1 Hecataeus apud Steph. Byz. ffr. 60; 86â89, Jacoby (1957); Lombardo (2014)
FÂ 60 s.
Îá½»ÏνοÏΠνá¿ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏá½¹ÏβοÏÏÎ¿Ï á¼¸Î±ÏÏ Î³á½·Î±Ï .á¼ÎºÎ±Ïαá¿Î¿Ï Îá½Ïá½½Ïηι .
F 86.ἸαÏÏ Î³á½·Î±Î Î² (=δύο )Ïá½¹Î»ÎµÎ¹Ï .μία á¼Î½ Ïá¿Î¹ ἸÏαλίαι καὶ á¼Ïá½³Ïα á¼Î½ Ïá¿Î¹ á¼¸Î»Î»Ï Ïίδι ,á½¡Ï á¼ÎºÎ±Ïαá¿Î¿Ï .Ïὸ á¼Î¸Î½Î¹Îºá½¸Î½ ἸάÏÏ Î¾ καὶ ἸαÏá½»Î³Î¹Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ ἸαÏÏ Î³á½·Î± .F 87.á¼Î»Îµá½»ÏιοιΠá¼Î¸Î½Î¿Ï Ïá¿Ï ἸαÏÏ Î³á½·Î±Ï .á¼ÎºÎ±Ïαá¿Î¿Ï Îá½Ïá½½Ïηι .F 88.ΧανδάνηΠÏá½¹Î»Î¹Ï á¼¸Î±ÏÏ Î³á½·Î±Ï .á¼ÎºÎ±Ïαá¿Î¿Ï Îá½Ïá½½Ïηι «á¼Î½ δὲ Χανδάνη Ïá½¹Î»Î¹Ï .μεÏá½° δὲ Î ÎµÏ ÎºÎ±á¿Î¿Î¹ .»F 89.Î ÎµÏ ÎºÎµÏίανÏεÏÎ á¼Î¸Î½Î¿Ï Ïοá¿Ï ÎἰνώÏÏÎ¿Î¹Ï ÏÏοÏεÏá½³Ï ,á½¡Ï á¼ÎºÎ±Ïαá¿Î¿Ï á¼Î½ Îá½Ïá½½Ïηι .
FÂ 60. Kyrnos: an island of Iapygia exposed to the north wind. So Hecataeus in âThe Europeâ.
FÂ 86. Iapygia: two cities. One on Italy and the other in Illyria. So Hecataeus. As ethnic name (there are) Iapyx, Iapygios, and Iapygia (fem.).FÂ 87. Eleutians: people in Iapygia. So Hecataeus in âThe Europeâ.FÂ 88. Chandane: city in Iapygia. So Hecataeus in âThe Europeâ: âThen comes the city of Chandane, thereafter the Peukaiansâ.FÂ 89. Peukeriantes: people contiguous to the Oenotrians. So Hecataeus in âThe Europeâ.
2 Pseudo-Scylax, Periplus Scylacis, 14 Müller (1855); Shipley (2011)
ÎεÏá½° δὲ Ïὴν ÎÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î½á½·Î±Î½ ἸάÏÏ Î³á½³Ï Îµá¼°Ïιν á¼Î¸Î½Î¿Ï μέÏÏι ὨÏá½·ÏÎ½Î¿Ï á½ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Ïοῦ á¼Î½ Ïá¿· κόλÏῳ Ïá¿· á¼Î´Ïá½·á¾³ .ΠαÏá½±ÏÎ»Î¿Ï Ï ÏαÏá½° Ïὴν ἸαÏÏ Î³á½·Î±Î½ á¼Î¾ ἡμεÏῶν καὶ á¼Î¾ Î½Ï ÎºÏῶν .á¼Î½ δὲ ÏῠἸαÏÏ Î³á½·á¾³ οἰκοῦÏιν á¼Î»Î»Î·Î½ÎµÏ ,καὶ Ïá½¹Î»ÎµÎ¹Ï Îµá¼°Ïὶν αἵδεΠἩÏάκλειον ,ÎεÏαÏόνÏιον ,ΤάÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ λιμὴν á½Î´ÏÎ¿á¿¦Ï á¼Ïὶ Ïá¿· Ïοῦ á¼Î´Ïá½·Î¿Ï á¼¢ Ïá¿· Ïοῦ á¼¸Î¿Î½á½·Î¿Ï Îºá½¹Î»ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏόμαÏι .
And after Leukania are the Iapyges, a community, as far as the Hyrion mountain in the Adrias (Adriatic) gulf. Coastal voyage beside Iapygia: six days and six nights. And in Iapygia live Hellenes, and the cities are as follows: Herakleion, Metapontion, Taras with a harbour. Hydrous upon the mouth of the Adrias or of the Ionios (Ionian) gulf.
3 Herodotus, Historiae, 3. 138, 1â4 Legrand (1960); Dewald, Waterfield (2008)
á¼Î½Î±ÏθένÏÎµÏ Î´á½² á¼Îº Ïá¿Ï ÎÏá½¹ÏÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î¿á¼± Î á½³ÏÏαι á¼ÎºÏá½·ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ïι Ïá¿Ïι Î½Î·Ï Ïὶ á¼Ï ἸηÏÏ Î³á½·Î·Î½ ,καί ÏÏÎµÎ±Ï Î´Î¿Ï Î»Îµá½»Î¿Î½ÏÎ±Ï á¼Î½Î¸Î±á¿¦Ïα Îá½·Î»Î»Î¿Ï á¼Î½á½´Ï ΤαÏανÏá¿Î½Î¿Ï ÏÏ Î³á½°Ï á¿¥Ï Ïá½±Î¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï á¼Ïήγαγε ÏαÏá½° βαÏιλέα ÎαÏεá¿Î¿Î½ .
During their voyage from Croton the Persians were shipwrecked at Iapygia. There they were enslaved, but a man from Tarentum called Gillus, an exile from his place of birth, rescued them and brought them back to King Darius.
4 Herodotus, Historiae, 4. 99. 4â5 Legrand (1960); Dewald, Waterfield (2008)
á¼ÏÏι Î³á½°Ï Ïá¿Ï Î£ÎºÏ Î¸Î¹Îºá¿Ï Ïá½° δύο μέÏεα Ïῶν οá½ÏÏν á¼Ï θάλαÏÏαν Ïá½³ÏονÏα ,Ïήν Ïε ÏÏá½¸Ï Î¼ÎµÏαμβÏίην καὶ Ïὴν ÏÏá½¸Ï Ïὴν ἠῶ ,καÏá½± ÏÎµÏ Ïá¿Ï á¼ÏÏικá¿Ï Ïá½½ÏηÏΠκαὶ ÏαÏαÏλήÏια ÏαύÏῠκαὶ οἱ ΤαῦÏοι νέμονÏαι Ïá¿Ï Î£ÎºÏ Î¸Î¹Îºá¿Ï ,á½¡Ï Îµá¼° Ïá¿Ï á¼ÏÏικá¿Ï á¼Î»Î»Î¿ á¼Î¸Î½Î¿Ï καὶ μὴ á¼Î¸Î·Î½Î±á¿Î¿Î¹ νεμοίαÏο Ïὸν Î³Î¿Ï Î½á½¸Î½ Ïὸν Î£Î¿Ï Î½Î¹Î±Îºá½¹Î½ ,μᾶλλον á¼Ï Ïὸν ÏόνÏον [Ïὴν á¼ÎºÏην ]á¼Î½á½³ÏονÏα ,Ïὸν á¼Ïὸ ÎοÏικοῦ μέÏÏι á¼Î½Î±ÏλύÏÏÎ¿Ï Î´á½µÎ¼Î¿Ï Î Î»á½³Î³Ï Î´á½² á½¡Ï Îµá¼¶Î½Î±Î¹ ÏαῦÏα ÏμικÏá½° μεγάλοιÏι ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î±Î»Îµá¿Î½ .ΤοιοῦÏο ἡ Î¤Î±Ï Ïική á¼ÏÏι .á½Ï δὲ Ïá¿Ï á¼ÏÏικá¿Ï ÏαῦÏα μὴ ÏαÏαÏá½³ÏλÏκε ,á¼Î³á½¼ δὲ á¼Î»Î»ÏÏ Î´Î·Î»á½½ÏÏÎ á½¡Ï Îµá¼° Ïá¿Ï ἸηÏÏ Î³á½·Î·Ï á¼Î»Î»Î¿ á¼Î¸Î½Î¿Ï καὶ μὴ ἸήÏÏ Î³ÎµÏ á¼Ïξάμενοι á¼Îº ÎÏενÏεÏá½·Î¿Ï Î»Î¹Î¼á½³Î½Î¿Ï á¼ÏοÏαμοίαÏο μέÏÏι ΤάÏανÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ νεμοίαÏο Ïὴν á¼ÎºÏην .Îύο δὲ λέγÏν ÏαῦÏα Ïολλὰ Î»á½³Î³Ï ÏαÏόμοια Ïοá¿Ïι á¼Î»Î»Î¿Î¹Ïι á¼Î¿Î¹ÎºÎµ ἡ Î¤Î±Ï Ïική .
The point is that, just like Attica, two sides of Scythiaâs borders reach the sea, to the south and to the east. The comparison with Attica would be very close if it were some other race, and not Athenians, who inhabited Cape Sunium (which would have to jut out further into the sea) from Thoricus to the village of Anaphlystus, just as Taurians inhabit this part of Scythia. That is what Taurian territory is likeâthough in saying this, I am comparing something small with something large. However, for the sake of those who have not sailed past this part of the coastline of Attica, I will put it another way. It is as if some other race, and not the Iapygians, were to have taken over the Iapygian headland from the Bay of Brundisium to Tarentum and were to be living there. I mention these two places as examples of a number of other places which Taurian territory resembles.
5 Herodotus, Historiae, 7. 170, 1â19 Legrand (1960); Dewald, Waterfield (2008)
á¼¤ÎºÎ¿Ï Ïαν ,á¼ÏÏονÏο Ïá¿Ï ÏιμÏÏá½·Î·Ï .ÎέγεÏαι Î³á½°Ï ÎίνÏν καÏá½° ζήÏηÏιν ÎÎ±Î¹Î´á½±Î»Î¿Ï á¼Ïικόμενον á¼Ï Σικανίην Ïὴν νῦν Σικελίην καλεομένην á¼Ïοθανεá¿Î½ βιαίῳ θανάÏῳ .á¼Î½á½° δὲ ÏÏόνον ÎÏá¿ÏÎ±Ï Î¸ÎµÎ¿á¿¦ ÏÏá½³Î±Ï á¼ÏοÏÏύνανÏÎ¿Ï ,ÏάνÏÎ±Ï Ïλὴν ΠολιÏνιÏá½³Ïν Ïε καὶ Î ÏαιÏá½·Ïν ,á¼ÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Î¼á½³Î½Î¿Ï Ï ÏÏόλῳ μεγάλῳ á¼Ï Σικανίην ÏολιοÏκέειν á¼Ï âá¼Ïεα ÏένÏε Ïόλιν Îαμικόν ,Ïὴν ÎºÎ±Ï âá¼Î¼á½² á¼ÎºÏαγανÏá¿Î½Î¿Î¹ á¼Î½á½³Î¼Î¿Î½ÏοΠÏá½³Î»Î¿Ï Î´á½² Î¿á½ Î´Ï Î½Î±Î¼á½³Î½Î¿Ï Ï Î¿á½Ïε á¼Î»Îµá¿Î½ οá½Ïε ÏαÏαμένειν λιμῷ ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏÏεῶÏÎ±Ï ,á¼ÏολιÏόνÏÎ±Ï Î¿á¼´ÏεÏθαι .á½©Ï Î´á½² καÏá½° ἸηÏÏ Î³á½·Î·Î½ γενέÏθαι ÏλέονÏÎ±Ï ,á½ÏολαβόνÏα ÏÏá½³Î±Ï Ïειμῶνα μέγαν á¼ÎºÎ²Î±Î»Îµá¿Î½ á¼Ï Ïὴν γá¿Î½Î ÏÏ Î½Î±ÏαÏθένÏÏν δὲ Ïῶν ÏλοίÏν (οá½Î´ÎµÎ¼á½·Î±Î½ Î³á½±Ï ÏÏι á¼Ïι κομιδὴν á¼Ï ÎÏá½µÏην ÏαίνεÏθαι ),á¼Î½Î¸Î±á¿¦Ïα á½Ïίην Ïόλιν κÏá½·ÏανÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±Ïαμεá¿Î½Î±á½· Ïε καὶ μεÏαβαλόνÏÎ±Ï á¼Î½Ïὶ μὲν ÎÏηÏῶν γενέÏθαι ἸήÏÏ Î³Î±Ï ÎεÏÏαÏá½·Î¿Ï Ï ,á¼Î½Ïὶ δὲ â¨Ïοῦ â©Îµá¼¶Î½Î±Î¹ νηÏιώÏÎ±Ï á¼ ÏειÏá½½ÏÎ±Ï .á¼Ïὸ δὲ á½Ïá½·Î·Ï Ïá½¹Î»Î¹Î¿Ï Ïá½°Ï á¼Î»Î»Î±Ï οἰκίÏαι ,Ïá½°Ï Î´á½´ ΤαÏανÏá¿Î½Î¿Î¹ ÏÏόνῳ á½ÏÏεÏον Ïολλῷ á¼Î¾Î±Î½Î¹ÏÏάνÏÎµÏ ÏÏοÏá½³ÏÏαιÏαν μεγάλÏÏ á½¥ÏÏε Ïá½¹Î½Î¿Ï á¼Î»Î»Î·Î½Î¹Îºá½¸Ï μέγιÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¿á½ÏÎ¿Ï Î´á½´ á¼Î³á½³Î½ÎµÏο ÏάνÏÏν Ïῶν ἡμεá¿Ï ἴδμεν ,αá½Ïῶν Ïε ΤαÏανÏίνÏν καὶ ῬηγίνÏν .
For there is a story that Minosâ search for Daedalus took him to Sicania (now called Sicily), where he met a violent death. After a while, at the godâs urging, all the Cretans except the Polichnians and the Praesians launched a major military strike against Sicania. For five years there they besieged the town of Camicus (which is inhabited nowadays by people originally from Acragas), but they were unable to take it, and could not stay any longer either since they were faced with starvation, so they eventually abandoned the siege and set off back home. During their return voyage, when they were off Iapygia they met a heavy storm and were driven ashore. Their boats were wrecked and they could no longer find any way of getting back to Crete, so they stayed where they were, founded the community of Hyria, and became Messapians of Iapygia instead of Cretans, exchanging life on an island for life on the mainland. Now, various colonies were founded from Hyria, and it was these colonies that the people of Tarentum were trying to lay waste, many years later, when they suffered a major defeat. In fact, this is the greatest slaughter of a Greek population that we know of. It was not only the people of Tarentum who were involved in the disaster, but the citizens of Rhegium too, who went to support the Tarentines, at the insistence of Micythus the son of Choerus. Three thousand died from Rhegium, and there was no counting the number of Tarentines who lost their lives. Micythus, a former house-slave of Anaxilaus, had been left in charge of Rhegium; he was the man who was banished from Rhegium, moved to Tegea in Arcadia, and set up all those statues in Olympia.
6 Thucydides, Historiae, 7. 33, 3â5. Jones, Powell (1967â1970); Hammond (2009)
ὠδὲ ÎημοÏÎ¸á½³Î½Î·Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ Îá½ÏÏ Î¼á½³Î´Ïν ,á¼ÏÎ¿á½·Î¼Î·Ï á¼¤Î´Î· Ïá¿Ï ÏÏÏαÏÎ¹á¾¶Ï Î¿á½ÏÎ·Ï á¼Îº Ïε Ïá¿Ï ÎεÏκύÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ á¼Ïὸ Ïá¿Ï á¼ ÏείÏÎ¿Ï ,á¼ÏεÏαιώθηÏαν Î¾Ï Î¼Ïá½±Ïá¿ Ïá¿ ÏÏÏαÏιᾷ Ïὸν Ἰόνιον á¼Ï âá¼ÎºÏαν ἸαÏÏ Î³á½·Î±Î½Î ÎºÎ±á½¶ á½ÏμηθένÏÎµÏ Î±á½Ïόθεν καÏá½·ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ïιν á¼Ï Ïá½°Ï Î§Î¿Î¹Ïá½±Î´Î±Ï Î½á½µÏÎ¿Ï Ï á¼¸Î±ÏÏ Î³á½·Î±Ï ,καὶ á¼ÎºÎ¿Î½ÏιÏÏá½±Ï Ïá½³ ÏÎ¹Î½Î±Ï Ïῶν ἸαÏύγÏν ÏενÏήκονÏα καὶ á¼ÎºÎ±Ïὸν Ïοῦ ÎεÏÏαÏá½·Î¿Ï á¼Î¸Î½Î¿Ï Ï á¼Î½Î±Î²Î¹Î²á½±Î¶Î¿Î½Ïαι á¼Ïὶ Ïá½°Ï Î½Î±á¿¦Ï ,καὶ Ïá¿· á¼ÏÏá¾³ ,á½ ÏÏÎµÏ ÎºÎ±á½¶ ÏÎ¿á½ºÏ á¼ÎºÎ¿Î½ÏιÏÏá½°Ï Î´Ï Î½á½±ÏÏÎ·Ï á½¢Î½ ÏαÏá½³ÏÏεÏο αá½Ïοá¿Ï ,á¼Î½Î±Î½ÎµÏÏάμενοί Ïινα Ïαλαιὰν Ïιλίαν á¼ÏικνοῦνÏαι á¼Ï ÎεÏαÏόνÏιον Ïá¿Ï ἸÏÎ±Î»á½·Î±Ï .
Meanwhile Demosthenes and Eurymedon, their recruitment from Corcyra and the mainland now complete, took their whole armament across the Ionian Gulf to the promontory of Iapygia. Setting out again from there they touched at the Iapygian islands called the Choerades and took on board their ships a hundred and fifty Iapygian javelin-men of the Messapian race offered by a local dynast, Artas, with whom they renewed an old friendship. They then reached Metapontium in Italy,
7 Phileas, apud Steph. Byz., FÂ 10, 1â2 Meineke (1958).
Î¦Î¹Î»á½³Î±Ï âá¼ÏÏι δὲ καὶ ἸαÏÏ Î³á½·Î±Ï ÏολιÏμάÏιον á¼Î½ Î ÎµÏ ÎºÎµÏá½·Î¿Î¹Ï Î¿á½ÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Ï âá½Ïθὴν λεγόμενον á¼Î²Ï δον â.
Phileas: âAmong the Peuketians there is also a small Iapygian town which is so rightly called Abydonâ.
8 Hellanicus, apud Dionysius Halicarnassensis, Antiquitates Romanae, 1.22.3.1â9 Jacoby (1885). Cary (1937)
Ïὸ μὲν δὴ Σικελικὸν Î³á½³Î½Î¿Ï Î¿á½ÏÏÏ á¼Î¾á½³Î»Î¹Ïεν ἸÏαλίαν ,á½¡Ï Î¼á½²Î½ á¼Î»Î»á½±Î½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï á½ Îá½³ÏÎ²Î¹á½¹Ï ÏηÏι ,ÏÏá½·Ïῠγενεᾷ ÏÏá½¹ÏεÏον Ïῶν ΤÏÏικῶν á¼Î»ÎºÏ á½¹Î½Î·Ï á¼±ÎµÏÏÎ¼á½³Î½Î·Ï á¼Î½ á¼Ïγει καÏá½° Ïὸ á¼ÎºÏον καὶ εἰκοÏÏὸν á¼ÏÎ¿Ï .δύο δὲ ÏοιεῠÏÏá½¹Î»Î¿Ï Ï á¼¸ÏÎ±Î»Î¹ÎºÎ¿á½ºÏ Î´Î¹Î±Î²á½±Î½ÏÎ±Ï Îµá¼°Ï Î£Î¹ÎºÎµÎ»á½·Î±Î½Î Ïὸν μὲν ÏÏá½¹ÏεÏον á¼Î»á½»Î¼Ïν ,οá½Ï ÏηÏιν á½Ï âÎἰνώÏÏÏν á¼Î¾Î±Î½Î±ÏÏá¿Î½Î±Î¹ ,Ïὸν δὲ μεÏá½° ÏοῦÏον á¼Ïει ÏέμÏÏῳ γενόμενον Îá½ÏόνÏν ἸάÏÏ Î³Î±Ï ÏÎµÏ Î³á½¹Î½ÏÏνÎ
In this manner the Sicel nation left Italy, according to Hellanicus of Lesbos, in the third generation before the Trojan war, and in the twenty-sixth year of the priesthood of Alcyonê at Argos. But he says that two Italian expeditions passed over into Sicily, the first consisting of the Elymians, who had been driven out of their country by the Oenotrians, and the second, five years later, of the Ausonians, who fled from the Iapygians.
9 Antiochus, fr. 14 Jacoby, apud Strabo 6. 3. 2 Meineke (1887); Jones (1924)
Ïὸν δὲ Φάλανθον á¼ÏεμÏαν Îµá¼°Ï Î¸ÎµÎ¿á¿¦ ÏεÏὶ á¼ÏοικίαÏΠὠδ âá¼ÏÏηÏε
â
ΣαÏá½»Ïιόν Ïοι δῶκα ΤάÏανÏá½± Ïε Ïίονα δá¿Î¼Î¿Î½
οἰκá¿Ïαι ,καὶ Ïá¿Î¼Î± ἸαÏύγεÏÏι γενέÏθαι .â
ἧκον οá½Î½ Ïὺν Φαλάνθῳ οἱ ΠαÏθενίαι ,καὶ á¼Î´á½³Î¾Î±Î½Ïο αá½ÏÎ¿á½ºÏ Î¿á¼µ Ïε βάÏβαÏοι καὶ οἱ ÎÏá¿ÏÎµÏ Î¿á¼± ÏÏοκαÏαÏÏόνÏÎµÏ Ïὸν Ïá½¹Ïον .ÏούÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î´ âεἶναί ÏαÏι ÏÎ¿á½ºÏ Î¼ÎµÏá½° Îá½·Î½Ï ÏλεύÏανÏÎ±Ï Îµá¼°Ï Î£Î¹ÎºÎµÎ»á½·Î±Î½ ,καὶ μεÏá½° Ïὴν á¼ÎºÎµá½·Î½Î¿Ï ÏÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Ïὴν Ïὴν á¼Î½ Îαμικοá¿Ï ÏαÏá½° ÎÏκάλῳ ÏÏ Î¼Î²á¾¶Ïαν á¼Ïá½±ÏανÏÎ±Ï á¼Îº Î£Î¹ÎºÎµÎ»á½·Î±Ï ÎºÎ±Ïá½° δὲ Ïὸν á¼Î½á½±ÏÎ»Î¿Ï Î½ δεῦÏο ÏαÏÏÏθένÏÎ±Ï ,ὧν ÏÎ¹Î½á½°Ï á½ÏÏεÏον ÏεζῠÏεÏιελθόνÏÎ±Ï Ïὸν á¼Î´Ïίαν μέÏÏι ÎÎ±ÎºÎµÎ´Î¿Î½á½·Î±Ï ÎοÏÏÎ¹Î±á½·Î¿Ï Ï ÏÏοÏαγοÏÎµÏ Î¸á¿Î½Î±Î¹ .ἸάÏÏ Î³Î±Ï Î´á½² λεÏθá¿Î½Î±Î¹ ÏάνÏÎ±Ï ÏαÏὶ μέÏÏι Ïá¿Ï ÎÎ±Ï Î½á½·Î±Ï á¼Ïὸ ἸάÏÏ Î³Î¿Ï ,á½Î½ á¼Îº ÎÏá½µÏÏÎ·Ï Î³Ï Î½Î±Î¹Îºá½¸Ï Îαιδάλῳ γενέÏθαι ÏαÏὶ καὶ ἡγήÏαÏθαι Ïῶν ÎÏηÏῶνÎ
Phalanthus, however, was sent to the temple of the god to consult with reference to founding a colony; and the god responded, âI give to thee Satyrium, both to take up thine abode in the rich land of Taras and to become a bane to the Iapygians.â Accordingly, the Partheniae went thither with Phalanthus, and they were welcomed by both the barbarians and the Cretans who had previously taken possession of the place. These latter, it is said, are the people who sailed with Minos to Sicily, and, after his death, which occurred at the home of Cocalus in Camici, set sail from Sicily; but on the voyage back they were driven out of their course to Taras, although later some of them went afoot around the Adrias as far as Macedonia and were called Bottiaeans. But all the people as far as Daunia, it is said, were called Iapyges, after Iapyx, who is said to have been the son of Daedalus by a Cretan woman and to have been the leader of the Cretans.
10 Hephorus, apud Strabo, 6.1.12, 25â26 Meineke (1887); Jones (1924)
á¾¤ÎºÎ¿Ï Î½ δὲ ἸάÏÏ Î³ÎµÏ Ïὸν ÎÏá½¹ÏÏνα ÏÏá½¹ÏεÏον ,á½¡Ï á¼ÏοÏá½¹Ï ÏηÏι .
Kalabria: the Messapia country. Rinthon
11 Rinthon fr. 20. apud Hesychius, Lexikon, κ 380.1 Völker (1887)
ÎαλαβÏίανΠÏὴν ÎεÏÏαÏίαν Ïá½½Ïαν .ῬίνθÏν .
Kalabria: the Messapia country. Rinthon.
12 Lykophron, Alexandra, 856â858; 911-1002-1007; Mascialino (1964); Mair (1939)
1002â1007
ÎÏοÏÏνιᾶÏαι δ âá¼ÏÏÏ Ïá½³ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ïίν ÏοÏε á¼Î¼Î±Î¶á½¹Î½Î¿Ï ÏθέÏÏανÏÎµÏ á¼ÏÏομον κόÏην ,ÎλήÏην ,á¼Î½Î±ÏÏαν Ïá¿Ï á¼ÏÏÎ½á½»Î¼Î¿Ï Ïá½±ÏÏÎ±Ï .Ïολλοὶ δὲ ÏÏá½¹Ïθεν γαá¿Î±Î½ á¼Îº ÎºÎµá½·Î½Î·Ï á½Î´á½°Î¾ δάÏÎ¿Ï Ïι ÏÏηνιÏθένÏÎµÏ Î¿á½Î´ âá¼ÏÎµÏ ÏόνÏν Ïá½»ÏÎ³Î¿Ï Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÏÏαίÏÎ¿Ï Ïι ÎÎ±Ï Ïá½µÏÎ·Ï Î³á½¹Î½Î¿Î¹ .
And the men of Croton shall sack the city of the Amazon, destroying the dauntless maiden Clete, queen of the land that bears her name. But, ere that, many shall be laid low by her hand and bite the dust with their teeth, and not without labour shall the sons of Laureta sack the towers.
856â858
ἥξει δὲ Σá¿Ïιν καὶ ÎÎ±ÎºÎ¹Î½á½·Î¿Ï Î¼Ï ÏÎ¿á½»Ï ,á¼Î½ οἷÏι Ïá½¹ÏÏÎ¹Ï á½ÏÏαÏον Ïεύξει θεᾷ á½ÏλοÏμίᾳ ÏÏ Ïοá¿Ïιν á¼Î¾Î·Ïκημένον .
And he shall come to Siris and the recesses of Lacinium, wherein a heifer shall fashion an orchard for the goddess Hopolosmia, furnished with trees.
911â913
Τὸν δ âÎá¼°Ïá½±ÏÎ¿Ï Ïε ῥεá¿Î¸Ïα καὶ βÏαÏá½»ÏÏÎ¿Î»Î¹Ï ÎἰνÏÏÏá½·Î±Ï Î³á¿Ï κεγÏÏίνῠβεβÏÏμένον ÎÏίμιÏα ÏιÏÏοῦ δέξεÏαι μιαιÏόνον .
Another shall the streams of Aesarus and the little city of Crimisa in the Oenotrian land receive.
919â929
ÎÏá¾¶Î¸Î¹Ï Î´á½² Ïá½»Î¼Î²Î¿Ï Ï á½ÏεÏαι Î´ÎµÎ´Î¿Ï Ïá½¹ÏÎ¿Ï ,εá½Ïὰξ á¼Î»Î±á½·Î¿Ï ΠαÏαÏá½³ÏÏ á¼Î½Î±ÎºÏá½¹ÏÏν ,ÎÎ±á½»Î±Î¹Î¸Î¿Ï á¼Î½Î¸Î± ÏÏá½¸Ï ÎºÎ»á½»Î´Ïν âá¼ÏεύγεÏαι .κÏενοῦÏι δ âαá½Ïὸν Îá½ÏÎ¿Î½ÎµÏ Î ÎµÎ»Î»á½µÎ½Î¹Î¿Î¹ βοηδÏομοῦνÏα ÎινδίÏν ÏÏÏαÏηλάÏÎ±Î¹Ï ,οá½Ï Ïá¿Î»Îµ ÎεÏμύδÏÎ¿Ï Ïε ÎαÏÏá½±Î¸Î¿Ï Ï âá½Ïῶν ÏλάνηÏÎ±Ï Î±á¼´Î¸Ïν ÎÏαÏÎºá½·Î±Ï ÏέμÏει κύÏν ,ξένην á¼ÏοικήÏονÏÎ±Ï á½Î¸Î½Îµá½·Î±Î½ Ïθόνα .á¼Î½ δ âαὠÎÎ±Îºá½±Î»Î»Î¿Î¹Ï Ïηκὸν á¼Î³ÏÏÏοι μέγαν á½Ïá½²Ï Ïá½±ÏÏν δείμανÏÎµÏ Î±á¼°Î±Î½á¿ Î¸Îµá½¸Î½ λοιβαá¿Ïι ÎºÏ Î´Î±Î½Î¿á¿¦Ïι καὶ θύÏÎ¸Î»Î¿Î¹Ï Î²Î¿á¿¶Î½ .
And Crathis shall see his tomb when he is dead, sideways from the shrine of Alaeus of Patara, where Nauaethus belches seaward. The Ausonian Pellenians shall slay him when he aids the leaders of the Lindians, whom far from Thermydron and the mountains of Carpathus the fierce hound Thrascias shall send wandering to dwell in a strange and alien soil. But in Macalla, again, the people of the place shall build a great shrine above his grave and glorify him as an everlasting god with libations and sacrifice of oxen.
13 Theocritus, Idyllia 4. 15â37 Gow (1952); Edmonds (1912)
ÎÎ .Ïá½µÎ½Î±Ï Î¼á½²Î½ δή Ïοι Ïá¾¶Ï Ïá½¹ÏÏÎ¹Î¿Ï Î±á½Ïá½° λέλειÏÏαι Ïá½ ÏÏία .μὴ ÏÏá¿¶ÎºÎ±Ï ÏιÏίζεÏαι á½¥ÏÏÎµÏ á½ Ïá½³ÏÏιξ; ÎÎ .οὠÎᾶν ,á¼Î»Î» âὠκα μέν νιν á¼Ï âÎá¼°Ïá½±Ïοιο Î½Î¿Î¼Îµá½»Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ μαλακῶ Ïá½¹ÏÏοιο καλὰν Îºá½½Î¼Ï Î¸Î± δίδÏμι ,á¼Î»Î»Î¿ÎºÎ± δὲ ÏκαίÏει Ïὸ βαθύÏκιον á¼Î¼Ïὶ Îá½±ÏÏ Î¼Î½Î¿Î½ .ÎÎ .λεÏÏá½¸Ï Î¼á½°Î½ Ïá½ ÏαῦÏÎ¿Ï á½ ÏÏ ÏÏá½·ÏÎ¿Ï .αἴθε λάÏοιεν Ïοὶ Ïῶ ÎαμÏÏιάδα ,Ïοὶ δαμόÏαι ὠκκα θύÏνÏι Ïá¾· á¼Ïá¾³ ,ÏοιόνδεΠκακοÏÏá½±ÏμÏν Î³á½°Ï á½ Î´á¾¶Î¼Î¿Ï .ÎÎ .καὶ μὰν á¼Ï ÏÏομάλιμνον á¼Î»Î±á½»Î½ÎµÏαι á¼Ï Ïε Ïá½° ΦύÏÎºÏ ,καὶ ÏοÏὶ Ïὸν Îήαιθον ,á½ Ïá¾³ καλὰ ÏάνÏα ÏύονÏι ,αἰγίÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ κνύζα καὶ εá½á½½Î´Î·Ï μελίÏεια .ÎÎ .Ïεῦ Ïεῦ βαÏεῦνÏαι καὶ Ïαὶ Î²á½¹ÎµÏ ,ὦ Ïάλαν ÎἴγÏν ,Îµá¼°Ï á¼á½·Î´Î±Î½ ,ὠκα καὶ Ïὺ ÎºÎ±Îºá¾¶Ï á¼ Ïá½±ÏÏαο Î½á½·ÎºÎ±Ï ,Ïá¼ ÏῦÏιγξ εá½ÏῶÏι ÏαλύνεÏαι ,ἠν Ïοκ âá¼Ïάξα .ÎÎ .οὠÏήνα γ â,οὠÎύμÏÎ±Ï ,á¼Ïεὶ ÏοÏὶ Î á¿Ïαν á¼Ïá½³ÏÏÏν δῶÏον á¼Î¼Î¿á½· νιν á¼Î»ÎµÎ¹ÏενΠá¼Î³á½¼ δέ ÏÎ¹Ï Îµá¼°Î¼á½¶ μελικÏá½±Ï ,κεὠμὲν Ïá½° ÎÎ»Î±á½»ÎºÎ±Ï á¼Î³ÎºÏούομαι ,εὠδὲ Ïá½° Î á½»ÏÏÏ .Î±á¼°Î½á½³Ï Ïάν Ïε ÎÏá½¹ÏÏνα ââÎαλὰ Ïá½¹Î»Î¹Ï á¼ Ïε Îá½±ÎºÏ Î½Î¸Î¿Ï â¦ââκαὶ Ïὸ ÏοÏαῷον Ïὸ Îακίνιον ,á¾ÏÎµÏ á½ ÏύκÏÎ±Ï ÎἴγÏν á½Î³Î´á½½ÎºÎ¿Î½Ïα Î¼á½¹Î½Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±ÏεδαίÏαÏο Î¼á½±Î¶Î±Ï .Ïηνεὶ καὶ Ïὸν ÏαῦÏον á¼Ï âὤÏÎµÎ¿Ï á¼Î³Îµ ÏÎ¹á½±Î¾Î±Ï Ïá¾¶Ï á½ÏÎ»á¾¶Ï Îºá¼¤Î´Ïκ âá¼Î¼Î±ÏÏ Î»Î»á½·Î´Î¹ ,Ïαὶ δὲ Î³Ï Î½Î±á¿ÎºÎµÏ μακÏὸν á¼Î½á½±Ï Ïαν ,Ïá½ Î²Î¿Ï Îºá½¹Î»Î¿Ï á¼Î¾ÎµÎ³á½³Î»Î±ÏÏεν .
BA Look you now, yonder beast, sheâs nought but skin and bone. Pray, doth she feed on dewdrops like the cricket?
CO Zeus! No. Why, sometimes I graze her alone the Aesarus and give her a brave bottle of the tenderest green grass, and oftentimes her play-groundâs in the deep shade of Latymnus.
BA Aye, and the red-poll bull, heâs lean as can be. (bitterly again) I only would to god, when thereâs a sacrifice to Hera in their ward, the sons of Lampriadas might get such another6 as he: they are a foul mixen sort, they oâ that ward.
CO All the same that bullâs driven to the sea-lake and the Physcian border, and to that garden of good things, goat-flower, mullet, 7 sweet odorous balsam, to with Neaethus.
BA Heigho, poor Aegon! thy very kine must needs meet their death because thou art gone a-whoring after vainglory, and the herdsmanâs pipe thou once didst make thyself is all one mildew.
CO Nay, by the Nymphs, not it. He bequeathed it to me when he set out for Pisa. I too am something of a musician. Mark you, Iâm a dabster at Glaucèâs snatches and those ditties Pyrrhus makes:
O Croton is a bonny town as Zacynth by the sea,
And a bonny sight on her eastward height is the fane of Laciny,
Where boxer Milon one fine morn made fourscore loaves his meal,
And down the hill another day, while lasses hollaâd by the way,
To Amaryllis, laughing gay led the bull by the heel.
14 Nicander, apud Antonius Liberalis, Metamorphoses, 31 Cazzaniga (1962); Celoria (1992)
ÎÏ Îºá½±Î¿Î½Î¿Ï Ïοῦ αá½Ïá½¹ÏÎ¸Î¿Î½Î¿Ï á¼Î³á½³Î½Î¿Î½Ïο Ïαá¿Î´ÎµÏ ἸάÏÏ Î¾ καὶ ÎÎ±á½»Î½Î¹Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ Î ÎµÏ Îºá½³ÏÎ¹Î¿Ï .οá½Ïοι λαὸν á¼Î¸ÏοίÏανÏÎµÏ á¼ÏίκονÏο Ïá¿Ï ἸÏÎ±Î»á½·Î±Ï ÏαÏá½° Ïὸν á¼Î´ÏίανΠá¼Î¾ÎµÎ»á½±ÏανÏÎµÏ Î´á½² ÏÎ¿á½ºÏ á¼Î½ÏÎ±Ï Î¸Î¿á¿ Î¿á¼°ÎºÎ¿á¿¦Î½ÏÎ±Ï Îá½ÏÎ¿Î½Î±Ï Î±á½Ïοὶ καθιδÏύθηÏαν .ἦν δὲ Ïὸ Ïλέον αá½Ïοá¿Ï Ïá¿Ï ÏÏÏαÏÎ¹á¾¶Ï á¼Ïοικον ,á¼¸Î»Î»Ï Ïιοὶ ÎεÏÏá½±Ïιοι .á¼Ïεὶ δὲ Ïὸν ÏÏÏαÏὸν ἠμα καὶ Ïὴν γá¿Î½ á¼Î¼á½³ÏιÏαν ÏÏιÏῠκαὶ ὠνόμαÏαν á½¡Ï á¼Îºá½±ÏÏÎ¿Î¹Ï á¼¡Î³ÎµÎ¼á½¹Î½Î¿Ï â¨á½Î½Î¿Î¼Î± â©Îµá¼¶Ïε ÎÎ±Ï Î½á½·Î¿Ï Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ Î ÎµÏ ÎºÎµÏá½·Î¿Ï Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ ÎεÏÏαÏá½·Î¿Ï Ï ,Ïὸ μὲν á¼Ïὸ ΤάÏανÏÎ¿Ï á¼ÏÏι ÏÏá½¸Ï Ïὴν á¼ÏÏαÏιὰν Ïá¿Ï ἸÏÎ±Î»á½·Î±Ï á¼Î³á½³Î½ÎµÏο ÎεÏÏαÏá½·Ïν ,á¼Î½ á¾ Ïá½¹Î»Î¹Ï á¾¤ÎºÎ·Ïαι ÎÏενÏá½³Ïιον ,Ïὸ δὲ ÏαÏá½° Ïὴν â¨Î³á¿Î½ â©á¼Î½Ïá½¸Ï Ïοῦ ΤάÏανÏÎ¿Ï á¼Î³á½³Î½ÎµÏο Î ÎµÏ ÎºÎµÏá½·Ïν ,á¼Î½Î´Î¿Ïá½³ÏÏ Î´á½² ÏούÏÎ¿Ï â¨Ïὸ â©Ïá¿Ï θαλάÏÏÎ·Ï á¼Ïὶ Ïλέον â¨á¼Î³ÎµÎ½á½³Ïο â©ÎÎ±Ï Î½á½·Ïν ,Ïὸ δὲ ÏύμÏαν á¼Î¸Î½Î¿Ï ὠνόμαÏαν ἸαÏύγÏν .
Lycaon, sprung from the soil, had as sons Iapyx, Daunius and Peucetius. They gathered an army and arrived on the Adriatic side of Italy. They drove out the Ausonians who were living there and, instead, settled themselves there. Most of their army consisted of Illyrian settlers led by Messapius. When the army and the land was divided into three, they took the names of each of their leaders, Daunians, Peucetians and Messapians. The land from Tarentum to the tip of Italy became that of the Messapians, where stands the city of Brentesium. The land to this side of Tarentum became that of the Peucetians and, further on, the Daunians held most of the coast. The whole nation was called that of the Iapygians.
15 Polybius, Historiae, 3. 88. 3â5 Büttner-Wobst (1962â1967); Paton (1922â1927)
διελθὼν δὲ καὶ καÏαÏθείÏÎ±Ï Ïήν Ïε Î ÏαιÏεÏÏιανὴν καὶ Ïὴν á¼Î´Ïιανὴν á¼Ïι δὲ Ïὴν ÎαÏÏÎ¿Ï Îºá½·Î½Î·Î½ καὶ ΦÏενÏανὴν Ïá½½Ïαν á½¥ÏμηÏε ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿á½»Î¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï Ïὴν ÏοÏείαν Îµá¼°Ï Ïὴν ἸαÏÏ Î³á½·Î±Î½ .á¼§Ï Î´Î¹á¿ÏÎ·Î¼á½³Î½Î·Ï Îµá¼°Ï ÏÏεá¿Ï á½Î½Î¿Î¼Î±Ïá½·Î±Ï ,καὶ Ïῶν μὲν ÏÏοÏαγοÏÎµÏ Î¿Î¼á½³Î½Ïν ÎÎ±Ï Î½á½·Ïν , (Ïῶν δὲ Î ÎµÏ ÎºÎµÏá½·Ïν ),Ïῶν δὲ ÎεÏÏαÏá½·Ïν ,Îµá¼°Ï ÏÏá½½Ïην á¼Î½á½³Î²Î±Î»Îµ Ïὴν ÎÎ±Ï Î½á½·Î±Î½ .
After passing through and devastating the territories of Praetutia, Hadriana, Marrucina, and Frentana he marched on towards Iapygia. This province is divided among three peoples, the Daunii, Peucetii and Messapii, and it was the territory of the Daunii that Hannibal first invaded.
16 Polybius, Historiae, 10. 1. 1â4 Büttner-Wobst (1962â1967); Paton (1922â1927)
á½Î½ÏÏν Î³á½°Ï á¼Ïὸ Ïοῦ ÏοÏθμοῦ καὶ Ïá¿Ï ῬηγίνÏν ÏόλεÏÏ ÏÏαδίÏν Îµá¼°Ï Î¤á½±ÏανÏα ÏλειόνÏν á¼¢ διÏÏιλίÏν ,Îµá¼°Ï Ïá½³Î»Î¿Ï á¼Î»á½·Î¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Î½ εἶναι ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î±á½·Î½ÎµÎ¹ Ïὴν ÏÎ»ÎµÏ Ïὰν Ïá¿Ï ἸÏÎ±Î»á½·Î±Ï ÏαύÏην Ïλὴν Ïῶν á¼Î½ ΤάÏανÏι λιμένÏνΠἣ Ïá½³ÏÏαÏÏαι μὲν Îµá¼°Ï Ïὸ Σικελικὸν Ïá½³Î»Î±Î³Î¿Ï ,νεύει δὲ ÏÏá½¸Ï ÏÎ¿á½ºÏ ÎºÎ±Ïá½° Ïὴν á¼Î»Î»á½±Î´Î± Ïá½¹ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ,á¼Ïει δὲ Ïῶν Ïε βαÏβάÏÏν á¼Î¸Î½á¿¶Î½ Ïá½° ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏá½¹ÏαÏα καὶ Ïῶν á¼Î»Î»Î·Î½á½·Î´Ïν ÏόλεÏν Ïá½°Ï á¼ÏιÏανεÏÏá½±ÏÎ±Ï .ÎÏá½³ÏÏιοι Î³á½°Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ ÎÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î½Î¿á½¶ καί Ïινα μέÏη Ïῶν ÎÎ±Ï Î½á½·Ïν ,á¼Ïι δὲ ÎαλαβÏοὶ καὶ ÏÎ»Îµá½·Î¿Ï Ï á¼ÏεÏοι ÏοῦÏο Ïὸ κλá¿Î¼Î± νέμονÏαι Ïá¿Ï ἸÏαλίαÏÎ
The distance from the Sicilian strait and Rhegium to Tarentum is more than two thousand stades, but all this side of Italy has not a single harbour except those of Tarentum. This part of Italy faces the Sicilian Sea and verges towards Greece, and it contains the most populous barbarian tribes and the most famous Greek cities, being inhabited by the Bruttians, Lucanians, a portion of the Daunians, the Calabrians, and several other tribes, while on its coast lie Rhegium, Caulonia, Locri, Croton, Metapontum, and Thurii, so that those travelling either from Greece or from Sicily to any of the aforesaid places must of necessity anchor in the harbours of Tarentum, and make that city the seat of the exchange and traffic with all the inhabitants of this side of Italy.
17 Aegean Islands, IG XII, 3. 1299/1300. A. 23. 2â4 Hiller von Gaertringen F. (1898â1904)
ÎÎµÎ¾á½·Î¸ÎµÎ¿Ï Î§Î± [ââκαὶ ââ]ÎοάÏÏο [Ï ]Îαλαβ [ÏοίΠεá½ÎµÏγέÏαι ]καὶ ÏÏόξενοιÎ
Dexitheos son of Cha[ââand aââ]son of Zoarcho[s] Kalab[roÃ: benefactors]and public guests.
18 Diodorus, Bibliotheca Historica 8. 17. 1. 1â15 Oldfather (1939)
á½Ïι Îá½»ÏÎºÎµÎ»Î»á½¹Ï ÏÎ¹Ï á¼ÏÎ±Î¹á½¸Ï á½¢Î½ Ïὸ Î³á½³Î½Î¿Ï á¼Îº ῬύÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±ÏήνÏηÏεν Îµá¼°Ï ÎελÏÎ¿á½ºÏ ÎºÎ±á½¶ Ïὸν θεὸν á¼ÏηÏá½½ ÏηÏε ÏεÏὶ ÏέκνÏν γενέÏεÏÏΠἡ δὲ Î Ï Î¸á½·Î± á¼Î½Îµá¿Î»ÎµÎ½ οá½ÏÏÏÎ
Îá½»Ïκελλε βÏαÏύνÏÏε ,ÏÎ¹Î»Îµá¿ Ï âá¼Îºá½±ÎµÏÎ³Î¿Ï á¼ÏόλλÏν ,καὶ γενεὰν δώÏειΠÏόδε δὲ ÏÏá½¹ÏεÏόν Ïε κελεύει ,οἰκá¿Ïαί Ïε ÎÏá½¹ÏÏνα μέγαν καλαá¿Ï á¼Î½ á¼ÏούÏÎ±Î¹Ï .
Ïοῦ δὲ ÎÏá½¹ÏÏνα á¼Î³Î½Î¿Î¿á¿¦Î½ÏÎ¿Ï Îµá¼°Ïεá¿Î½ Ïάλιν Ïὴν Î Ï Î¸á½·Î±Î½ ,αá½Ïá½¹Ï Ïοι ÏÏάζει á¼ÎºÎ±ÏηβόλοÏÎ á¼Î»Î»á½° ÏÏ Î½á½·ÎµÎ¹ .οá½ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼á½²Î½ ΤάÏÎ¹á½¹Ï Ïοι á¼Î½á½µÏοÏÎ¿Ï ,ἥδε δὲ Î§Î±Î»Îºá½·Ï ,ἥδε δὲ ÎÎ¿Ï Ïá½µÏÏν â¦á¼¡ ἱεÏá½° Ïθών ,αἵδε δ âá¼ÏÎ¹Î½á½±Î´ÎµÏ Îµá¼°Ïá½·Î ÏÎ¿Î»á½ºÏ Î´ âá¼Ï âá¼ÏιÏÏεÏá½° ÏόνÏÎ¿Ï .οá½ÏÏ Ï âοá½Îº á¼Î½ Ïημι ÎÎ±ÎºÎ¹Î½á½·Î¿Ï á¼ÎºÏÎ¿Ï á¼Î¼Î±ÏÏεá¿Î½ οá½Î´ âἱεÏá¾¶Ï ÎÏιμίÏÎ·Ï Î¿á½Î´ âÎá¼°Ïá½±ÏÎ¿Ï ÏοÏαμοá¿Î¿ .
Myscellus, an Achaean by birth, went from Rhypê to Delphi and inquired of the god concerning the begetting of children. And the Pythian priestess gave him the following answer:
Myscellus, too short of back, beloved art thou
Of him, even Apollo, who works afar,
And he will give thee children; yet this first
Is his command, Croton the great to found
Amidst fair fields.
And since he did not understand the reference to Croton, the Pythian priestess gave answer a second time:
To thee the Far-darter in person now doth speak,
And give thou heed. Here lieth the Taphian land,
Untouched by plow, and Chalcis there, and there
The home of the Curetes, sacred soil,
And there the isles of the Echinades:
And on the islandsâ left a mighty sea.
This way thou cansât not miss the Lacinian Head,
Nor sacred Crimise, nor Aesarusâ stream.
19 Vergilius, Aeneis 3. 396â402. Mymors (1972); Williams (1910)
has autem terras Italique hanc litoris oram,proxima quae nostri perfunditur aequoris aestu,effuge; cuncta malis habitantur moenia Grais.hic et Narycii posuerunt moenia Locri,et Sallentinos obsedit milite camposLyctius Idomeneus; hic illa ducis Meliboeiparua Philoctetae subnixa Petelia muro.
But from these lands and yon Italian shore,where from this sea of ours the tide sweeps in,escape and flee, for all its cities holdpernicious Greeks, thy foes: the Locri therehave builded walls; the wide Sallentine fieldsare filled with soldiers of Idomeneus;there Meliboean Philoctetesâ town,Petilia, towers above its little wall.
20 Ovidius, Metamorphoses 15. 50â57. Miller, Goold (1977â1984); Lombardo (2010)
navigat Ionium Sallentinumque Neretumpraeterit et Sybarin Lacedaemoniumque TarentumSirinosque sinus Crimisenque et Iapygis arva,vixque pererratis, quae spectant aequora, terris,invenit Aesarei fatalia fluminis oranec procul hinc tumulum, sub quo sacrata Crotonisossa tegebat humus, iussaque ibi moenia terracondidit et nomen tumulati traxit in urbem.
[Myscelus] He sailed with the wind across the Ionian Sea,Passed by Salentine Neretum, by Sybaris,Spartan Tarentum, the Bay of Siris,Crimisa, and the Iapygian coast.He had just scanned those shores when he reachedThe destined mouth of the Aesar. Nearby,An earthen mound held Crotonâs sacred bones.
21 Nicolaus Damascenus, Fragmenta, fr. 101. 85â90 Müller (1841â1870); Toher (2017)
Îαá¿ÏÎ±Ï Î´ âá¼Î½á½µÏθη Ïοá¿Ï á¼ÏιÏÏ ÏοῦÏι ÏÎ»Î¿á½·Î¿Î¹Ï ,ÏÎµÎ¹Î¼á¿¶Î½Î¿Ï á¼Ïι á½Î½ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏαλεÏá½½ÏαÏα ,καὶ διαβαλὼν Ïὸν Ἰόνιον ÏόνÏον ,á¼´ÏÏει Ïá¿Ï ÎαλαβÏá½·Î±Ï Ïὴν á¼Î³Î³Î¹ÏÏα á¼ÎºÏαν ,á¼Î½Î¸Î± οá½Î´á½³Î½ ÏÏ ÏαÏá½²Ï Î´Î¹á½µÎ³Î³ÎµÎ»Ïο Ïοá¿Ï á¼Î½Î¿Î¹ÎºÎ¿á¿¦Ïι [ÏεÏὶ ]Ïοῦ á¼Î½ ῬώμῠνεÏÏεÏιÏμοῦ .á¼ÎºÎ²á½°Ï οá½Î½ ÏαύÏá¿ ÏÎµÎ¶á½¸Ï á½¥Î´ÎµÏ ÎµÎ½ á¼Ïὶ ÎÎ¿Ï Ïá½·Î±Ï .
Caesar made a perilous voyage on the ships that happened to be available there since it was still winter, and after crossing the Ionian Sea he made for the nearest promontory of Calabria. The inhabitants there could report nothing at all accurate about the upheaval at Rome, and so having departed from there he traveled on foot to Lupia.
22 Strabo, Geographica 6. 1. 11, 1â4 Meineke (1887); Jones (1924)
ÎεÏá½° δὲ Ïὸ Î£ÎºÏ Î»Î»á½µÏιον ἡ ÎÏοÏÏνιᾶÏÎ¹Ï Ïá½½Ïα καὶ Ïῶν ἸαÏύγÏν á¼ÎºÏαι ÏÏεá¿Ï .μεÏá½° δὲ ÏαύÏÎ±Ï Ïὸ Îακίνιον á¼ÏÎ±Ï á¼±ÎµÏόν ,ÏλούÏιόν ÏοÏε á½Ïá½±Ïξαν καὶ Ïολλῶν á¼Î½Î±Î¸Î·Î¼á½±ÏÏν μεÏÏόν .
After Scylletium comes the territory of the Crotoniates, and three capes of the Iapyges; and after these, the Lacinium, a temple of Hera, which at one time was rich and full of dedicated offerings.
23 Strabo, Geographica 6. 3. 1. 1â13 Meineke (1887); Jones (1924)
á¼ÏÎµÎ»Î·Î»Ï Î¸á½¹Ïι δ âἡμá¿Î½ Ïá½° ÏεÏὶ Ïὴν á¼ÏÏαίαν ἸÏαλίαν μέÏÏι ÎεÏαÏονÏá½·Î¿Ï Ïá½° ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏῠλεκÏέον .ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏá½´Ï Î´ âá¼ÏÏὶν ἡ ἸαÏÏ Î³á½·Î±Î ÏαύÏην δὲ καὶ ÎεÏÏαÏίαν καλοῦÏιν οἱ á¼Î»Î»Î·Î½ÎµÏ ,οἱ δ âá¼ÏιÏá½½Ïιοι καÏá½° μέÏη Ïὸ μέν Ïι ΣαλενÏá½·Î½Î¿Ï Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Î¿á¿¦Ïι Ïὸ ÏεÏὶ Ïὴν á¼ÎºÏαν Ïὴν ἸαÏÏ Î³á½·Î±Î½ ,Ïὸ δὲ ÎαλαβÏÎ¿á½»Ï .á½Ïá½²Ï ÏούÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏá½¹ÏβοÏÏοι Î ÎµÏ Îºá½³Ïιοί Ïá½³ εἰÏι καὶ Îαύνιοι καÏá½° Ïὴν á¼Î»Î»á½±Î´Î± διάλεκÏον ÏÏοÏαγοÏÎµÏ á½¹Î¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Î¹ ,οἱ δ âá¼ÏιÏá½½Ïιοι ÏᾶÏαν Ïὴν μεÏá½° ÏÎ¿á½ºÏ ÎαλαβÏÎ¿á½ºÏ á¼ÏÎ¿Ï Î»á½·Î±Î½ καλοῦÏιΠÏÎ¹Î½á½²Ï Î´ âαá½Ïῶν καὶ Ποίδικλοι λέγονÏαι ,καὶ μάλιÏÏα οἱ Î ÎµÏ Îºá½³Ïιοι .á¼ÏÏι δ âá¼ÏιÏεÏÏονηÏÎ¹á½±Î¶Î¿Ï Ïα ἡ ÎεÏÏαÏία Ïá¿· á¼Ïὸ ÎÏενÏεÏá½·Î¿Ï Î¼á½³ÏÏι ΤάÏανÏÎ¿Ï á¼°Ïθμῷ κλειομένη ÏÏαδίÏν δέκα καὶ ÏÏιακοÏá½·Ïν .
Now that I have traversed the regions of Old Italy as far as Metapontium, I must speak of those that border on them. And Iapygia borders on them. The Greeks call it Messapia, also, but the natives, dividing it into two parts, call one part (that about the Iapygian Cape) the country of the Salentini, and the other the country of the Calabri. Above these latter, on the north, are the Peucetii and also those people who in the Greek language are called Daunii, but the natives give the name Apulia to the whole country that comes after that of the Calabri, though some of them, particularly the Peucetii, are called Poedicli also. Messapia forms a sort of peninsula, since it is enclosed by the isthmus that extends from Brentesium as far as Taras, three hundred and ten stadia.
24 Strabo, Geographica 6. 3. 5. 1â17 Meineke (1887); Jones (1924)
Ἡ δ âá¼Î¾á¿Ï Ïῶν ἸαÏύγÏν Ïá½½Ïα ÏαÏαδόξÏÏ á¼ÏÏὶν á¼ÏÏείαΠá¼ÏιÏολá¿Ï Î³á½°Ï Ïαινομένη ÏÏαÏεá¿Î± εá½Ïá½·ÏκεÏαι Î²Î±Î¸á½»Î³ÎµÎ¹Î¿Ï ÏÏιζομένη ,á¼Î½Ï δÏοÏá½³Ïα δ âοá½Ïα εá½Î²Î¿ÏÎ¿Ï Î¿á½Î´á½²Î½ ἧÏÏον καὶ εá½Î´ÎµÎ½Î´ÏÎ¿Ï á½ÏᾶÏαι .εá½á½±Î½Î´ÏηÏε δέ ÏοÏε καὶ ÏοῦÏο ÏÏόδÏα Ïὸ ÏÏÏίον ÏύμÏαν καὶ á¼ÏÏε Ïá½¹Î»ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏιÏκαίδεκα ,á¼Î»Î»á½° νῦν Ïλὴν ΤάÏανÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ ÎÏενÏεÏá½·Î¿Ï Ïá¼Î»Î»Î± ÏολιÏμάÏιά á¼ÏÏινΠοá½ÏÏÏ á¼ÎºÏεÏόνηνÏαι .ÏÎ¿á½ºÏ Î´á½² ΣαλενÏá½·Î½Î¿Ï Ï ÎÏηÏῶν á¼ÏÎ¿á½·ÎºÎ¿Ï Ï ÏαÏίνΠá¼Î½Ïαῦθα δ âá¼ÏÏὶ καὶ Ïὸ Ïá¿Ï á¼Î¸Î·Î½á¾¶Ï ἱεÏὸν ÏλούÏιόν ÏοÏε á½Ïá½±Ïξαν ,καὶ á½ ÏκόÏÎµÎ»Î¿Ï ,á½Î½ καλοῦÏιν á¼ÎºÏαν ἸαÏÏ Î³á½·Î±Î½ ,ÏÎ¿Î»á½ºÏ á¼ÎºÎºÎµá½·Î¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï Îµá¼°Ï Ïὸ Ïá½³Î»Î±Î³Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ Ïá½°Ï ÏειμεÏÎ¹Î½á½°Ï á¼Î½Î±ÏÎ¿Î»á½±Ï ,á¼ÏιÏÏÏá½³ÏÏν δέ ÏÏÏ á¼Ïὶ Ïὸ Îακίνιον á¼Î½Ïαá¿Ïον á¼Ïὸ Ïá¿Ï á¼ÏÏá½³ÏÎ±Ï Î±á½Ïá¿· καὶ κλεá¿Î¿Î½ Ïὸ ÏÏόμα Ïοῦ ΤαÏανÏá½·Î½Î¿Ï Îºá½¹Î»ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏá½¸Ï Î±á½Ïόν .καὶ Ïá½° ÎεÏαύνια δ âá½Î¼Î¿á½·ÏÏ á½Ïη κλείει ÏÏá½¸Ï Î±á½Ïὸν Ïὸ ÏÏόμα Ïοῦ á¼¸Î¿Î½á½·Î¿Ï Îºá½¹Î»ÏÎ¿Ï ,καὶ á¼ÏÏι Ïὸ δίαÏμα á½ Ïον á¼ÏÏακοÏá½·Ïν ÏÏαδίÏν Ἡ δ âá¼Î¾á¿Ï Ïῶν ἸαÏύγÏν Ïá½½Ïα ÏαÏαδόξÏÏ á¼ÏÏὶν á¼ÏÏείαΠá¼ÏιÏολá¿Ï Î³á½°Ï Ïαινομένη ÏÏαÏεá¿Î± εá½Ïá½·ÏκεÏαι Î²Î±Î¸á½»Î³ÎµÎ¹Î¿Ï ÏÏιζομένη ,á¼Î½Ï δÏοÏá½³Ïα δ âοá½Ïα εá½Î²Î¿ÏÎ¿Ï Î¿á½Î´á½²Î½ ἧÏÏον καὶ εá½Î´ÎµÎ½Î´ÏÎ¿Ï á½ÏᾶÏαι .εá½á½±Î½Î´ÏηÏε δέ ÏοÏεκαὶ ÏοῦÏο ÏÏόδÏα Ïὸ ÏÏÏίον ÏύμÏαν καὶ á¼ÏÏε Ïá½¹Î»ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏιÏκαίδεκα ,á¼Î»Î»á½° νῦν Ïλὴν ΤάÏανÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ ÎÏενÏεÏá½·Î¿Ï Ïá¼Î»Î»Î± ÏολιÏμάÏιά á¼ÏÏινΠá¼Ï âαá½Ïοῦ ÏÏá½¹Ï Ïε Ïá½° ÎεÏαύνια καὶ ÏÏá½¸Ï Ïὸ Îακίνιον .
That part of the country of the Iapygians which comes next is fine, though in an unexpected way; for although on the surface it appears rough, it is found to be deep-soiled when ploughed, and although it is rather lacking in water, it is manifestly none the less good for pasturage and for trees. The whole of this district was once extremely populous; and it also had thirteen cities; but now, with the exception of Taras and Brentesium, all of them are so worn out by war that they are merely small towns. The Salentini are said to be a colony of the Cretans. The temple of Athene, once so rich, is in their territory, as also the look-out-rock called Cape Iapygia, a huge rock which extends out into the sea towards the winter sunrise, though it bends approximately towards the Lacinium, which rises opposite to it on the west and with it bars the mouth of the Tarantine Gulf. And with it the Ceraunian Mountains, likewise, bar the mouth of the Ionian Gulf; the passage across from it both to the Ceraunian Mountains and to the Lacinium is about seven hundred stadia.
25 Strabo, Geographica 6. 3. 5. 1â45 Meineke (1887); Jones (1924)
Ἡ δ âá¼Î¾á¿Ï Ïῶν ἸαÏύγÏν Ïá½½Ïα ÏαÏαδόξÏÏ á¼ÏÏὶν á¼ÏÏείαΠá¼ÏιÏολá¿Ï Î³á½°Ï Ïαινομένη ÏÏαÏεá¿Î± εá½Ïá½·ÏκεÏαι Î²Î±Î¸á½»Î³ÎµÎ¹Î¿Ï ÏÏιζομένη ,á¼Î½Ï δÏοÏá½³Ïα δ âοá½Ïα εá½Î²Î¿ÏÎ¿Ï Î¿á½Î´á½²Î½ ἧÏÏον καὶ εá½Î´ÎµÎ½Î´ÏÎ¿Ï á½ÏᾶÏαι .εá½á½±Î½Î´ÏηÏε δέ ÏοÏε καὶ ÏοῦÏο ÏÏόδÏα Ïὸ ÏÏÏίον ÏύμÏαν καὶ á¼ÏÏε Ïá½¹Î»ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏιÏκαίδεκα ,á¼Î»Î»á½° νῦν Ïλὴν ΤάÏανÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ ÎÏενÏεÏá½·Î¿Ï Ïá¼Î»Î»Î± ÏολιÏμάÏιά á¼ÏÏινΠοá½ÏÏÏ á¼ÎºÏεÏόνηνÏαι .ÏÎ¿á½ºÏ Î´á½² ΣαλενÏá½·Î½Î¿Ï Ï ÎÏηÏῶν á¼ÏÎ¿á½·ÎºÎ¿Ï Ï ÏαÏίνΠá¼Î½Ïαῦθα δ âá¼ÏÏὶ καὶ Ïὸ Ïá¿Ï á¼Î¸Î·Î½á¾¶Ï ἱεÏὸν ÏλούÏιόν ÏοÏε á½Ïá½±Ïξαν ,καὶ á½ ÏκόÏÎµÎ»Î¿Ï ,á½Î½ καλοῦÏιν á¼ÎºÏαν ἸαÏÏ Î³á½·Î±Î½ ,ÏÎ¿Î»á½ºÏ á¼ÎºÎºÎµá½·Î¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï Îµá¼°Ï Ïὸ Ïá½³Î»Î±Î³Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ Ïá½°Ï ÏειμεÏÎ¹Î½á½°Ï á¼Î½Î±ÏÎ¿Î»á½±Ï ,á¼ÏιÏÏÏá½³ÏÏν δέ ÏÏÏ á¼Ïὶ Ïὸ Îακίνιον á¼Î½Ïαá¿Ïον á¼Ïὸ Ïá¿Ï á¼ÏÏá½³ÏÎ±Ï Î±á½Ïá¿· καὶ κλεá¿Î¿Î½ Ïὸ ÏÏόμα Ïοῦ ΤαÏανÏá½·Î½Î¿Ï Îºá½¹Î»ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏá½¸Ï Î±á½Ïόν . [â¦]á¼Î¿Î¹ÎºÎµÎ½ οá½Î½ ÏεÏÏονήÏῳ Ïὸ ÏεÏιÏλεόμενον ÏÏÏίον á¼Îº ΤάÏανÏÎ¿Ï Îµá¼°Ï ÎÏενÏá½³ÏιονΠἡ δ âá¼Îº ÎÏενÏεÏá½·Î¿Ï ÏÎµÎ¶ÎµÏ Î¿Î¼á½³Î½Î· á½Î´á½¸Ï Îµá¼°Ï Ïὸν ΤάÏανÏα ,εá½Î¶á½½Î½á¿³ Î¼Î¹á¾¶Ï Î¿á½Ïα ἡμέÏÎ±Ï ,Ïὸν á¼°Ïθμὸν ÏοιεῠÏá¿Ï εἰÏÎ·Î¼á½³Î½Î·Ï ÏεÏÏονήÏÎ¿Ï ,ἣν ÎεÏÏαÏίαν Ïε καὶ ἸαÏÏ Î³á½·Î±Î½ καὶ ÎαλαβÏίαν καὶ ΣαλενÏίνην ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½á¿¶Ï Î¿á¼± Ïολλοὶ ÏÏοÏαγοÏÎµá½»Î¿Ï ÏιΠÏÎ¹Î½á½²Ï Î´á½² διαιÏοῦÏιν ,á½¡Ï á¼Î»á½³Î³Î¿Î¼ÎµÎ½ ÏÏá½¹ÏεÏον .
That part of the country of the Iapygians which comes next is fine, though in an unexpected way; for although on the surface it appears rough, it is found to be deep-soiled when ploughed, and although it is rather lacking in water, it is manifestly none the less good for pasturage and for trees. The whole of this district was once extremely populous; and it also had thirteen cities; but now, with the exception of Taras and Brentesium, all of them are so worn out by war that they are merely small towns. The Salentini are said to be a colony of the Cretans. The temple of Athene, once so rich, is in their territory, as also the look-out-rock called Cape Iapygia, a huge rock which extends out into the sea towards the winter sunrise, though it bends approximately towards the Lacinium, which rises opposite to it on the west and with it bars the mouth of the Tarantine Gulf. [â¦] So then, the district one sails around in going from Taras to Brentesium resembles a peninsula, and the overland journey from Brentesium to Taras, which is only a one dayâs journey for a man well-girt, forms the isthmus of the aforesaid peninsula; and this peninsula most people call by one general name Messapia, or Iapygia, or Calabria, or Salentina, although some divide it up, as I have said before.
26 Strabo, Geographica 7. 5. 7. 8â15. Meineke (1887); Jones (1924)
Ïῶν δὲ ÎαÏδανιαÏῶν εἰÏι καὶ οἱ ÎαλάβÏιοι ,ÏÎ±Ï âÎ¿á¼·Ï â¦Ïá½¹Î»Î¹Ï á¼ÏÏαία ,καὶ οἱ ÎÎ¿Ï Î½á½±Ïαι , [οἳ ]ÎÎ±á½·Î´Î¿Î¹Ï á¼Î¸Î½ÎµÎ¹ ÎÏᾳκίῳ ÏÏá½¸Ï á¼Ï ÏÏ Î½á½±ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ïιν .á¼Î³Ïιοι δ âá½Î½ÏÎµÏ Î¿á¼± ÎαÏδάνιοι ÏελέÏÏ ,á½¥Ïθ âá½Ïὸ Ïαá¿Ï κοÏÏá½·Î±Î¹Ï á½ÏύξανÏÎµÏ ÏÏήλαια á¼Î½Ïαῦθα διαίÏÎ±Ï Ïοιεá¿Ïθαι ,Î¼Î¿Ï Ïικá¿Ï δ âὠμÏÏ á¼ÏεμελήθηÏαν á¼Îµá½¶ ÏÏώμενοι καὶ αá½Î»Î¿á¿Ï καὶ Ïοá¿Ï á¼Î½ÏαÏοá¿Ï á½ÏÎ³á½±Î½Î¿Î¹Ï .οá½Ïοι μὲν οá½Î½ á¼Î½ ÏῠμεÏογαίᾳÎ
To the Dardaniatae belong also the Galabrii, among whom is an ancient city, and the Thunatae, whose country joins that of the Medi, a Thracian tribe on the east. The Dardanians are so utterly wild that they dig caves beneath their dung-hills and live there, but still they care for music, always making use of musical instruments, both flutes and stringed instruments. However, these people live in the interior.
27 Dionysius Periegetes, Orbis Terrarum Descriptio, 376â380 Brodersen (1994)
ΤάÏÎ±Ï Î´ âá¼Î»á½¸Ï á¼Î³Î³á½»Î¸Î¹ κεá¿Ïαι ,ἥν ÏÎ¿Ï âá¼Î¼Ï κλαίÏν á¼ÏολίÏÏαÏο καÏÏεÏá½¸Ï á¼ÏÎ·Ï .á¼Î¾Îµá½·Î·Ï δ âá¼Ïὶ Ïοá¿Ïι ÎαλαβÏá½·Î´Î¿Ï á¼¤Î¸ÎµÎ± Î³Î±á½·Î·Ï ,Ïῦλά Ï âἸηÏύγÏν ÏεÏÎ±Î½Ï Ïμένα μεÏÏ âá½Ïίοιο ÏαÏÎ±Î»á½·Î·Ï .
Tarentum, instead, lies on the sea, which once the powerful Ares Amicleus founded. Immediately after there were the peoples of the Calabrian land, the tribes of the Iapygians, spread out as far as the maritime city of Hryon.
28. Plutarchus, Timoleon 31. 2â3. Perrin (1918).
γενομένÏν δὲ ÏούÏÏν καὶ Ïοῦ ΤιμολέονÏÎ¿Ï Îµá¼°Ï ÎÎ±Î»Î±Ï Ïίαν ÏÏÏαÏεύÏανÏÎ¿Ï ,ὠἹκέÏÎ·Ï á¼Î¼Î²Î±Î»á½¼Î½ Îµá¼°Ï Ïὴν Î£Ï ÏÎ±ÎºÎ¿Ï Ïίαν λείαν Ïε ÏÏ Ïνὴν á¼Î»Î±Î²Îµ καὶ Ïολλὰ Î»Ï Î¼Î·Î½á½±Î¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ ÎºÎ±Î¸Ï Î²Ïá½·ÏÎ±Ï á¼ÏηλλάÏÏεÏο ÏÎ±Ï âαá½Ïὴν Ïὴν ÎÎ±Î»Î±Ï Ïίαν ,καÏαÏÏονῶν Ïοῦ ΤιμολέονÏÎ¿Ï á½Î»á½·Î³Î¿Ï Ï ÏÏÏαÏιώÏÎ±Ï á¼ÏονÏÎ¿Ï .á¼ÎºÎµá¿Î½Î¿Ï δὲ ÏÏολαβεá¿Î½ á¼á½±ÏÎ±Ï á¼Î´á½·Ïκεν á¼±ÏÏεá¿Ï á¼ÏÏν καὶ ÏÎ¹Î»Î¿á½»Ï ,αἰÏÎ¸á½¹Î¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï Î´á½² ὠἹκέÏÎ·Ï Ïὸν ÎÎ±Î¼Ï Ïίαν Î´Î¹Î±Î²ÎµÎ²Î·Îºá½½Ï á½Ïá½³ÏÏη ÏαÏá½° Ïὸν ÏοÏαμὸν á½¡Ï á¼Î¼Ï Î½Î¿á½»Î¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï :καὶ Î³á½°Ï Î±á½Ïá¿· θάÏÏÎ¿Ï á¼¥ Ïε Ïοῦ Ïá½¹ÏÎ¿Ï ÏαλεÏá½¹ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ Ïὸ κÏÎ·Î¼Î½á¿¶Î´ÎµÏ Ïá¿Ï á¼ÎºÎ±Ïá½³ÏÏθεν á½ÏÎ¸Î·Ï ÏαÏεá¿Ïε .
And after this, when Timoleon was on an expedition to Calauria, Hicetas burst into the territory of Syracuse, took much booty, wrought much wanton havoc, and was marching off past Calauria itself, despising Timoleon, who had but few soldiers. But Timoleon suffered him to pass on, and then pursued him with cavalry and light-armed troops. When Hicetas was aware of this, he crossed the river Damurias, and halted on the farther bank to defend himself; for the difficulty of the passage, and the steepness of the banks on either side, gave him courage.
29 Pseudo-Plutarchus , De fluviis 4. 1. 1â8. Müller (1861); Goodwin (1874)
Îá½±Î³Î³Î·Ï ÏοÏÎ±Î¼á½¹Ï á¼ÏÏι Ïá¿Ï á¼¸Î½Î´á½·Î±Ï ,Ïὴν ÏÏοÏηγοÏίαν λαβὼν δι âαἰÏίαν ÏοιαύÏην .Ἰνδῷ ÏÎ¹Ï ÎÎ±Î»Î±Ï Ïία νύμÏη á¼Î³á½³Î½Î½Î·Ïεν Ï á¼±á½¸Î½ κάλλει ÏεÏίβλεÏÏον ,Ïοá½Î½Î¿Î¼Î± Îάγγην .Îá½ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±ÏηβαÏá½µÏÎ±Ï ÏῠμηÏÏὶ ÎºÎ±Ï âá¼Î³Î½Î¿Î¹Î±Î½ ÏÏ Î½ÎµÎ³á½³Î½ÎµÏο .Τῠδ âá¼ÏιούÏá¿ Ïῶν ἡμεÏῶν ÏαÏá½° Ïá¿Ï ÏÏοÏοῦ μαθὼν Ïὴν á¼Î»á½µÎ¸ÎµÎ¹Î±Î½ διὰ λύÏÎ·Ï á½ÏεÏβολὴν á¼Î±Ï Ïὸν á¼ÏÏιÏεν Îµá¼°Ï ÏοÏαμὸν ΧλιαÏὸν καλούμενον ,á½Ï á¼Ï âαá½Ïοῦ Îá½±Î³Î³Î·Ï Î¼ÎµÏÏνομάÏθη .
Ganges is a river in India, so called for this reason. A certain Calaurian nymph had by Indus a son called Ganges, conspicuous for his beauty. Who growing up to manhood, being once desperately overcome with wine, in the heat of his intoxication lay with his mother. The next day he was informed by the nurse of what he had done; and such was the excess of his sorrow, that he threw himself into a river called Chliarus, afterwards called Ganges from his own name.
30 Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio, 6. 6. 11. 1â8. Spiro (1903); Fontenrose (1974); Jones, Ormerod (1918)
ἦν δὲ αá½Ïη γÏαÏá¿Ï μίμημα á¼ÏÏÎ±á½·Î±Ï .νεανίÏÎºÎ¿Ï Î£á½»Î²Î±ÏÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ ÎάλαβÏá½¹Ï Ïε ÏοÏÎ±Î¼á½¸Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ Îύκα Ïηγή ,ÏÏá½¸Ï Î´á½² á¼¥Ïα Ïε καὶ ΤεμέÏα ἦν ἡ Ïá½¹Î»Î¹Ï ,á¼Î½ δέ ÏÏιÏι καὶ δαίμÏν ὠνÏινα á¼Î¾á½³Î²Î±Î»ÎµÎ½ á½ Îá½Î¸Ï Î¼Î¿Ï ,ÏÏόαν Ïε Î´ÎµÎ¹Î½á¿¶Ï Î¼á½³Î»Î±Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ Ïὸ Îµá¼¶Î´Î¿Ï á¼ Ïαν á¼Ï Ïá½° μάλιÏÏα ÏοβεÏá½¹Ï ,Î»á½»ÎºÎ¿Ï Î´á½² á¼Î¼Ïá½·ÏÏεÏο δέÏμα á¼Ïθá¿Ïα Î á¼ÏίθεÏο δὲ καὶ á½Î½Î¿Î¼Î± ÎύβανÏα Ïá½° á¼Ïὶ ÏῠγÏαÏῠγÏάμμαÏα .
It was a copy of an old picture. There were a stripling, Sybaris, a river, Kalabros, and a spring, Lyca. Besides, there were Hera and the city of Temesa, and in the midst was the ghost that Euthymus cast out. Horribly black in color, and exceedingly dreadful in all his appearance, he had a wolfâs skin thrown round him as a garment. The letters on the picture gave his name as Alybas.
31 Scholia In Homerum, Scholia in Iliadem 13. 459. 2â7. Heyne (1834)
ΤÏÎ¿á½·Î±Ï á¼Î»Î¿á½»ÏÎ·Ï ,Îá¼°Î½Îµá½·Î±Ï ,á¼Î³Ïá½·Ïην ÏαÏαλαβὼν Ïὸν ÏαÏá½³Ïα ,á¼ÏÏ Î³Îµ .ÎÎ±Ï Î±Î³á½·á¿³ δὲ ÏεÏιÏεÏὼν ÏεÏὶ Ïὸν á¼Î¸Ï ,á¼Î½á¿ÎµÎ¹ Ïὺν Ïá¿· ÏαÏÏá½· .Îαὶ á¼Î³Ïá½·ÏÎ·Ï Î¼á½²Î½ ÏÏá½¸Ï Ïá¿· ÎαλαύÏῳ á½Ïει ,ÏληÏίον á¼Î½Î¸á½³Î¼Î¿Ï ÏοÏαμοῦ ,ÏÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Ïá¾· .
After the fall of Troy, Aeneas, taking his father Anchises with him, escaped. Shipwrecked around Athos, he ascended there with his father. And Anchises on Kalauros mount, near the Anthemos river, died.
32 Zonaras, Epitome Historiarum, 18. 9. 6 Dindorf (1871)
á½Ï ÏούÏῳ ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î±Î»á½¼Î½ καÏá½± Ïι ÏÏÏίον ÎαλαβÏύην λεγόμενον διὰ Ïὸ καÏá½±ÏÏÏ Ïον εἶναι Ïὸν Ïá½¹Ïον βÏá½»ÏεÏιν á½Î´á½±ÏÏν Ïολλαá¿Ï Ïε καὶ á¼Î³Î±Î¸Î±á¿Ï ῥᾳδίÏÏ Ïá¿Ï á¼ÎºÎµá½·Î½Î¿Ï ÏεÏιεγένεÏο ÏÏÏαÏÎ¹á¾¶Ï .
He [Komnenos], having come into conflict with these [Bryennios] in the country of Kalabrye, so called because the place was alluvial due to numerous and good springs of water, easily defeated the army.
33 Lokroi Kalabroi Inscription, Kaibel (1890)
ÎÎΤÎÎÎÎÎΣÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎΠΤΠΠÎΡÎÎÎΩ ÎÎÎ ÎΡÎÎ¥ÎÎÎÎÎ ÎΠΤÎÎ¥ ÎÎÎΦÎÎÎÎ¥ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ¥ ÎÎÎΣ ÎΡΥÎΠΤÎΥΤΠÎÎÎÎÎΡÎΥΣΠÎÎÎΡÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎΡÎÎ
The Locrenses Calabri consecrate this castle to the Sacrosanct goddess Athena Parthenos, who springs from the head of the Great Zeus.