Edible insects and food safety: allergy

J.C. Ribeiro; B. Sousa-Pinto; J. Fonseca; S. Caldas Fonseca; L.M. Cunha

Edible insects and food safety: allergy

In: Advancement of insects as food and feed in a circular economy

Authors:

J.C. Ribeiro

J.C. Ribeiro GreenUPorto – Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vila do Conde Portugal

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B. Sousa-Pinto

B. Sousa-Pinto MEDCIDS – Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto Portugal
Laboratory of Immunology, Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto Portugal
CINTESIS – Centre for Health Technology and Services Research Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, s/n 4200-450 Porto Portugal

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J. Fonseca

J. Fonseca MEDCIDS – Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto Portugal
CINTESIS – Centre for Health Technology and Services Research Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, s/n 4200-450 Porto Portugal
Allergy Unit, CUF Porto Institute & Hospital Estrada da Circunvalação 14341, 4100-180 Porto Portugal

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S. Caldas Fonseca

S. Caldas Fonseca GreenUPorto – Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vila do Conde Portugal

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, and

L.M. Cunha

L.M. Cunha GreenUPorto – Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vila do Conde Portugal

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 575–601

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004707689_24

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Abstract

Edible insects are a unique food source, requiring extensive allergenic risk assessment before its safe introduction in the food market. In a recent systematic review, crustacean allergic subjects were identified as a risk group due to cross-reactivity mainly mediated by tropomyosin and arginine kinase. Immunologic co-sensitisation to house dust mites (HDM) was also demonstrated, but its clinical significance and molecular mechanisms were unclear. Furthermore, case reports of food allergy to insects were also analysed but lack of contextual information hindered the analysis. The main goal of this review is to provide an update of new information regarding food allergy caused by insects, covering relevant topics considering the guidelines for allergic risk assessment in novel foods. Newly published studies have further confirmed the role of tropomyosin as a cross-reactive allergen between edible insects and crustaceans, although there are some questions regarding the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-reactivity of this allergen in mealworm species. Furthermore, only specific treatments (enzymatic hydrolysis combined with thermal treatments) were able to eliminate IgE-reactivity of edible insects. Primary sensitisation (e.g. to Tenebrio molitor) has also been shown to be an important pathway for the development of food allergies, with responsible allergens being dependent on the route of sensitisation. However, more studies are necessary to better understand the potential of primary sensitisation causing cross-reactivity with other insect species, crustaceans or HDM. The clinical significance and molecular mechanisms involved in cross-reactivity between edible insects and HDM are still unclear, and a major focus should be given to better understand which allergens cause co-sensitisations between HDM and edible insects and what is the risk of HDM-only allergic subjects consuming edible insects. Contextual information about the reported cases of allergic reactions to insects have further demonstrated that insect-rearing workers and subjects with allergic diseases (in particular, food allergy to crustaceans) are the major risk groups.

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Advancement of insects as food and feed in a circular economy

Series: Series of Insects as Food and Feed

E-Book ISBN:: 9789004707689

Publisher:: Wageningen Academic

Print Publication Date:: 15 Nov 2024

Subjects
- Life Sciences
  - General

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Edible insects and food safety: allergy

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Advancement of insects as food and feed in a circular economy

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