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Acknowledgments

In: Death of the Covenant Code: Capital Punishment in Old Greek Exodus in Light of Greco-Egyptian Law
Author:
Joel Korytko
Joel Korytko
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Abstract

This work examines the biblical book of Exodus in its Greek translation from the third century BCE. The focal point of analysis is on laws that involve the death penal-ty, whether in the Hebrew or Greek texts. Using a method which prioritizes the eval-uation of the translated text in comparison to its source text, the present work ar-gues that laws involving the death penalty in Greek Exodus in no small way depart from the Hebrew text’s contents. This conclusion becomes clearer when the lan-guage, syntax, and traits of the Greek legal genre are combined with this comparison of the translation to its parent text. Through creative translation practices, the trans-lator of Exodus takes steps to remove or obscure capital punishment in some laws, add this penalty to another, or otherwise render a Hebrew law’s content in such a way that minimizes the scope or practicability of the capitally punishable offence. One such innovative measure of the translation is in the use of a Ptolemaic legal-syntactic trait that limits the practicability of a given legal command. Here the trans-lator draws on the scribal habits and rules of Greco-Egyptian law from the third cen-tury. In other cases, the translator renders with terms or phrases that superficially represent the Hebrew source text but do not semantically correspond to the Hebrew text in the Greek translation. This project points out these occurrences by means of comparison with the literary and documentary source materials from around the time of the translation. A particular interest is given to Greek legal materials. Out of this translation-technical data emerges the hypothesis that the translator of Exodus rendered these laws in such a way that they might coincide with the legal values and potentially the legal practices of the ethnic superpower of the day (the Greeks). Rel-evant comparisons are made in order to substantiate this observation.

Acknowledgments

The ideas represented in this monograph are the culmination of nearly half a decade of work, beginning with the final project of a master’s degree. So many have been a support to me during what seems like a lifetime. Above all, I could not have made it far past the starting line if it were not for my family. My wife, April, has been my greatest advocate and the one to keep me grounded when the vicissitudes of life tried to deter me. My children continually brought a smile to my face amidst the challenges of moving across the sea to a new culture and country. Birthing and raising a newborn only one month into our new living arrangements is also a feat of which my wife deserves untold credit. For the days spent with our children in that small, “insane-asylum white” apartment while I was away putting this research together, I will always be grateful. For bearing with me in an intense season of chronic pain during my studies, and ultimately helping me to finally overcome it, what could I say?

Without the academic mentoring and partnership of Larry Perkins it is very possible that this project’s hypothesis would have remained hidden for some time. My thanks belong to him for guiding me in the earlier stages of our work together. Likewise, I am astonished at the dedication of Dr Alison Salvesen who took me on in doctoral supervision while at the same time dealing with so many other unexpected and pressing matters. Never once did I feel neglected, and the final year and edition of my project was successful thanks to her. Appreciation must also be expressed for scholars who have come alongside me over the years. Here the advice, opportunities, and friendship from Robert Hiebert and more recently Benjamin Wright stand out. To them can be added others who showed me both personal and professional concern while living in Oxford. For this I owe thanks to John Screnock, Jean Maurais, Hindy Najman, and the late James Aitken. Part of this research’s success is owed to the editorial support provided by Steel Lane and Jacob Cerone. Thank you both for your assistance.

This project could not have been completed without the doctoral fellowship provided to me by The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. I am grateful for their support in my doctoral studies. Similarly, thank you, dad (and Susan), for helping me get off on the right foot in my first year. Thank you, mom, for assisting with our housing as we lived in Oxford. Both of your support means the world to me. Thank you, Chandehl and David, for your early financial support.

Learning to succeed in a project like this under the circumstances I faced is the result of a family taking me in as a young man. Thank you, Bentley, for helping me discover the wisdom to get here. The endless days and nights you and Stella gave to me taught me how to walk in the world.

Finally, my thanks go out to Northwest Seminary & College (particularly to Howard Andersen and Jonathan Numada) for believing in my scholarship, encouraging me to publish this monograph, and providing me with the means and time to write.

ἐξ αὐτοῦ καὶ δι’ αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν τὰ πάντα· αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας

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Death of the Covenant Code: Capital Punishment in Old Greek Exodus in Light of Greco-Egyptian Law

Series:  Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism, Volume: 211
Cover Death of the Covenant Code: Capital Punishment in Old Greek Exodus in Light of Greco-Egyptian Law
E-Book ISBN:
9789004682047
Publisher:
Brill
Print Publication Date:
16 Aug 2023
  • Subjects
    • Ancient Near East and Egypt
      • Law
    • Biblical Studies
      • Hebrew Bible
    • Jewish Studies
      • Jewish Law
Front Matter
Preliminary Material
Copyright Page
Acknowledgments
Tables
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Approaching Greek Exodus and Greco-Egyptian Law
Chapter 2 Greek-Legal Paradigms and Techniques
Chapter 3 Exodus 21 and Laws Involving the Death Penalty
Chapter 4 Exodus 22 and Laws Involving the Death Penalty
Chapter 5 Implications and Conclusion
Back Matter
Appendix 1: Patterns in Command Verbs from Ptolemaic/Hellenistic Law
Appendix 2: More Information on πᾶν/πάντα
Bibliography
Index of Ancient Sources
Index of Modern Authors

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