The Universal Two-child Policy: History and Implementation

Juwei Zhang; Ge Yang

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Chapter 1 The Universal Two-child Policy: History and Implementation

于Chinese Research Perspectives on Population and Labor, Volume 5

著者：

Juwei Zhang

Juwei Zhang
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and

Ge Yang

Ge Yang
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类型:: 章节

Page Range:: 1–24

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004407435_002

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Since its implementation more than 30 years ago, China’s family-planning policy has proven effective in alleviating both overpopulation and uncontrolled population growth, leading to changes in human reproduction in the country. The confluence of the country’s family-planning policy and more recent socioeconomic development has led to radical changes in China’s demographic situation. Structural problems within China’s population, not the total population size itself, are proving to be obstacles to further harmonious demographic and socioeconomic development; what’s more, the working age population has begun to decrease, the overall population is aging, and the sex ratio at birth remains high. Accordingly, the need to adjust the family-planning policy is becoming increasingly urgent. As such, it was decided at the 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee’s Third Plenary Session that either two-child policy for couples who are themselves the only child of their parents, or a selective two-child policy, would soon be implemented. In 2015, it was announced at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee that a two-child policy for all couples would be implemented. In other words, a two-year buffer period was sufficient for China to complete its adjustment of the one-child policy into a universal two-child policy. Adjusting the birth control policy in this period of time was intended not only to suit changes in the demographic situation but, more importantly, to match corresponding improvements in social institutions and the entry of the Chinese economy into the so-called “new” normal. This adjustment will have far-reaching influences not only on demographic changes in China but also on local family structures. We will begin by presenting the historical background and demographic situation in which the universal two-child policy was introduced, its demographic implications, and our expectations of future policies.

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Chinese Research Perspectives on Population and Labor, Volume 5

Achieving Prosperity for All through Shared Development

丛编： Chinese Research Perspectives, 卷： 5and Chinese Research Perspectives on Population and Labor, 卷： 5

Cover Chinese Research Perspectives on Population and Labor, Volume 5

ISBN:: 9789004407435

出版社:: Brill

印刷出版日期:: 14 May 2019

Subjects
- Asian Studies
  - China
  - Social Sciences
- Social Sciences
  - Asian Studies

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Chapter 1 The Universal Two-child Policy: History and Implementation

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Chinese Research Perspectives on Population and Labor, Volume 5

Achieving Prosperity for All through Shared Development

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