Variability of Scribal Practices in the Copy of Retrograde Texts during the 21st Dynasty (1069â945â¯BCE)

Ãmil Joubert

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ChapterÂ 7 Variability of Scribal Practices in the Copy of Retrograde Texts during the 21st Dynasty (1069â945â¯BCE)

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Ãmil Joubert

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 142â169

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004723405_009

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Abstract

The importance of the scribeâs individuality in the production of his manuscript is seen in the variability of practices, and therefore of personal apprehensions, observed in different copies of similar texts. The funerary literature of the New Kingdom was often in retrograde writing. During the 21st Dynasty (1069â945â¯BCE), this disposition become uncommon. The transmission of these texts implies thus specific problematics. Various copying processes are attested. Some Books of the Dead (like those of Tayuheryt, Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, AMSÂ 40) and the majority of the âAmduatâ are copied in a reverse order (from right to left). This leads often to destructuring the text, like on the papyrus of Khonsumes (Paris, BnF Ãgyptien 153â155). Other situations are possible, even on manuscripts copied on the same model or in a single papyrus. The scribe can omit some passage in order to avoid destructuration or modifies the disposition of the columnsâlike on the papyrus of NesmutÃ¢aneru (London, BM EAÂ 9982, copied on the same model as these from Khonsumes). The Tenth Hour of the Amduat of Horemakhbit (Berlin, PÂ 3001/D) was inscribed in a kind of boustrophedon wayâthe upper register from left to right following the reading order and the lower registers written reversed. Thus, material philology emphasizes the flexibility of writing practices, and perhaps of the personal culture of the scribes, even in a single composition.

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Looking beyond the Text

New Approaches to Scribal Culture and Practices in Ancient Egypt

Series:Â Harvard Egyptological Studies, Volume: 27

E-Book ISBN:: 9789004723405

Publisher:: Brill

Print Publication Date:: 03 Feb 2024

Subjects
- Ancient Near East and Egypt
  - Egyptology

Front Matter

PartÂ 1 Social Contexts

PartÂ 2 Education and Formation

PartÂ 3 Writing Mechanics

PartÂ 4 Scribal Materials

PartÂ 5 Transmission and Reception

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ChapterÂ 7 Variability of Scribal Practices in the Copy of Retrograde Texts during the 21st Dynasty (1069â945â¯BCE)

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Looking beyond the Text

New Approaches to Scribal Culture and Practices in Ancient Egypt

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ChapterÂ 7 Variability of Scribal Practices in the Copy of Retrograde Texts during the 21st Dynasty (1069â945â¯BCE)