Index
acquiescence
accountability
accountability mechanisms
amnesties
gacaca trials
Additional Protocol I (1977) to the 1949 Geneva Conventions
conduct of hostilities
weapons review obligation
Additional Protocol II (1977) to the 1949 Geneva Conventions
application in non-international armed conflict
protection of persons
Agreement by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Government of the United States of America, the Provisional Government of the French Republic and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics for the prosecution and punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis (1945)
Ad hoc United Nations Tribunals
African Union
African Court on Justice and Human Rights
African Court on Human and People’s Rights
aggression
act
crime
definition
airspace (boundary with outer space)
Antarctic Convergence
Antarctic Treaty
Consultative Meetings (ATCM)
application instituting proceedings
Arab League
archipelagic waters
armed attack
armed conflict
definition
classification criteria
arms transfer
due diligence obligations
autonomous weapons systems
Articles on State Responsibility for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA) (2001)
Arctic Circle
Arctic Council
Arctic States
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
assurances and guarantees of non-repetition
attribution of conduct
baseline
bilateral investment treaties
binding nature
biodiversity
Bretton Woods
Brundtland Commission report “Our Common Future” (1987)
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000)
Central Arctic Ocean
Charter of the United Nations
amendments
art. 2(4),
art.
art.
art.
art.
Chapter
Chapter
civil society
civilians
direct attacks, prohibition of
incidental harm
protection under IHL
climate change
coercion
economic
non-forcible
Combatants
distinction from civilians
hors de combat
command responsibility principle
Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS)
Committee on the Rights of the Child
common but differentiated responsibilities principle
common heritage principle
common concern of humankind
compensation
compliance/non-compliance
compromissory clause
conditionality
conduct (of States)
conferences of the parties
conflict situations
consensus
consular posts
functions 98n
honorary consular officers and posts
privileges, immunities and inviolabilities
waiver of immunity
contiguous zone
continental shelf
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984)
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979)
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948)
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006)
conviction
Council of Europe
counter-claims
countermeasures
credentials
crimes against humanity
crimes against the peace
criminal responsibility
accountability
impunity
of individuals
customary international law See also opinion juris; State practice
customary international humanitarian law
cyberattacks
cyberterrorism
cyberwarfare
depositary (of a multilateral treaty)
digital economy
diplomacy
diplomat
diplomatic missions
duty not to interfere in the domestic affairs of the receiving State
freedom of communication
functional necessity
functions
mutual consent
non-discrimination
persona non grata
privileges, immunities and inviolabilities
waiver of immunity
reciprocity
dispute settlement
distinction (principle of)
distress
Doha Development Agenda
Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Humanity (2019)
Draft Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism (2000)
economic coercion see See coercion
enforcement
action
of international criminal law
of international humanitarian law
of international law
environmental protection
during hostilities
marine
environmental externality
erga omnes obligations
estoppel
European Union
exclusive economic zone (EEZ)
expropriation
Extraordinary African Chambers in Senegal
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
fair and equitable treatment
FAO International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources (2001)
fisheries
Antarctica
Arctic
fragmentation of international law
Friendly Relations Declaration
force, meaning of
force majeure
powers
GATT
general principles of law
General Treaty for the Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy (1928)
Geneva Conventions (1949)
1977 Additional Protocols
core framework
common article
application and scope
fundamental guarantees
genocide See also Convention against Genocide; Ljubljana–The Hague Convention
crime
definition
conspiracy, incitement, attempt to commit, complicity in, criminalisation of
geostationary orbit
good faith (principle of)
greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets
Greenland
Hague Peace Conferences (1899, 1907)
head of government
head of State
Helsinki Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (1974)
hybrid (‘mixed’, ‘internationalised’) tribunals
high seas
High Seas Agreement (BBNJ Agreement 2023)
biological diversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ)
horizontal relations
Human Rights Committee See also individual complaints
Human Rights Council
human security law
humane treatment
Humanitarian Initiative
humanitarian intervention
humanity (principle of)
Ilulissat Declaration (2008)
immunity of consuls See also consular posts
immunity of diplomats See also diplomatic missions
immunity of States
acta jure imperii distinguished from acta jure gestionis
beneficiaries of immunity
compatibility with human rights
exceptions to immunity
immunity from constraint/enforcement
immunity of State officials
immunity ratione personae
immunity ratione materiae
immunity before ICC
indigenous people
individuals (or groups of)
individual complaints
inter-institutional international agreements
internal waters
international armed conflict (IAC)
definition
occupation
International Committee of the Red Cros
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
declaration recognizing the jurisdiction
intervention
judges ad hoc
judgments
jurisdiction
members
oral proceedings
preliminary objections
proof (burden of, standard of)
provisional measures
Registry
Rules of Court
special agreement
Statute of the Court
written proceedings
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006)
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) (1966)
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) (1966)
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1969)
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (1990)
International Criminal Court (ICC)
Assembly of States Parties
Chambers, (Pre-Trial Chamber, Trial Chamber, Appeals Chamber)
immunity
inviolability of head of State
jurisdiction
Kampala Review Conference (2010)
obligation to cooperate
Office of the Prosecutor
Presidency
Prosecutor
Registrar
Security Council referral
Special Working Group on the crime of aggression
Victims Trust Fund
international criminal law
individual criminal responsibility
peace-justice relationship
sources of
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
international economic law
international environmental law
international environmental agreements
global framework agreements
subsidiary/sectoral/regional instruments
international human rights
international humanitarian law (IHL)
definition and purpose
grave breaches of
rules on conduct of warfare
sources of law
international investment law
International law
nature
functions
sources See also sources of international law
International Law Commission
International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Tribunal)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
international organisations
capacity to conclude treaties
concept
constitutive treaty of
membership of
purposes
resolutions adopted by
sources
treaties under the auspices of
International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals
International Space Station (ISS)
international trade law
sources of
internationally wrongful act
investment treaties
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
International Seabed Authority (ISA)
investor–State dispute settlement
investigations
war crimes, obligation to investigate
judicial decisions
jurisprudence
jus ad bellum
jus cogens
jus in bello
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) see See Pact of Paris
General Treaty for the Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy (1928)
Kosovo Specialised Chambers
Kyoto Protocol
developed countries
differentiated targets
first commitment period
second commitment period
law of the sea See also UN Convention on the Law of the Sea; Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea; International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
Ljubljana-The Hague Convention on International Cooperation and Investigation of the Crime of Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes and other International Crimes (2023)
Malabo Protocol (2014)
Manila Declaration on the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes (1982)
marine environment
protection and preservation
pollution
dumping into
marine genetic resources
Martens Clause
means and methods of warfare
Millenium Development Goals
military objectives
minister of foreign affairs
moon
most-favoured-nation treatment
Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States (1933)
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987)
Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources (2010)
national treatment
North-Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Nayarit Conference
necessity
negotiation (of a treaty)
non-forcible coercion see See coercion
non-international armed conflict (NIAC)
definition and criteria
non-intervention
non-legally binding international agreements
non-legally binding international instruments
non-proliferation
normative system
North Pole
nuclear weapons
prohibition
free zones of
opinion iuris
Organization of American States (OAS)
Outer Space Treaty (1967)
ozone
package deal
Pact of Paris (1928)
pacta sunt servanda
Paris Agreement on Climate Change (2015)
nationally determined contributions (NDCs)
Peace Treaty of Versailles (1919)
peace-keeping
peaceful resolution of disputes See also dispute settlement
peak atmospheric carbon
peak humanity
peremptory norms See also jus cogens
Permanent Court of International Justice
persistent objector
piracy
planetary boundaries
Polar Code (2014)
policy space
polluter pays principle
precaution (principle of)
precautionary principle
prisoners of war
proportionality (principle of)
recognition of governments
recognition of States
regional organizations
regional trade agreements
reparation
reprisals
rescue of nationals
reservation (to a treaty)
respect for international humanitarian law
restitution
right to regulate
Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit (1992)
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992)
27 Principles of
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998)
as source of international criminal law
incorporation into domestic legal systems
Rules of Court see See ICJ
Rules of procedure (of a diplomatic conference)
sanctions
sea-level rise 57n
scholarly writings
self-defence
anticipatory self-defence
collective self-defence
necessity and proportionality
non-State actors
reporting to the Security Council
State responsibility
self-determination
sources of International Law
sovereign equality of States
space debris
Special Panels in East Timor
specially protected objects
State
concept
elements
fundamental principles applicable to
State consent
State practice
active
passive
State responsibility
Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment (1972)
Stockholm UN Conference on the Human Environment (1972)
subsequent practice
subsidiary means
sustainable development
sustainable development goals (SDGs)
telecommunication
territorial integrity
territorial sea
territory, acquisition of
terrorism
terrorism financing
Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
Tlatelolco Treaty 1967)
Tokyo Tribunal
trade agreement
Trail Smelter Arbitration (1941)
transboundary harm/pollution
transnational issues/crimes
treaty
acceptance
accession
amendment
annexes
approval
bilateral
definition
entry into force
final clauses
multilateral
participation in
preamble
ratification
withdrawal
Treaty of Mesilim
Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) (2017)
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) (1968)
unilateral acts
United Nations Organisation (UN) see also UN Economic and Social Council, UN General Assembly, International Court of Justice, UN Security Council, UN Trusteeship Council, Charter of the United Nations
immunities and privileges
international legal personality
members
admission
suspension
principal organs
purpose
secondary law
specialised institutions and related organisations
subsidiary organs
treaties under the auspices of
UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio de Janiero 2012)
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) (1982)
dispute settlement
environment
Part XI
Part XII
Part XV
seabed activities
straddling and highly migratory fish stocks
UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
UN Sustainable Development Summit (2015)
UN Convention on Biodiversity (1992)
sustainable use
fair and equitable sharing of benefits
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)
UN Economic and Social Council
UN Environment Programme (UNEP)
UNEP Regional Seas Programme
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (1992)
UN General Assembly
UN Secretary–General See also secretariat
UN Security Council
UN Trusteeship Council
Uniting for Peace
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
use of force
aiding or assisting
prohibition of
Security Council authorisation
threat of
with consent
vertical relations
victim
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985)
Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR) (1963)
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (VCDR) (1961)
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) (1969)
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Between States and International Organizations and Between International Organizations (1986)
Vienna formula
War crimes
weapons
new weapons
prohibited weapons
weapons treaties
World Bank
World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg 2002)
World Trade Organisation (WTO)
Appellate Body