Chapter 11 Anselm on Truth as Free
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In the prologue to the Monologion and the preface to Cur Deus Homo, Anselm affirms the rational necessity of the most mysterious matters of the faith, including the Trinity and the Incarnation. However, as he develops his understanding of truth as rectitudo in De Veritate and later works, it becomes clear that his understanding of rational necessity is not, to his mind, at all at odds with the free creation of the world, the freedom of our intelligence and choice, and therefore the freedom of truth. This chapter has four parts. The first presents Anselm’s claims for the necessary truths of God’s existence, the Trinity, and the Incarnation. The second examines the texts in which Anselm defines truth as rectitude, and how this moves the central focus from reason as primarily theoretical to reason as moral and aesthetic, which only exists as free. The third considers some texts from his later works, especially De Concordia, in which he affirms the absolute precedence of grace—the free gifts of creation and salvation—to all our endeavors, and how this underlines his notion of free truth. The final part points to passages from his earlier works that support this understanding of truth, indicating the ultimate consistency of Anselm’s thought.
Augustine of Hippo, Tractates on John in The Fathers of the Church, A New Translation, Volume 79, John W. Rettig, trans. (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1988).
S. Anselmi Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi Opera Omnia, Franciscus Salesius Schmitt, ed., vols. 1–6 (Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1946–1961); reprinted in two volumes (Stuttgart: Frommann Verlag, 1968).
Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on the Gospel of St. John, James A. Weisheipl, trans. (Albany, NY.: Magi Books, 1980).
Brown, Montague, ‘Anselm’s Argument for the Necessity of the Incarnation’, Proceedings of the Patristic, Medieval, and Renaissance Conference, 16/17 (1992–1993), pp. 39–52.
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