Index
Abbott, Frederick M.
303
access and benefit sharing (ABS)
18, 26
access to genetic resources
17–18, 23
benefit sharing
101, 257
fair and equitable sharing of benefits
17, 78
material transfer agreements
18
Addor, Felix
301, 314
Afghanistan
23, 190–191, 287, 335
Afsharit Dynasty
50
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement)
1, 14, 21–22, 80, 87–88, 90, 98, 103, 113, 115, 125, 129, 152, 154, 156–159, 161–162, 165, 171, 179, 185–187, 191, 198–200, 203, 205, 208, 219, 221, 235, 238, 247–248, 250–251, 254, 257, 289, 298, 300–302, 306, 310–313, 317, 324–326, 335
Doha Declaration
22, 269, 311
Doha Round
29
subject matter
21, 22
TRIPS Council
22, 269, 312–313
Uruguay Round
21
Aguilar, Grethel
91
Andean Community
232, 248, 252
Anderson, Jane
302
appellations of origin (AO)
14, 271, 273–274, 287–290, 292, 296, 304, 306, 311, 317–318, 327, 335
Andean Decision No. 344
290
Arsacid era
180
Australia
110–111, 117, 121, 130, 138, 141, 170, 174, 184, 190–191, 213, 219, 230, 270, 288, 312, 335
Ganalbingu people
111, 124
National Indigenous Arts Advocacy Association
213
‘Wik’ tribe dancers
142
Austria
50, 291–292
Azerbaijan (Repbulic of)
27, 322
Bangui Agreement Relating to the Creation of an African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI)
290
Belgium
296
Stella Artois
180
beneficiaries
15, 24, 27, 52–55, 72–73, 83, 90, 99, 123, 316
authorized user
318–319, 327, 333, 334
cultural community
53n243
definition of
52
holder
55
minority
53n245
nation
53n244
owner
55
ownership
316
terminology
53
beneficiaries of PCs
55–56, 64, 67, 73–75, 149, 177
carpet weavers
45, 60–61, 66, 74, 182, 202, 211, 274–289
cities
57, 73–74, 206, 270
city councils
72, 256
domestic producers
61, 74
merchants
65, 67
nomadic people
58
producer
67, 318
professions
56, 66, 74, 253
rural communities
56–57, 74, 253
village councils
72, 75, 256
villagers
46, 72, 74
villages
56–57, 59–60, 72, 74
well-known communities
59, 270
well-known designers
63–64
well-known producers
62–63, 75
well-known regions
59, 104
workshop production
61, 74
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Berne Convention)
21, 68, 87–88, 92–94, 97, 99, 112, 114–117, 120, 122, 125, 127, 129, 131
Biber-Klemm, Susette
158
bilateral agreement
28, 291
Bilateral Investment Treaties
29
Free Trade Agreements
28
biodiversity
10–11, 13, 28, 35, 38, 49, 76, 80–81, 176, 269
biological diversity
9–10, 38, 76, 87, 96
Blakeney, Michael
245, 312
Bonn Guidelines
18–19
Brazil
17, 303, 310
breeders
81–82, 90, 97, 98
Bronze Age
49
Bulgaria
117, 313
Burkina Faso
117
Burnt City
49
Burri, Mira
111, 114
Canada
110, 117, 184, 190–191, 197, 214, 258, 288, 292, 335
Cowichan tribes
214
Inookshook rock formations
193
Inuit
193
Snuneymuxw First Nation
197
Vancouver Olympic Games
193
Carvalho, Nuno Pires de
33
causing confusion
136, 138
certification marks
14, 141, 182, 190, 198, 200, 210, 212–215, 217, 219–220, 228, 231, 250, 260–261, 265, 288, 303–305, 311, 325–326, 329–330, 333
Cowichan
214
Harris Tweed
214–215
China
23, 190, 191, 238, 287, 335
Cobo, Martinez
33
collective marks
14, 82, 186, 190, 198, 207–212, 217, 219–228, 254–255, 260–262, 265, 270, 305, 316, 322, 325, 327, 333
defined as
207
MELINDA
231
Taita Basket Association
210
Colombia
28–29
Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA)
292
Conrad, Albrecht
273
conservation
3, 10, 13, 20, 37–38, 54, 64, 76–77, 91, 176, 213
consumer
14, 94, 96, 133, 136–142, 144–146, 151, 168, 171, 178, 181–182, 190, 192, 195, 197, 200–201, 206, 209–218, 225, 237–240, 247, 249, 259–261, 263–264, 267–269, 297, 301–303, 322, 324–325, 328–329, 331–332, 335
Convention Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples
17
indigenous and tribal peoples’ rights
17
Prior Informed Consent
85
rural communities
56
Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
20
Intangible Cultural Heritage
20–21, 35, 113
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
3, 15, 17–19, 22, 26, 34, 54, 86, 270
goals
17
influence of IPRs
18
copyrights
1, 21–22, 28–29, 68, 81, 87–88, 90–92, 93n428, 94–99, 103, 107, 109–132, 134, 139, 141, 143, 145–148, 153, 178–179, 192, 220, 242, 329
authorship
68, 92, 122–123, 129, 178
cultural IP
110
exceptions and limitations
27, 97–98, 129–130, 132, 176, 178
fair dealing / fair use
97n458, 130, 240
Feist Publications, Inc, v Rural Tel Serv Co Case
116, 117
fixation
77n335, 120–122, 132, 178
inconsistencies and certain deficiencies
112
John Bulun Bulun & Anor v R & T Textiles Pty Ltd. Case
111, 124, 170
Milpurrurru, G. & Ors v. Indofurn P/L & Ors Case
111
non-formality requirement
114–115, 132, 178
originality
116–120, 132, 178
scope of subject matters
113
sweat of the brow doctrine
117–118
ta moko
113–114
territorial complexities
127
threshold of originality
117–119
Costa Rica
161, 292
Cottier, Thomas
22, 37, 60, 81, 88, 90, 106, 153, 177, 225, 231, 248, 257, 259, 268, 270, 297, 303, 305, 311, 323
Cuba
251, 292
Czech Republic
306
Bohemia crystal
306
Czechoslovak
292
Daes, Erica-Irene
49, 134
database
24, 28, 90, 100, 102–104, 119–120, 169, 175, 241, 307
Honey Bee Network
104
Official Insignia on Native American Tribes
102, 241
originality
119
PCs’ Encyclopaedia
104
the EU Database Directive
103
Traditional Knowledge Digital Library
102
defensive protection
84–85, 88–89, 102, 118, 148, 177, 195–196, 233–234, 236–237, 245–246, 260, 262–264, 332
is defined
84
designations of origin
14, 137, 319, 320
Dhir, Rishabh Kumar
7
documentation
24, 64, 75, 77, 89, 100, 104, 122, 134, 169, 175, 179, 226
Downes, David R.
181, 268
duration of protection
27, 105–106, 177, 257, 265, 320–323, 327, 332, 334
indefinite duration
106, 146, 153, 321
minimum term
125, 187
Dutfield, Graham
90, 134
Economic Cooperation Organization
27
Economic Cooperation Organization Trade Agreement (ECOTA)
26–27, 291
economic rights
88, 91–97, 105, 125–126, 129, 132, 150, 176
Ecuador
201
Panama Hat
201
EFTA
241, 246
El Salvador
292
England
50, 190
European Union (EU)
14, 31, 80, 103, 124, 129, 218, 222, 224, 227, 229, 239, 241, 246, 248, 258, 269, 292, 310, 312–313, 320–321
exceptions and limitations
27, 97–98, 129–130, 132, 176, 178
ex-situ
82
Finland
205
van Fleet, Justin W.
36
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
20, 22, 54
formalities
27, 89, 99, 100, 102, 114–115, 132, 145, 148, 177–178, 305, 310, 323, 326–327
definition
99
France
19, 50, 291–292, 314
Frankel, Susy
113, 192, 232, 315, 320
freedom of expression
206, 242
Gangjee, Dev S.
231, 305
genetic resources (GRs)
10, 17–20, 23–25, 35–38, 41, 54, 73, 79, 82, 104, 295
animal genetic resources
46
genetic materials
2, 73
plant genetic resources (PGRs)
20, 48, 54, 81
geographical indications (GIs)
1, 14, 21, 26, 28, 67, 81–82, 91, 104, 109, 132, 147, 177, 179, 181, 238, 267, 269, 297–298, 302, 304–307, 310–314, 317–319, 321–322, 324
African Intellectual Property Organization
290
geographical origins
301
other characteristics
300
quality
298
registration
305
reputation
299
subject matter
297
TK-Related Indications (TK-RI)
267, 271, 296, 303, 305–306, 309–310, 313, 315, 318, 320–321, 323–324, 326–327, 332–333
Germann, Christophe
22
Germany
18, 50, 184, 190–191, 230, 288, 291, 335
Löwenbräu
180
Ghana
193
Ashanti
193
Ghanaian
128, 151–152
Githaiga, Joseph Wambugu
35
Goss, Ian
25
Goswami, KK
294
Grazioli, Alexandra
301, 314
Guatemala
314
Gupta, Anil K.
38, 104, 245, 310
Gurry, Francis
303
Hansen, Stephen A.
36
Hennessey, William O.
91, 93
Hermitage Museum
49
Hofman, Julien
120
Human Rights
16, 17, 21–22, 83, 85–86, 91–92, 206
India
23, 102, 190, 193, 251, 294, 314, 319, 322, 335
Ayurveda, Veda and Yoga
193
Kani tribe
156
indications of source
147, 271, 273, 288–290, 311, 317, 335
Indonesia
136
in-situ
82, 295
intellectual property rights (IPRs)
1, 3, 13, 15–19, 21–25, 28–32, 40, 65, 70–71, 76, 78–85, 87–92, 94, 96–98, 101–102, 105–108, 123, 133, 147, 153, 156, 171–172, 176–179, 184, 196, 206, 221, 233, 240, 268, 291–292, 301, 305, 312, 315, 324–325, 329, 332, 335
in favor of IP
80
negative role of IPRs
79
tool for protection of TK
78
International Convention for the Use of Appellations of Origin and Denominations of Cheeses (Stresa Convention)
289
International Convention on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV)
90, 98
International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
19, 86
farmers’ rights
20
objective
20
Iran
2–3, 5–6, 9, 12, 15, 18–19, 23, 27, 29, 42–52, 56–59, 61–62, 65–67, 69–75, 96, 104, 113, 115, 128, 158–160, 182–183, 190–191, 193–194, 199–200, 202–204, 210, 217, 223–224, 227–230, 235, 237–239, 243–244, 256, 259, 270–271, 275, 278–279, 281, 283–284, 286, 288, 291–294, 296, 301, 307–309, 315, 319, 322, 334–335
Iranian
1, 3, 5–6, 9, 27, 42–43, 48, 51, 58, 71, 74, 91, 95, 112–113, 128, 131, 159, 163, 180, 183, 198, 203–204, 211, 219, 223–224, 235, 237, 243, 248, 254, 258, 263, 292, 295, 297–298, 300, 318–319, 324, 327–328, 331
Italy
50, 190, 230–231, 290, 292, 314, 335
Valle di Non
231
Valle di Sole
231
Japan
32, 164, 190, 230, 335
Hoshi Ryokan
180
Kelley, David
31
Kenya
17, 210
Taita Basket
210
Laird, Sarah A.
181, 268
Lamy, Pascal
314
Lebanon
190–191, 288, 335
Lewinski, Silke von
36
Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration (Lisbon Agreement)
14, 270, 273–274, 287–288, 290, 295, 299–301, 304, 309, 311, 317–318, 321, 323, 327, 334, 335
model
299, 325
system
296, 304
Long, Doris Estelle
163–166
Los Angeles Museum of Arts
50
Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods
14, 185, 272
goal
272
Madrid System
183, 185, 187–188, 191, 194, 211, 228–231, 233, 288, 335
Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks (Madrid Agreement)
185, 187, 235, 258, 288
Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks (Madrid Protocol)
185, 187, 235, 288
Mahdiei, Akbar
155, 163
Malaysia
117
Mali
306
‘Bogolan’ or ‘Mud cloth’
306
Malta
256
Mexico
183
Seri people
183
Mirhosseini, Seyed Hassan
224
misappropriation
14, 15, 26, 52, 76, 80–81, 84, 89–90, 99, 102, 105, 113, 119, 133–137, 142, 144, 146–148, 150, 152–153, 166, 169, 173, 176–179, 194–195, 215, 239, 249, 260, 262, 266, 271, 302, 310, 312, 315, 324–325, 329–330, 332
mislead
14, 92, 94, 133, 137–144, 148, 150, 182, 206–209, 212–213, 237–239, 247, 249–250, 263–264, 266, 269, 272, 289, 296, 297, 315–316, 324, 328, 331, 332
misuse
76, 80–81, 84, 88–89, 99, 105, 124, 133, 135–136, 140, 144, 148, 150–151, 169, 172, 176–178, 194–197, 215, 226, 236, 260, 262–263, 311, 326, 328–331, 333
definition
136
Model Provisions for National Law on the Protection of Expressions of Folklore Against Illicit Exploitation and Other Prejudicial Action (Model Provisions)
16, 39n190, 112, 127–129, 131, 143
Mongolia
250
moral rights
88, 91, 94, 96, 101, 192
concept
87, 92
principle
93
purpose
125
Motamedi, Gholamreza
56n266
Müller, Andrea Nascimento
268, 297, 305, 311
Munzer, Stephen R.
33, 36, 89, 106, 148, 257
Nagoya Protocol
18, 38, 54, 86
Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol (Nairobi Treaty)
185, 187, 234
International Olympic Committee
187
national treatment
27, 30, 127–129, 186
Nepal
23, 190–191, 287, 322, 335
Netherlands
50, 302
New Zealand
113, 183–184, 215, 237, 241, 244–245, 256, 312, 331
Māori Arts Board
215
Māori Community Mark
197
Māori people / tribes
113, 184, 215–216
Māori Trade Marks Advisory
241
Moana Maniapoto
183
toi ihoTM
215
Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks (Nice Agreement)
185, 188–190, 226–227, 257, 262, 330
Nigeria
213
North American Free Trade Agreement
198
Norway (Oslo)
242
novelty
80, 82, 116, 118, 145, 153–154, 178
offensive protection
89
Osei-Tutu, J. Janewa
110, 151
Pacific Regional Framework for the Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Expressions of Culture
127, 197
Pager, Sean A.
148
Pahlavi Dynasty
70
Pakistan
23, 27, 190–191, 287–288, 335
Panama
29, 197, 201
Panizzon, Marion
60, 106, 225, 257, 259, 323
Paris Convention on the Protection of Industrial Property (Paris Convention)
1, 14, 21, 31, 93, 138, 148–149, 151, 153, 171, 185–188, 190–191, 198–201, 203–205, 208, 212, 218–219, 221, 233–236, 238, 244, 247–248, 250–251, 253–257, 259, 271–272, 289, 306, 311, 319, 326, 335
passing off
82, 139–142
patents
21, 25, 28–29, 90, 97–98, 101–102, 107–108, 114–115, 134, 136, 143, 145–148, 151–152, 177–178, 217, 242, 271
Persepolis
42
Persian carpets (PCs)
1–6, 8–9, 12–15, 26, 28, 34, 41–43, 45–47, 49–52, 56–57, 59–63, 65–67, 69–75, 83, 85, 87–88, 91, 94, 104–106, 109–110, 112–113, 119, 121, 126, 128, 132, 137, 140–141, 149–150, 154–155, 158, 160, 163, 176–177, 179–180, 191, 238, 243, 246–247, 267, 293, 297, 30
animal genetic resources
46
Baharestan Carpet
50
Farrahi
193, 194
identity
51
intergenerational
49
knowledge
42
local community
51
local woven
2
making dyes
42
nomadic carpets
2
nomadic woven carpets
2
Pazyryk
49
plant genetic resources
48
subject matter
41
TK criteria for PCs
48
tools
44
tribal and nomadic rugs
45n216
weaving
43
Peru
28, 101, 161
Pflüger, Martin
245
Philippines
93
Popova-Gosart, Ulia
230
Portugal
184, 291
positive protection
84, 88–89, 91, 101, 177, 196–197, 217–218, 220, 226–228, 230–232, 260–263, 290, 305, 326, 329–330, 335
advantages
88
aimed at
88
preservation
3, 6, 9–10, 15, 25, 38, 76–77, 79–80, 91, 100, 119, 121, 131, 133, 146, 155, 163, 175–176, 182
prior art
101–102
prior informed consent (PIC)
15, 84–87, 94, 119, 134, 256, 265
consent
14, 87, 96, 108, 111, 143, 153, 157, 167, 233, 329
derived from
85
elements
86
instruments concerned
85
legal mechanism
85
protection
76
concept
76, 133, 176
principle demands
83
public domain
107
defined as
107
Qajar
50, 70
Raustiala, Kal
33, 36, 89, 106, 148, 257
registration of TK
100
representatives
64–66
associations
65–66
governments obligations
67
guilds
65–66
Iran High Council of Nomads
70, 75, 256
Iran National Carpet Centre (INCC)
62, 69, 70–71, 75, 256, 270, 331
merchants
66
Provincial Councils for Planning and Development
71, 75, 256
unions
65–66
Riffel, Christian
1, 54, 149, 160–161, 315
Russian Federation
306
Safavid Dynasty
42, 50
safeguard(ing)
20, 50, 55, 76–77, 82, 84, 103, 113, 118–120, 122, 126, 132–133, 139–140, 142–143, 145, 147, 150, 152–155, 161–167, 169–172, 176, 179, 239, 242, 324
Sassanid Dynasty
50
Scafidi, Susan
259
Scotland
214
Islanders of Lewis, Harris, Uist and Barra
214
Sharoni, Sari
144
Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks (Singapore Treaty)
190, 220
Slovakia
307
Slovenia
315
South Africa
190, 191, 268, 335
Spain
291, 292
Sri Lanka
135
stakeholders
18, 23, 40, 72, 89, 97–98, 149, 164, 216, 323, 328
sui generis
82, 90, 103, 107, 177, 297, 316
sui generis system
90
Swakopmund Protocol
4, 27, 34, 55, 99, 135
African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO)
26
subject matters
27
Switzerland (Swiss)
6, 14, 80, 117, 190, 204, 224, 227, 229–231, 236–237, 244, 248, 251, 258, 270, 289, 291, 310, 312–313, 319–320, 322, 331, 335
Taromsari, Masoud
119n566
territorial principles
119, 127–129, 132, 151–152, 178–179, 249, 262, 301, 325
Thailand
314
Torsen, Molly
302
trade names
141, 202, 204–207
Anheuser-Busch v. Budéjovický Budvar Case
205
definition
203
Havana Club case
203
Piazza’s Seafood World LLC v Bob Odom Case
206
registration
204
use requirements
204
trade secrets
1, 82, 90–91, 107, 109, 146, 148, 152–167, 170–175, 179
commercial value
162
confidential information
82, 153–154, 162, 167, 170, 172
confidentiality agreement
161, 167, 174
contrary to honest commercial practices
153
distinctions in TK accessibility
158
Foster v Mountford Case
161
improper means
173
levels of TK exchanges
160
maintaining confidentiality
166
Phillip Morris Inc v Reilly Case
174
secrecy
157–159, 161–163, 165–166, 169–170, 174, 176, 179
tripartite criteria
156–157
undisclosed elements of TK
100
undisclosed information
28, 82, 153, 172, 329
undisclosed knowledge
167, 172
undisclosed TK
108, 168, 173, 175
Trademark Law Treaty (TLT)
189, 190, 199, 220, 222, 248, 258
trademarks
14, 21, 26, 29, 31, 81–82, 90–91, 94, 102, 107, 109, 115, 132, 134, 136–137, 139–142, 146–147, 151, 177, 179–190, 191–202, 203, 205–207, 209–210, 212–214, 216–220, 221–267, 271, 287–288, 296, 302–305, 311, 316, 321–325, 327, 329–335
advantages of registration
196
Anheuser-Busch Inc v Budéjovický Budvar, národní podnik Case
205
Ansul BV v Ajax Brandbeveiliging BV Case
222
applicability
184
approaches for protection of TK-RS
196
challenge of cost
227
classification system
185, 188–190, 226–227, 330
deceptive marks
237, 263, 266
definition
198
descriptive marks
218, 219, 261
distinctive signs
36, 180, 196, 200n885, 201, 208, 268
functions
180
genuine use
222–225, 227, 261–262, 330
Hamid v Arman Co Case
223, 225
Mehrdad & Reza v Saeed Case
223, 225
Navajo Nation v. Urban Outfitters Case
240
public order/morality
241–242, 244–246, 264, 331
service marks
201
TK-Related Signs (TK-RS)
180–181, 184–186, 192–197, 199, 201, 206–207, 209, 212–213, 215–220, 223, 225–228, 230–234, 236–237, 246, 250, 253, 256–257, 259–266, 268, 296, 302, 304, 329–332, 335
US – Wool Shirt and Blouses Case
224
use requirement
163, 204, 220–221, 223–225, 261, 323, 330
Vigeland Case
241
traditional cultural expressions (TCEs)
24, 26–27, 35–36, 73, 77, 79, 81, 109–113, 115, 118–129, 131–133, 139–140, 142–143, 145–146, 148, 150, 152, 174, 178, 269, 328
cultural expressions
109–110, 119, 121, 123, 126, 132–133, 166, 178
cultural heritage
3–4, 21, 35, 71, 77, 79, 93, 110, 113, 122, 133, 137, 140, 146, 158–160, 175, 178, 197, 268, 314, 324
folklore
3–4, 16, 22–23, 27, 29, 35–36, 39, 42, 96, 100, 112–113, 122, 124, 126–128, 131–132, 143–144, 270, 296, 314–315
traditional intellectual property rights (TIP-rights)
14, 90, 106, 177–179, 225, 253, 256–257, 259, 265–266, 320, 323, 327, 332, 334, 335
traditional knowledge (TK), passim
common characteristics
48
definition
30
etymology
32
generations
3, 13, 21, 25, 33–35, 37, 49, 51, 77, 103, 105, 108, 118, 121–122, 155, 158–160, 164, 210, 215, 233
intergenerational
48, 55, 60, 175
knowledge systems
34
subject matter
32
terminologies
39
TK in broader sense
35, 73, 328
TK in narrow sense
34, 35, 73, 328
TK lato sensu
34, 35, 180
TK stricto sensu
34, 36
traditional knowledge holders (TKHs), passim
definition
55
ethnic groups
5, 27
farmers
11, 20, 37, 54, 82, 98, 209, 217
indigenous and local communities
3, 17–18, 23, 34–37, 54–55, 123, 125, 140, 160, 328
indigenous peoples
2, 4–5, 9, 16–17, 20, 36, 54, 73, 79, 86, 93, 96, 168, 184, 197, 245
local communities
2–3, 6, 11, 14, 16–18, 23, 26, 34–37, 51, 53–56, 71, 73, 96, 113, 123–125, 140, 150, 160, 176, 193, 232, 310, 328, 329
local farming communitites
5
native and local communities
113
native groups
242
native tribes
102
peoples concerned
17, 55
recognition of
93
rural and nomadic women
8
traditional communities
8, 9, 12, 35–36, 39n189, 53, 207, 209, 302
traditional farmers
11
tribal and nomadic communities
49
traditional knowledge users (TKUs)
96, 98
Türkiye
23, 190–191, 287, 335
Turkmenistan
160
UAE
190–191, 288, 335
UNEP
77
UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity
78
unfair competition (UC), passim
Belmora LLC v Bayer Consumer Care AG Case
151
George M*, Payunka, Marika & Others v Indofurn Pty Ltd Case
138
Milpurrurru, G. & Ors v. Indofurn P/L & Ors Case
144
Religious Technology Center v Wollersheim Case
165
Smith v Dravo Corp Case
170
Trader Joe’s Company v Hallat Case
151
use it or lose it
146
United Kingdom (UK)
117, 130, 141, 164, 191, 230, 288, 335
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
19, 34
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
20
Declaration on Indigenous Rights
21
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
78, 86
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
16, 20, 39n190, 77, 122, 127
United Nations General Assembly
20
United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
79
United States (USA)
6, 14, 28–29, 80, 88, 102, 115, 117, 128–130, 139, 151–152, 164–166, 190, 206, 222, 227, 229–230, 237, 239–240, 242, 246, 250–251, 256, 270, 295, 312, 322, 331, 335
Indian Arts and Crafts Board
139, 239, 256
Native American tribes
102, 237
United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
102, 229, 230, 237, 241–242, 251, 256
value of TK
3, 4, 104
agriculture
11
components
3
cultural value and diversity
8
decreasing the pollution
10
definition
4
Domotex exhibition
12
ecological values
9
economy and international trade
5
employment
6
National Handwoven Carpet Day
9
PCs’ value
5
scientific and technological
11
social and gender value
8
sustainable development
7
valuing the biodiversity
5n21
Varadarajan, Deepa
163
Victoria & Albert Museum
50
Vienna Agreement Establishing an International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks
185, 189, 226
Vietnam
111, 183, 234
Truong Son Balsam
183
Washington Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits
90
well-known marks
186–187, 246–253, 264–265, 332
Empresa Cubana del Tabaco v. General Cigar Co. Case
251
Swiss Federal Court in decision No. 4C.229/2003
251
Wagner Asia Equipment LLC v. Borogchin LLC Case
250
WIPO Copyright Committee
116
WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT)
98–99, 113, 115, 129
WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT)
98–99, 115, 120, 129
World Health Organization (WHO)
22
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
3, 15–16, 18, 22–26, 29, 31, 79, 98, 116, 122, 127, 134, 188, 196, 220, 227, 229–230, 235–236, 251, 253, 265, 287–288, 332, 334
biopiracy
26
Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC)
4, 23–26, 29, 34, 52, 84, 86, 109–110, 134, 136, 146, 148, 173, 267, 309
Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources, and Associated Traditional Knowledge
25
World Trade Organization (WTO)
15–16, 21–23, 27–29, 80, 186, 203–204, 224, 235, 247, 269, 291, 310–313, 335
Zandieh Dynasty
50
Ziegler & Co
50