391
412
415
récit (see also anecdote, ḥikāya, narrative, riwāyāt)
256
257
261
350
353
359
364
368
369
372
373
376
378
380
387
506
513
récit autobiographique
514
récit de voyage, relation de voyage
274
292
298
recitation, récitation, réciter (see also dhikr, qirāʿa, reading, tilāwa)
7
94
99
101
107
108
110
114
117
118
423
565
to recite, réciter
94
108
112
334
373
495
557
626
reciter
106
108
114
563
recommandation (see also conseil)
267
294
296
298
387
récompense, recompense (see also thawāb)
94
103
104
114
368
recueil
353
373
505
506
508
510
511
513
517
519
522
rédacteur
353
507
599
reform, réforme, réformer (see also iṣlāḥ, Nahḍa, Renaissance)
1
9
10
14
16
21
24
26
38
63
69
71
74
97
98
143
152
172
229
241
283
311
312
352
358
359
426
436
443
489
498
499
504
506
507
515
553
556
572
577
579
581
597
620
622
624
631
636
educational reforms, reform of education
7
172
184
436
443
452
564
570
580
Egyptian reforms
9
legal reform
184
linguistic reform
152
military reforms, reform of the army
178
183
185
Ottoman reforms (tanzimāt)
9
10
13
Réforme catholique, Catholic Reform
13
17
26
37
Réforme protestante, Protestant Reform
13
17
37
391
réforme sociale, réformes sociales
292
301
secularist reforms
37
312
Sufi reform
71
636
638
réformateur, reformer
1
24
36
66
69
76
83
84
86
88
248
354
356
366
380
413
481
577
634
643
reformism, réformisme (see also iṣlāḥ, tajdīd, tanzimat)
11
13
16
17
21
22
26
27
29
30
32
38
50
144
293
341
351
353
360
427
485
487
488
504
555
573
575
580
reformist, réformiste
11
13
16
17
21
22
26
27
29
30
32
38
68
74
145
152
185
228
235
236
281
282
285
289
290
293
298
369
386
405
414
416
421
426
429
481
483
485
487
489
492
495
497
499
506
518
534
537
548
572
574
réfutation, réfuter (see also radd)
116
117
336
règle, règles (see also normes, rules)
193
251
257
259
260
271
377
387
389
391
392
394
397
399
402
464
466
468
473
473
481
490
492
498
règles de bienséance
396
399
402
464
règles de civilité
395
règles de conduite
257
règles de lʿécriture
253
règles de savoir-vivre
392
règles du commerce (adab al-tijāra)
497
règles pour le voyageur (ādāb al-musāfir)
496
règlement, réglementation (see also niẓām, normes, rules)
255
386
387
389
393
395
402
591
596
602
603
608
615
relation (s), relationship
1
8
14
19
21
25
28
33
36
37
71
74
76
84
86
95
98
102
103
114
124
127
133
194
198
200
253
254
258
266
267
295
303
328
341
343
354
356
362
371
372
395
397
409
418
419
421
438
449
470
487
492
499
505
508
510
512
516
538
547
556
566
574
577
578
599
623
624
634
642
social relations
8
57
199
relations sexuelles
371
424
religion
18
20
23
37
68
73
75
77
79
80
82
87
97
106
111
116
118
137
144
150
155
157
178
179
228
234
236
239
247
255
267
299
300
352
357
359
362
363
365
374
376
385
398
402
415
419
422
428
444
451
477
482
483
497
504
541
554
558
567
586
590
608
614
617
629
universal religion (see also dīn-i ilāhi)
235
245
religious sciences (see also sharīʿa, al-ʿulūm al-sharʿiyya)
70
133
137
145
renaissance (see also awakening, Enlightenment, Nahḍa)
3
9
21
22
123
134
152
171
292
589
rencontre, rencontrer (see also contact, encounter)
260
261
268
298
472
482
483
486
506
508
renewal, renewer (see also iṣlāḥ, mujaddid, réforme, tajdīd)
9
26
33
67
69
228
renouveau
254
521
repas, repast (see also meal)
193
200
203
205
206
208
302
390
391
464
466
474
494
repentance (see also tawba)
147
623
représentation, representation
196
198
241
245
247
260
269
272
274
301
317
594
597
605
614
représentation diplomatique
261
266
représentation théâtrale
396
397
self-representation, représentation de soi
199
221
282
556
640
répression, repression
11
402
528
531
534
547
602
614
615
republics, République
15
179
254
256
272
273
400
401
475
476
528
résistance
12
18
86
88
427
430
540
547
576
respect
230
239
252
254
265
301
321
398
419
421
424
445
465
486
558
559
574
577
587
self-respect
321
322
respectable, respected
320
356
416
557
respectabilité, respectability (see also ḥishma, iḥtirām)
37
388
responsability, responsabilité
107
298
321
374
421
506
555
594
613
620
623
630
636
642
643
restaurant
218
222
427
607
résumé
352
488
504
513
514
586
retraite, retreat (see also iʿtikāf, khalwa, solitude, ʿuzla)
101
194
326
369
375
437
542
réussite
252
287
290
356
368
rêve (see also dream)
512
520
revelation, révélation
75
115
147
469
470
489
627
revival, revivalism, revivalist (see also iḥyāʿ)
12
24
25
58
66
68
69
75
76
84
86
98
124
132
150
152
158
171
236
431
530
534
538
563
570
580
revolt, révolte (see also rébellion)
372
534
560
561
617
revolution, révolution
cultural revolution of
1927 528
539
540
Révolution française
391
1848 revolutions
340
1919 revolution
425
2011 revolution
35
65
637
Révolution iranienne
596
Révolution jeune-turque, révolution ottomane de
1908 293
302
304
508
511
révolutionnaire, revolutionary (-ies)
3
16
37
355
366
541
548
revue (see also journal, press)
281
284
285
287
289
293
296
298
307
362
363
387
498
514
599
rhetoric, rhetorical, rhétorique (see also ʿilm, science)
4
7
137
143
149
156
232
264
265
352
356
358
363
447
491
557
559
560
563
569
578
ribā (see also usure)
496
rich, riche, richesse (see also taraf, mutrafūn)
202
205
211
213
214
286
288
291
293
299
301
302
304
306
307
314
317
321
342
415
496
528
542
riḍāʿa (see also allaitement, breastfeeding)
297
Rifāʿī, Rifāʿiyya (see also confrérie, ṭarīqa)
508
509
512
riḥla
148
rimes (see also qāfī, verse, vers)
305
387
rire
464
469
473
rite (see also medhheb, school)
267
394
398
463
515
543
ritual(s), rituel, rites
25
53
59
97
100
101
103
107
108
210
231
243
300
535
539
544
609
614
630
riwāʾī (see also romancier)
350
riwāya pl. riwāyāt (see also récit, knowledge)
95
313
363
516
riyāḍa (see also discipline, sport)
491
494
robe (see also dress, vêtement)
428
536
543
632
roi (see also king)
258
376
590
592
595
595
605
611
612
615
roman, romanesque (see also kutub adabiyya, novel, qiṣaṣ, riwāya, rūmāniyyāt)
267
268
281
284
287
295
296
302
304
307
354
356
361
366
369
371
376
377
romancier (see also qāṣṣ, riwāʾī, kātib, clerk, secrétaire)
350
361
romanticism, romantique, romantisme
23
354
355
362
372
374
root (see also aṣl, principe)
5
10
29
95
136
145
147
152
153
178
186
370
554
557
620
621
642
644
rooted
24
32
33
98
116
132
145
244
334
423
429
451
565
569
rude, rudeness, rudesse
20
199
473
602
rue(s) (see also street)
287
297
298
587
608
rule
colonial rule
229
236
435
441
564
579
580
ruler (see also souverain)
24
63
65
66
68
81
84
86
157
172
183
197
200
206
207
210
218
221
237
436
529
556
557
559
562
566
574
575
579
rules (see also norms)
4
6
16
28
29
110
111
113
135
149
194
198
206
214
239
318
407
418
419
431
528
533
543
626
635
ruqyā (see also incantation, magie)
109
114
rural, rurality
12
15
16
21
29
233
285
390
391
397
401
409
414
424
431
443
446
463
527
530
531
540
542
547
Russian, russe, Russes
23
26
58
233
262
270
272
527
531
532
534
537
539
548
russification
543
sacré, sacred
21
240
413
507
52
530
53535
537
539
543
548
595
610
614
ṣadaqa (see also aumône)
496
sage, sagesse (see also philosophe, ḥikma, wisdom)
299
374
491
ṣaḥāba (see also Compagnon)
108
saint (see also holy man)
72
241
359
392
396
470
487
495
505
509
512
513
519
520
527
529
531
533
540
542
544
546
560
561
564
sainteté, sainthood
72
290
518
520
522
540
590
sajjāda nashīn (see also maître, master, pīr shaykh)
231
sakhāʿ (see also générosité)
292
salaf, salafī, salafism, salafisme, salafiste, salafiyya
11
26
27
31
33
35
37
38
363
482
499
514
529
541
578
595
621
624
626
630
632
633
638
ṣalāt al-jamāʿa (see also prière collective, prière en groupe)
103
104
522
610
ṣalāwāt (see also prières sur le Prophète)
510
511
517
519
522
salon (see also ameublement, appartement)
252
267
272
294
296
406
408
411
413
528
544
salut, saluer, salutation, salute, saluting
204
267
289
411
466
476
495
salut, salvation
593
599
609
611
samāʿ (see also concert spirituel)
374
534
sang (see also blood)
377
493
494
santé (see also health)
287
294
297
390
466
493
494
Sassanids, sasanian
4
78
81
548
satire, satirique
312
319
532
sauvage, sauvagerie (see also barbarie, adabsiz, ʿalil al-adab, bi-adab, bi-taʿārof, savagery)
300
360
375
392
savagery
36
450
savant (see also ʿālim, ouléma, scholar)
290
299
368
481
483
487
488
492
497
511
515
520
savoir (see also ʿilm, knowledge, maʿrifa, science)
252
261
283
291
savoir-vivre (see also adab, bienséance, bonne éducation, civilité, étiquette, politesse)
194
251
253
281
282
303
392
398
ṣawm (see also fasting, jeûne, ṣiyām)
101
103
saying (see also dicton, proverbe)
29
72
447
543
625
sādāt (see also ashrāf)
529
540
scholar (see also ākhūnd, ʿālim, ouléma, savant)
6
22
34
35
49
58
71
84
94
102
105
107
110
113
116
118
123
126
128
131
136
139
140
143
145
146
149
150
152
154
155
157
173
178
183
184
229
237
527
528
534
537
538
555
565
567
569
581
622
624
632
634
642
scholarship (Islamic, Muslim, Ottoman)
93
95
99
106
108
110
113
118
132
142
151
556
scholastic, scholasticism
143
144
237
538
622
623
625
631
635
school (see also école, education, kuttāb, madhhab, madrasa)
11
13
14
18
152
176
234
245
320
332
405
408
409
414
415
420
426
428
443
446
449
553
566
569
571
573
574
576
577
579
Arabic school, Arabic schooling
553
555
569
571
573
576
579
581
boarding school
537
boys’ school
420
429
437
448
elementary school
429
437
444
445
452
experimental school
445
girlsʿs school, school for girls
222
316
408
410
412
414
416
420
424
427
429
437
governmental school
437
439
intermediate school
444
445
452
military schools
172
missionary school
18
406
410
437
Muslim school
106
116
571
581
primary school
406
416
421
429
452
574
576
private school
424
437
public school
421
Qurʿanic school
36
437
438
school association
571
576
581
school of law
101
106
107
108
114
116
118
632
schooling
11
408
414
415
431
555
564
569
574
579
580
schoolteacher
420
421
430
560
secondary schools
429
439
444
446
453
578
state schools
14
176
196
217
222
408
414
421
429
Sunday schools
430
science, (see also fann, funūn, al-ʿilm)
123
167
172
174
282
292
300
320
341
350
385
405
416
422
444
494
507
559
astronomical sciences (see also al-ʿilm, haʿiyya)
137
chemical sciences (see also al-ʿilm : al-ʿulūm al-āliyya)
156
classification of sciences, science classification (see also division, al-ʿilm al-ʿulūm, taqsīm, taṣnīf)
129
133
136
137
150
division of sciences (see also classification, taqsīm, taṣnīf)
136
144
146
148
essential sciences (see also al-ʿilm : al-ʿulūm ḥaqīqiyya)
144
European science
124
184
334
410
exact sciences (see also al-ʿulūm al-ilmiyya)
137
geometrical sciences (see also geometry, ʿilm, al-ʿulūm al-handasiyya)
137
Islamic sciences
36
146
linguistic sciences (see also adab, ʿilm)
132
137
141
150
mathematical sciences (see also ʿadad, ʿilm al-ʿadad et al-ʿulūm al riyāḍiyya)
137
143
148
medical sciences, science médicale (see also médecine)
143
350
417
493
495
modern science(s), science moderne
149
150
156
174
499
natural sciences (see also ṭabīʿa, al-ʿulūm al-ṭabīʿiyya)
130
137
147
149
156
417
non-religious science
133
148
philosophical sciences (see also ḥikma, falsafa, philosophie)
148
156
political sciences, sciences politiques (see also siyāsa)
156
497
prophetic sciences
137
practical sciences (ʿamaliyya)
144
rational sciences (see also ʿaql, ʿilm, raison)
24
135
141
143
149
religious sciences, sciences religieuses
70
95
137
141
145
491
517
science of adab (ʿilm al-adab)
137
143
147
153
386
science de la rédaction (see also inshāʾ)
387
science of meaning
232
science of translation (see also tarjama)
151
scientific sciences (see also ʿilm : al-ʿulūm al-ʿilmiyya)
156
social sciences, human and social sciences
35
141
151
156
431
548
traditional sciences (see also manqūlāt)
72
transmitted sciences (see also ʿilm : al-ʿulūm al-naqliyya)
141
144
Western sciences
147
149
156
157
scientific, scientifique
12
125
134
135
148
151
153
158
171
184
289
316
332
362
426
442
482
489
493
498
499
611
612
scientism
30
416
scolaire (see also école, school)
283
292
299
384
386
397
402
593
600
603
612
scribe(s) (see also clerk, kātib, munshī)
205
252
322
534
562
587
sculpture
149
368
Second World War
19
435
440
444
530
533
535
secrétaire, secretary pl. secretaries (see also clerk, kātib)
4
127
157
257
264
271
451
604
sect, sectarian, sectarianism
6
21
26
37
67
236
238
248
638
non-sectarian
65
82
84
87
secular, secularism, (see also laïc)
13
20
21
23
30
37
55
67
80
87
132
149
150
155
156
186
201
341
407
411
630
sécularisé, secularised
10
31
32
38
95
283
416
421
427
431
455
456
48
secularism, sécularisme, séculariste
339
362
363
368
489
secularisation, sécularisation (see also anticléricalisme)
20
21
23
37
407
408
417
423
482
489
segregation, ségrégation
28
214
240
395
398
409
413
420
423
self (see also ego)
2
28
49
51
57
60
73
95
321
self-affirmation
3
16
self-confidence, self-reliance
336
445
449
451
453
639
self-consciousness
339
561
626
642
643
self-constraint, self-control
19
448
624
self-definition
27
self-discipline
6
624
self-examination
56
self-government, self determination
440
442
self-help
289
290
291
400
401
407
429
492
625
self-improvement
31
630
self-representation
556
640
self-sacrifice
425
427
455
sensibilité, sensibility, sensiblerie (see also ḥassa)
97
295
329
369
374
393
sentences (see also ḥikam, proverbes)
78
109
298
492
511
sentiment (see also emotions, emotionalism, feeling)
257
258
291
304
305
317
339
349
350
355
357
360
361
365
401
419
472
477
492
sentimentaliste, sentimentalisme
339
355
370
378
sermon, sermonnaire, sermonner
7
283
293
303
569
600
servant, serviteur
115
252
258
330
333
342
377
413
416
419
428
454
455
492
civil servant, state servant
13
14
21
81
204
207
208
213
219
410
436
451
456
sewing
320
342
415
sex, sexe, sexual, sexuel, sexualité, sexuality
16
28
37
297
328
342
364
369
371
395
398
405
409
411
413
416
418
420
424
611
612
623
624
626
Shādhiliyya (see also confrérie, ṭarīqa)
32
512
515
517
522
622
Shafiʿi, shafiite (see also madhhab)100, 107, 112, 116, 632, 639
shamāʾil (see also vertus prophétiques)
510
sharʿ
72
429
511
sharīʿa, sharʿiyya (see also loi, law, nāmūs, qanūn)
22
33
51
67
69
72
73
75
77
79
82
85
93
98
105
110
113
115
118
184
243
363
364
368
377
390
491
sharīʿa, sharʿiyya (cont.)
587, 591–592, 594, 597, 606, 610, 613, 616, 634, 643
sharīf, pl. ashrāf
15
508
509
511
529
571
Sharifian, sharifisme
100
508
572
shawka (see also fork, fourchette)
295
shia, shīʿa, Shiite
118
236
238
239
248
508
596
531
541
605
614
shiʿr (see also poésie)
357
368
375
430
shrine (see also tomb)
231
426
429
ṣidq (see also droiture, franchise, sincérité, vérité)
292
298
299
329
ṣiḥḥa (see also health, santé)
287
294
296
415
513
sikh, sikhism
233
236
247
silence
12
246
428
495
542
silk
211
318
319
422
543
547
577
silsila (see also cycle romanesque)
70
85
305
simple, simplicité, simplicity
365
369
378
413
417
424
428
450
475
476
simplification (see also tashīl)
2
30
64
142
144
155
631
633
635
ṣināʿa, ṣanāʿiʿ (see also craft, making, technique)
96
148
sincérité, sincerity (see also ṣidq)
329
355
367
448
449
466
467
471
473
476
ṣinf, aṣnāf al-ʿulūm
140
142 (see also category
scie
singer, singing (see also chant, chanteurs, chanteuses, song)
320
410
415
416
563
sister (see also sœur)
30
217
322
328
343
406
419
427
429
ṣiyām (see also fasting, jeûne, ṣawm)
104
siyāsa, siyāsiyya (see also politique)
87
156
358
slave, slavery (see also esclavage, esclave)
216
217
315
327
328
339
343
413
439
623
snobisme, snob, snobbish
283
286
302
322
sobriété, sobriety
296
476
543
sociabilité, sociability (see also uns)
4
180
194
196
199
201
207
209
211
212
216
222
251
265
299
375
376
410
464
471
476
477
528
533
535
541
546
socialiste
362
528
société, society (societies)
252
254
256
267
282
284
286
291
294
299
300
303
306
social distinction
15
200
social sciences
35
156
548
sociologie, sociology, (see also al-falsafa al-ijtimāʿiyya)
35
229
281
285
286
289
293
392
407
426
431
sociologist
3
18
229
426
437
sœur (see also sister)
268
304
359
397
470
soirée
204
210
271
316
397
412
soldat, soldier (see also asker)
79
133
204
322
441
456
590
599
637
solitude (see also retraite, tristesse, ʿuzla , waḥsha)
270
375
376
song (see also chant, singer)
7
129
427
563
568
souffrance
378
393
soufisme, soufi (see also mysticism, sufism, taṣawwuf)
374
376
485
488
499
504
506
508
509
512
51
518
520
586
souk (see also bazar, marché)
351
607
soul (see also âme, nafs)
26
28
32
51
60
94
104
106
108
114
247
338
418
422
428
542
637
souverain, souveraineté sovereign, sovereignty (see also ruler)
147
176
178
180
193
252
253
257
258
260
271
274
293
374
438
442
590
612
spectacle
206
208
213
214
590
speech, speeches (see also discours)
15
198
199
221
410
411
413
425
449
568
spiritisme
300
spiritual, spirituel
6
49
54
60
67
68
85
114
115
231
235
244
373
374
386
389
437
448
451
468
485
491
492
504
505
508
510
519
520
522
533
542
544
547
553
555
561
563
565
568
570
574
623
624
Muslim spiritual Assembly
532
Muslim spiritual Board
534
536
547
spiritualité, spirituality (see also esprit)
5
6
23
229
239
244
248
367
504
513
521
spiritualisation, spiritualisme, spiritualiste
30
37
300
363
364
499
sport (see also riyāḍa)
17
294
296
418
443
445
494
495
632
stagnation (see also jumūd, sclérose)
147
152
546
state (see also dawla)
2
11
13
16
19
21
59
68
79
80
83
99
100
106
110
113
134
178
181
183
212
219
312
315
538
540
547
552
colonial state
436
579
early modern states
67
Islamic state
35
78
84
621
Mahdist state
438
453
modern state(s)
14
149
447
449
642
nation-state
412
442
449
princely state
237
state administration
312
state ceremonies, state balls
197
210
state control
528
643
State Council
208
state politics
9
state schools
14
196
222
408
414
421
429
state service, state servants
13
203
204
206
207
212
213
219
state terror
527
statesman, statesmen
114
145
155
405
440
steamboat, steam locomotive, steam navigation (see also navigation à vapeur, railroad, train)
1
9
13
213
318
417
453
street (see also rue)
81
317
409
419
426
428
student (see also étudiant, mutaʿallim)
5
13
14
100
142
143
147
172
185
196
405
407
420
423
426
427
444
446
457
537
557
559
564
566
569
574
576
578
627
638
subjectivité, subjectivity, subjectif, subjective
95
97
124
153
184
378
606
sufism, sufi (see also mysticism, soufisme, taṣawwuf)
4
6
11
14
24
26
28
31
33
38
54
61
63
65
66
68
73
75
77
84
86
88
98
105
115
118
230
231
234
239
248
410
437
457
527
529
531
533
535
537
539
542
544
547
548
554
563
565
570
572
578
580
620
622
623
631
634
636
638
639
643
sufūr
407
419
420
431
ṣuḥba (see also compagnie fraternelle)
492
542
suicide
17
61
349
350
562
sukr
72
85
sultan, sulṭān
24
59
63
65
70
77
83
86
205
217
251
255
270
304
340
371
374
400
510
511
535
572
sultanate (see also sefaretname)
74
78
80
83
457
sulūk (see also mysticism)
243
410
Sunna (see also tradition)
5
29
32
33
51
52
73
75
376
423
542
632
633
sunnite, sunnī
305
399
488
504
518
605
609
614
surveillance, surveiller
391
400
symbol, symbole, symbolique, symbolic
51
195
198
200
204
221
231
237
271
273
274
323
340
411
412
416
438
455
516
539
540
569
586
592
597
605
607
608
610
613
615
syntax
137
143
177
178
Syrian(s)
16
157
281
287
290
301
313
385
399
400
406
407
409
410
413
414
421
424
571
574
578
système, system, systematisation
29
55
82
125
139
144
146
150
158
179
207
239
252
274
359
362
441
488
493
527
548
587
589
605
611
614
617
621
classification system
12
13
136
138
141
142
148
colonial system
441
education system, educational system
26
172
184
185
291
312
Islamic system
149
judicial system
2
knowledge system
125
136
147
150
634
636
madrasa system
132
133
142
144
145
152
537
school system, système scolaire
597
603
teaching system
7
value system, système de valeur
243
248
292
340
532
taʿakhkhur
21
taʿāruf
463
478
taʿaṣṣub (see also fanatisme)
299
tabac, tobacco
59
204
303
494
591
599
ṭabaqa pl. ṭabaqāt (see also class)
147
ṭabaqa pl. ṭabaqāt (see also class) (cont.)
al-ṭabaqa al-dunyā (see also classe inférieure)
286
al-ṭabaqa al-ʿulyā (see also classe supérieure)
285
al-ṭabaqa al-wusṭā (see also middle class, classe moyenne)
284
287
638
ṭabīʿa, ṭabīʿiyya (see also constitution physique, nature)
370
386
al-ʿulūm al-ṭabīʿiyya, natural sciences (see also nature, science)
137
148
156
table, table manners
16
193
196
199
205
207
209
212
222
254
267
300
320
387
391
397
411
423
542
table des matières, table of contents
10
140
254
305
tadbīr al-manzil
285
296
298
412
415
tadhkira (see also biographical dictionary)
69
85
86
tafarnuj (see also européanisation, occidentalisation)
301
304
312
313
323
326
tafsīr
52
333
558
573
577
tahdhīb (see also polissage, raffinement)
5
560
tahdhīb al-akhlāq (see also character, raffinement, tarbiya)
5
32
53
288
289
359
365
422
429
489
490
tahdhīb al-insān li-nafsihi
17
tahdhīb al-nafs
32
422
tahlīl
94
99
105
116
tajdīd (see also iṣlāḥ, réforme, renewal, tanzimat)
9
19
68
69
75
152
takfīr (see also anathème, kāfir)
482
takhalluq 5, 623
taʿlīm (see also enseignement, instruction, teaching, training)
101
110
145
288
289
299
491
543
talisman, talismanic (see also magic, magie)
58
137
426
614
tamaddun, mutamaddin (see also civilisation, politique, madaniyat)
10
16
21
28
50
152
153
171
281
283
301
319
356
376
377
410
426
428
al-tanmiya (see also développement personnel)
32
637
tanbīhāt (see also notes)
154
518
519
tanwīr al-afkār (see also Enlightenment, Aufklärung)
17
365
tanzimat (see also iṣlāḥ, tajdīd, réforme)
9
13
taqaddum (see also progrès)
152
171
285
291
416
taqlīd, taqālīd (see also ʿādāt, tradition, imitation)
21
481
487
629
632
taqrīẓ pl. taqārīẓ (see also préface, éloge, eulogy, praise)
100
116
291
517
taqsīm pl. taqāsīm (see also classification, division, taṣnīf)
136
140
144
148
taqwā (see also piété)
5
6
37
51
53
80
tarbiya (see also cultivation, éducation)
5
288
289
291
406
416
418
421
423
425
426
429
452
490
491
tārīkh, taʿrīkhiyya, tawārīkh (see also histoire, littérature)
74
134
146
176
185
232
289
452
tarbouche (see also vêtement, chapeau)
296
302
411
ṭarīqa (see also manière, path, voie, way, confrérie, hāshimiyya, idrīsiyya, khalwatiyya, naqshbandiyya, qādiriyya, rifāʿiyya, shādhiliyya, tijāniyya)
52
75
115
216
352
485
512
515
517
519
520
522
561
622
636
643
tarjama (see also traduction, translation)
151
350
tartīb
387
390
395
tartīb al-ḥurūf (see also abjad, alphabet : alphabetical order)
146
tartīb al-ʿulūm
25
131
141
142
taṣawwuf (see also mysticism, soufisme)
65
76
97
98
230
240
247
623
taṣfiyat al-ḥisāb (see also examen de conscience)
352
taṣnīf (see also classification, division, taqsīm)
140
tawāḍuʿ (see also modesty)
327
tawaḥḥush (see also vie solitaire)
376
tawba (see also repentance)
147
359
623
639
tax, taxes, taxation (see also jizya)
19
52
57
68
79
82
84
104
234
557
560
565
teacher (see also hoca, maître, professeur)
14
56
100
103
110
116
147
176
232
246
322
328
333
335
338
419
422
426
427
429
435
437
443
447
450
452
457
557
561
564
566
572
574
578
622
631
634
teaching (see also enseignement, taʽlīm)
5
7
33
36
72
73
76
102
108
110
112
113
117
124
146
149
234
238
333
408
444
445
533
534
537
566
572
573
578
638
history teaching
452
456
non-verbal teaching
542
543
teaching methods
443
444
574
575
teaching of adab
547
teaching of arabic
420
424
555
576
teaching of the Qurʾān
101
102
tears (see also larmes)
338
technique, technical
4
36
76
97
117
124
125
129
136
143
145
150
151
153
156
174
240
242
247
252
257
264
350
410
447
456
493
515
601
techniques de soi
352
technologie (s), technological, technologique, technology
2
10
12
14
151
152
240
248
497
499
508
642
643
télégramme, telegraph, télégraphe
12
157
273
274
410
417
493
telephone, téléphone, téléphoner
36
157
296
417
600
television, télévision, TV
32
594
597
600
608
612
637
642
temps (see also time)
251
255
258
269
283
290
297
299
389
467
496
498
510
terme, term
3
5
8
10
14
20
22
24
27
28
30
35
36
52
63
79
87
94
96
110
112
124
126
129
145
151
154
156
157
171
179
180
196
197
215
230
231
242
251
254
255
258
259
261
273
282
285
288
289
301
312
313
324
337
341
350
355
357
367
370
371
374
387
392
395
399
410
411
420
426
437
440
447
449
463
465
468
470
473
474
482
488
493
497
499
506
519
520
529
536
537
548
555
562
564
586
606
scientific terms (see also iṣṭilāḥāt)
125
153
154
technical terms (see also iṣṭilāḥāt)
125
136
144
151
156
242
terminologie, terminology (see also iṣṭilāḥ)
18
137
151
153
154
173
242
254
264
273
330
350
554
testament, testamentary (see also waṣiyya)
94
95
98
100
104
105
107
110
111
113
118
320
389
484
textbook (see also handbook, manuel)
9
20
126
136
174
185
407
408
412
421
427
437
443
444
456
thawāb
94
95
101
103
108
112
114
118
theatre, théâtre, théâtral
37
206
296
305
315
319
387
389
390
396
397
théologie, theology, theological, théologique
52
73
133
143
148
156
236
242
384
392
421
482
489
518
529
533
534
554
589
théologien, theologian
54
378
486
513
533
535
538
543
théorie, théorique, theoretical, theory pl. theories
30
56
78
82
83
125
126
137
140
141
144
330
184
186
366
426
446
447
457
601
612
620
theosophy, theosophist, theosophical
244
248
thinker (see also penseur)
50
57
59
60
78
181
183
229
Tijānī, Tijāniyya (see also confrérie, ṭarīqa)
512
518
520
tilāwa (see also qirāʿa, reading, récitation)
101
108
110
117
title, titre
13
14
17
31
73
86
94
97
111
112
116
117
125
138
139
145
154
196
232
239
245
246
253
257
267
286
289
291
294
298
300
318
350
353
356
387
388
406
410
415
416
426
446
454
466
489
510
513
534
536
537
560
599
606
626
627
632
toilette
297
299
494
tolérance, tolerance (see also concordance, ṣulḥ-i kull)
70
72
245
301
tomb, tombe, tombeau (see also dargah, shrine)
231
364
426
428
486
487
495
530
537
tourism, tourisme, tourist (see also siyāḥa)
211
213
222
367
town (see also village)
6
8
49
213
231
314
450
527
531
545
557
563
565
567
573
575
624
trade, traders (see also commerce, merchants)
439
444
544
553
563
570
572
578
580
tradition (see also ʿādāt, hadith, muḥaddith, patrimoine, qadīm, sunna, taqlīd, turāth)
4
7
11
12
14
16
19
21
24
28
33
34
50
54
59
63
72
80
84
86
87
97
98
107
112
118
126
128
132
137
141
143
145
147
149
150
154
158
171
174
180
186
201
207
228
237
244
261
264
274
304
311
312
321
327
328
331
334
367
368
372
374
380
392
410
447
448
504
517
521
522
532
533
536
540
543
553
555
573
588
597
601
604
606
608
610
612
614
622
623
625
oral tradition
77
233
241
542
548
553
prophetic tradition
5
71
77
143
577
622
624
625
631
633
634
scholastic tradition
143
622
623
625
traditions (nationales, religieuses, mourning traditions)
11
17
26
29
50
64
67
239
243
244
251
272
300
302
341
366
369
420
457
483
518
539
540
554
560
569
577
579
602
615
621
traditional, traditionnel
14
17
26
28
29
37
72
108
140
145
150
153
205
206
212
216
234
248
274
316
319
332
333
337
339
342
343
352
355
361
362
367
373
379
421
422
464
475
477
489
491
497
499
506
516
517
539
541
543
544
548
553
575
577
586
594
622
642
traduction (see also tarjama, translation)
262
264
274
286
290
291
293
304
350
353
363
367
391
522
Bureau de traduction (see also tercüme odası)
263
264
traducteur
285
291
353
361
366
373
484
522
traduire
296
357
362
395
464
488
600
tragédie (see also drama, theatre)
17
306
train (see also railroad)
254
409
427
496
train, trained, training (see also formation, taʽlīm)
6
12
14
33
34
36
51
55
70
133
145
150
172
176
204
210
217
246
332
400
410
411
414
416
421
423
435
436
441
446
452
456
457
538
560
565
574
575
577
578
traité (see also treatise)
255
256
258
260
262
282
352
388
391
405
416
493
496
497
507
516
tram, tramway
296
425
427
transgression
1
283
translation, translator, translatability (see also tarjama, traduction)
transmission (see also sanad)
14
15
33
36
72
95
102
118
129
141
146
202
222
233
512
513
516
517
519
521
527
534
547
transmitted sciences (see also ʿilm : ʿulūm naqliyya)
141
144
travail (see also work)
284
285
287
290
301
303
393
395
472
513
518
519
587
591
593
598
600
604
610
615
travailler, travailleur
286
507
593
594
601
609
travel, traveller, traveling, travelogue (see also riḥla, voyage)
1
25
67
103
108
124
147
148
150
152
171
183
185
196
203
204
214
239
311
337
411
413
423
438
453
553
559
571
573
575
624
treatise (see also traité)
18
25
58
65
67
86
94
98
100
103
105
106
108
111
116
117
142
171
173
175
179
184
186
240
242
337
532
557
559
treatment (see also ʿilāj)
54
56
80
130
136
327
573
tribe, tribal
16
153
157
213
233
234
442
tribunal (see also court)
206
377
379
506
510
tristesse (see also ḥuzn, solitude)
354
373
375
393
trousers
316
319
331
629
truth (see also ḥaqīqat, vérité)
76
179
243
244
247
314
332
577
643
turāth (see also héritage, legacy, patrimoine, tradition)
14
33
36
37
172
turban
21
211
272
323
535
536
543
545
Turc, Turk
58
202
205
209
269
302
330
334
335
508
509
600 (see also allaturca)
turc, Turkish, Turkic
2
3
7
29
30
34
36
50
134
138
178
181
184
203
207
208
212
213
215
217
256
312
313
315
321
337
365
408
409
413
419
424
527
531
533
542
turc ottoman, Ottoman turkish
133
178
195
197
201
256
321
483
tyran, tyrannie, tyranny, tyrant, tyrannique (see also despot)
80
87
183
351
364
371
378
udabāʾ (see also gentilshommes, adīb)
37
127
132
282
288
569
ʿumda pl. ʿumad (see also leader, village headman)
208
211
213
218
umma pl. umam (see also communauté, community, nation)
75
79
82
104
179
235
293
321
324
330
334
360
446
426
636
uniforme
26
202
206
273
unité, unity
6
68
141
152
235
243
356
358
436
482
505
universalisme, universaliste, universalism
66
173
272
363
365
379
universal, universel, universalité, universality
12
20
67
81
82
134
158
180
235
244
245
247
248
258
260
299
300
356
358
364
366
448
451
472
473
universitaire, université, university
13
147
292
293
366
384
386
389
391
393
394
397
401
406
409
412
417
421
423
425
443
444
453
483
489
506
507
544
548
562
575
578
595
598
600
601
603
611
612
627
629
urbain, urban, urbanisation
1
4
12
15
17
21
194
228
232
283
306
327
387
397
401
406
409
412
474
475
527
540
562
622
638
642
urbanitas, urbanité, urbanity (see also raffinement, ẓarf)
4
21
387
283
306
ʿurf (see also custom)
98
107
uses
8
110
125
141
175
411
usage(s) (see alsoʿādāt, custom, habitude, habitus)
193
251
253
255
256
258
260
261
263
265
267
269
271
273
274
281
282
284
287
290
295
296
376
384
391
392
395
410
465
466
494
496
uṣūl al-fiqh (see also principe, jurisprudence)
72
578
usure (see also ribā)
496
utilité, utilitaire, utilitarian
17
259
283
293
301
334
352
368
ʿuzla (see also solitude)
375
376
valeur(s), value(s)
2
22
29
87
95
130
139
153
154
173
199
201
209
219
221
230
239
242
243
246
248
254
266
274
291
292
298
300
303
327
330
337
340
342
355
356
360
362
365
368
373
380
388
407
408
411
422
427
439
442
448
449
451
455
466
468
471
473
476
477
492
513
519
529
532
544
548
556
559
577
630
veil, veiling, unveiling, voile (see also ḥijāb, sufūr)
21
28
117
240
299
367
370
380
405
407
409
412
418
421
424
425
428
528
570
vérité (see also ṣidq,sincérité, truth)
292
298
299
350
362
364
378
470
verre
466
versification
567
573
version
35
64
76
100
106
111
116
137
140
144
154
178
182
239
241
242
252
288
290
291
319
363
364
376
419
423
427
446
455
513
533
534
552
561
564
567
630
631
643
vertu, vertueux (see also khuluq, faḍīla, virtue, virtuous)
253
254
282
283
290
292
293
298
303
306
355
356
361
364
365
368
369
379
388
392
468
469
471
472
477
510
515
587
611
613
vêtement, vestimentaire, vêtir (see also chapeau, cloths, hat, fez, robe, veil, voile)
202
272
296
302
349
366
367
392
467
476
493
494
608
611
616
caleçon
296
chaussette
391
chaussure
391
494
frac
271
273
gant
296
habit
253
263
495
594
manteau
258
366
vice (see also āfa)
51
55
56
59
283
299
306
359
370
378
393
video
533
535
597
608
612
637
vie
vie politique
293
376
vie sociale
298
377
396
492
vieillard, vieux, vieille
375
378
village headman pl. headmen (see also shaykh, ʿumda)
212
213
village, villageois
15
242
326
390
391
401
443
447
468
471
472
474
477
505
535
538
545
603
604
642
ville (see also town)
262
271
283
296
297
376
377
379
380
385
401
473
475
476
481
483
497
510
512
587
590
593
595
603
604
606
609
viol
371
611
612
violence, violent
377
378
393
467
471
519
586
602
617
18
20
57
83
183
359
viril, virile, virilisme, virilité
292
379
387
393
virtue, virtues (see also vertu)
5
7
15
27
49
51
54
56
57
59
60
82
138
149
156
320
327
329
330
340
370
413
415
416
422
542
visage
357
390
392
397
visit, visite, visiter, visiteur, visiting
57
181
194
195
204
205
208
210
213
216
235
244
245
266
296
316
218
324
367
376
378
391
397
410
423
426
429
466
467
471
476
487
495
516
566
572
573
600
614
624
625
636
vizier, vizir
147
207
260
266
vocabulaire, vocabulary
29
114
151
175
198
210
212
232
242
243
332
357
379
386
388
401
414
440
557
575
voile (see also veil)
368
370
voisin (see also neighbour)
465
466
469
492
voix, voice
55
63
107
246
320
331
393
420
464
469
505
513
515
525
568
vol, voleur
303
350
398
volonté
291
400
504
507
586
588
598
602
603
volonté divine
254
394
400
602
615
voyage, voyageur
589
599
609
261
267
269
274
292
298
299
353
368
463
471
496
vue
200
302
377
378
396
wafāʿ (see also fidélité aux engagements)
292
329
wajd (see also mystique)
373
374
waḥdat al-wujūd (see also ṣulḥ-i kull, unity of being)
68
70
72
76
wahhabism, wahhabite, wahhabisation (see also hanbalo-wahhabisme)
98
495
499
511
586
588
605
waḥsha (see also désolation, retraite, solitude, tristesse, tawaḥḥush)
375
376
wajd (see also transe, extase, tawājud)
373
374
wajh pl. wujūh (see also ʿayn, notable)
213
wājib (see also farḍ, obligation)
101
413
610
waqf, awqāf (see also endowment, main mort property)
57
106
108
110
113
176
528
579
war (see also armée, army, guerre, jihad, militaire, military)
2
18
20
109
236
247
339
407
408
415
418
420
425
427
430
431
435
436
438
440
442
444
454
456
530
533
535
waraʿ
53
warrāq (see also bookseller)
134
waṣiya, pl. waṣāyā (see also testament)
184
621
622
626
waṭan, waṭanī, waṭaniyya (see also fatherland, nation, patrie)
35
152
153
179
313
429
496
572
610
612
water (see also eau)
29
82
94
231
242
531
waʽẓ (see also exhortation)
49
575
weaving
79
446
website
31
33
36
625
637
wedding (see also mariage, marriage)
206
214
217
219
220
Westernisation (see also occidentalisation, tafarnuj)
15
31
38
wife, wives (see also épouse, femme)
214
216
217
314
320
322
326
333
335
341
342
405
406
411
415
427
561424
427
429
454
455
625
wijdān (see also awareness, conscience, conscient, ḍamīr)
357
361
374
wine (see also alcool, champagne)
37
203
205
210
218
231
411
wird
564
wisdom (see also ḥikma, sagesse)
4
7
78
148
244
246
451
564
568
woman, women (see also femme)
21
31
314
315
322_323
328
343
405
406
409
414
416
419
424
426
428
629
640
8
28
29
31
197
206
208
211
214
217
239
240
316
319
327
328
333
340
343
405
407
408
410
429
431
453
528
570
577
work (see also travail, travailler)
17
328
329
330
342
413
419
420
424
576
626
charity work
410
425
428
443
445
449
452
453
456
work ethic/ethos
29
315
453
work hours
10
420
working class
12
424
working conditions
443
451
World Muslim League (rābiṭat al-ʿālam al-islāmī)
578
worship (see also ibādat)
79
80
94
97
101
103
104
107
109
111
112
116
241
writer (see also écrit, écrivain, kitāb)
17
37
78
95
145
157
179
181
182
211
238
312
313
330
339
406
416
451
556
561
567
625
631
female writer
406
public writer (see also kātib ʿāmm)
95
339
writing
7
8
11
36
37
39
51
73
83
105
108
109
117
123
126
128
130
132
137
140
145
147
152
173
176
217
312
315
320
337
410
418
443
445
447
527
552
581
631
640
642
wuḥūsh (see also animaux)
375
yoga, yogi
65
67
76
ẓāhir (see also extériorité)
469
470
474
zakāt (see also alms, tax)
104
zār
428
ẓarf (see also raffinement, urbanitas)
4
542
zāwiya
293
572
622
zimmi (see also non-musulman, dhimmī)
zīna
327
zinā (see also adultère)
623