Note on Transliteration and Translation
For the transliteration of Arabic terms, I have used the IJMES transliteration system. For the transliteration of Ottoman Turkish terms, I have used the Library of Congress transliteration system, opting for macrons instead of circumflex to indicate long vowels. Scholars from the Ottoman heartlands are referred to by their more common Turkish names (e.g., Kemalpaşazāde instead of Ibn Kamāl Bāshā). The first time a person is mentioned, their full name and death date are given according to the Hijra/Gregorian calendar.
Translations are my own unless otherwise indicated.