2. The role of carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin D in cardiovascular health

M. Opperman

2. The role of carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin D in cardiovascular health

于Handbook of nutrition in heart health

著者：

M. Opperman

M. Opperman Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Science, Functional Foods Research Unit, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.

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类型:: 章节

Page Range:: 27–47

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-853-7_2

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Globally cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death. Nutrition plays a central role in the prevention of many non-communicable diseases such as CVD, diabetes and cancer. A diet abundant in micronutrients from fruit and vegetables has shown to be an important role player in the prevention of CVD because of their anti-inflammatory properties. Carotenoids are the yellow, red and orange colour pigments in fruit and vegetables and possess certain biochemical properties due to their chemical structure. The most well-known carotenoids in the human diet include α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene and xeaxanthin. Vitamin E is the collective name for tocopherols and tocotrienols which are fat soluble vitamins displaying potent antioxidant activity through their lipoperoxyl radical-scavenging characteristics. Vitamin E consists of eight lipophillic molecules which include α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols and tocotrienols. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin manufactured by the skin which functions as a steroid hormone. The liver derived precursor of vitamin D, 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted in the upper layer of the skin by UVB radiation to pre-vitamin D where it is spontaneously converted to cholecalciferol or vitamin D3 (25(OH)D). Observational studies have shown that carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin D can reduce the risk for CVD through their various effects on blood lipids as well as their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) e.g. dietary intake and supplementation studies with carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin D showed diverse results. This article aims to summarise results from observational studies and RCTs to create a more holistic picture of the role of carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin D in the prevention of CVD.

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Handbook of nutrition in heart health

丛编： Human Health Handbooks, 卷： 14

ISBN:: 9789086868537

出版社:: Wageningen Academic

印刷出版日期:: 20 Sep 2017

Subjects
- Life Sciences
  - General
  - Food & Health

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2. The role of carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin D in cardiovascular health

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