1 Leonardo da Vinci, Caricature of a Man with Bushy Hair, ca. 1495 4
2 Agostino Carracci, Studies and Sketches for Figures (verso), 1557–1602 5
3 Carlo Maratti, Caricature Heads of a Pope and Six Cardinals, 1640–1713 8
1.1 Leonardo da Vinci, Heads in Profile to the Right, ca. 1478 14
1.2 Leonardo da Vinci, An Old and a Young Man Confronted, Half-Length and in Profile, ca. 1495 16
1.3 Leonardo da Vinci, Seven Grotesquely Deformed Heads of Old Men, ca. 1488–90 19
1.4 Francesco Melzi after Leonardo da Vinci, Three Busts of Poets in Profile to the Left, ca. 1560 20
1.5 Leonardo da Vinci, Bust of an Old Florentine Man with a Deformed Face in Profile to the Right, ca. 1490 25
1.6 Leonardo da Vinci, Bust of an Old Woman with a Bird-like Face in Profile to the Left, ca. 1490 26
1.7 Leonardo da Vinci, Head and Bust of a Man with a Dog-like Face Wearing a Flat-Topped Hat in Profile to the Left, ca. 1490 27
1.8 Leonardo da Vinci, Head and Bust of a Man with a Goat-like Face in Profile to the Left, ca. 1490 28
1.9 Leonardo da Vinci, A Grinning Old Man Offering a Flower to an Old Woman with a Monstrous Face in Old-Fashioned Dress, Half-Length, ca. 1490 30
1.10 Attributed to Francesco Melzi, Bust of an Old Woman in Profile to the Left, ca. 1560 31
1.11 Francesco Melzi after Leonardo da Vinci, The Bust of an Old Woman in Profile and the Bust of an Old Man with a Monstrous Face Wearing a Flat-Topped Hat, Confronted, ca. 1560 33
1.12 Leonardo da Vinci, An Old Man Wearing an Oak Wreath Surrounded by Four Malevolent Figures, ca. 1494. * This drawing is listed as Study of Five Grotesque Heads (‘A Man Tricked by Gypsies’) in Chapters 6 and 10 34
1.13 Leonardo da Vinci, Bust of a Man with a Monstrous Face in Profile to the Right, ca. 1503–5 36
2.1 Attributed to Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, Grotesque Head, ca. 1560s 41
2.2 Attributed to Francesco Melzi, Five Grotesque Heads, ca. 1510–20 (?) 42
2.3 Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, Last Supper, 1561 43
2.4 Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, Self-Portrait as Abbot of the Accademia della Val di Blenio, ca. 1568 44
2.5 Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, Head and Shoulders of a Man in Profile to Left with a Devilish Masque Costume Hat, ca. 1560–70 46
2.6 Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, Or Boglia (The Executioner), ca. 1560–70 48
2.7 Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, Caputàgn Nasotra (Our Captain), ca. 1560–70 49
2.8 Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, L’Ostinat Giambogn (Stubborn Ham), ca. 1560–70 50
2.9 Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, Or Compà Digliagor (Companion Devil), ca. 1560–70 51
2.10 Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, detail of Or Compà Digliagor (Companion Devil), ca. 1560–70 51
2.11 Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, Libro dei Sogni, ca. 1563 52
2.12 Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, detail of Libro dei Sogni, ca. 1563 52
2.13 Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, Head of a Man Wearing a Pointed Hat, Bust Length, in Profile, Facing Right (Compà Vanetto), ca. 1560–70 53
2.14 Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, Teofilo Folengo (Merlin Cocalio) and Cocal, ca. 1560–70 54
3.1 Sebastiano del Piombo, Judith (or Salome?), 1510 56
3.2 Sebastiano del Piombo, detail of The Meeting of the Virgin and Elizabeth (The Visitation), ca. 1533–36 57
3.3 Sebastiano del Piombo after a design by Michelangelo, detail of The Flagellation of Christ, ca. 1540 58
3.4 Sebastiano del Piombo, Seated Prophet and an Angel, Study for the Left Spandrel of the Borgherini Chapel, ca. 1518 58
3.5 Leonardo da Vinci, Study of Two Warriors’ Heads for the Battle of Anghiari, ca. 1504–5 61
3.6 Leonardo da Vinci, Study of Two Heads in Profile and Studies of Machines, 1478 62
3.7 Sebastiano del Piombo and Raphael, Polyphemus and Galatea; Daedalus and Icarus and Juno on Her Chariot, 1511–12 63
3.8 Sebastiano del Piombo, detail of Polyphemus, 1511–12 64
3.9 Sebastiano del Piombo, Polyphemus, 1511 65
3.10 View of graffiti behind detached fresco panel, under Polyphemus fresco, graffiti dated 1511–12 66
3.11 View of graffiti behind detached fresco panel, under Galatea fresco, graffiti dated 1511–12 67
3.12 Sebastiano del Piombo, Profile of a Cyclops, 1511 70
3.13 Sebastiano del Piombo, Polyphemus, 1511 71
3.14 Sebastiano del Piombo, Head, 1511 72
3.15 Sebastiano del Piombo, Head, 1511 73
3.16 Sebastiano del Piombo, Head Looking Upwards, 1511 74
3.17 Sebastiano del Piombo, Portrait of Ferry Carondelet with His Secretaries, ca. 1510–12 76
3.18 Sebastiano del Piombo, detail of Portrait of Ferry Carondelet with His Secretaries, ca. 1510–12 77
3.19 Sebastiano del Piombo, detail of The Meeting of the Virgin and Elizabeth (The Visitation), ca. 1533–36 77
4.1 Domenico Campagnola, Two Shepherds Kissing in a Landscape, 1518–20 83
4.2 Domenico Campagnola, Pietà, 1517 85
4.3 Domenico Campagnola, Assumption of the Virgin, 1517 87
4.4 Hans Holbein, Letter D with Dancing Peasants, 1525 88
4.5 Benedetto Montagna, Peasants Fighting, ca. 1515–20 88
4.6 Domenico Campagnola, Sacra Conversazione in a Landscape, 1517 92
4.7 Domenico Campagnola, Pietà with Saints Christopher and Michael, 1518–20 92
4.8 Domenico Campagnola, Adoration of the Magi, 1518 94
4.9 Domenico Campagnola, The Murder, 1518–20 98
4.10 Giulio Sanuto after? Domenico Campagnola, Bacchanal, 1525–30 100
5.1 William Hogarth, Characters and Caricaturas, 1743 104
5.2 Book illustration showing pictorial guessing games (divinarelli) of Agostino Carracci. Carlo Cesare Malvasia, Felsina Pittrice: Vite de pittori bolognesi (Bologna, 1678) 109
5.3 Agostino Carracci, Caricature Heads, 1594 112
5.4 Annibale Carracci, Caricature Heads, n.d. (ca. 1595?) 113
5.5 Attributed to Antonio Carracci, A Landscape with a Cloaked Figure (Rinaldo Corradini) Riding a Donkey, n.d. (ca. 1600?) 116
5.6 Annibale Carracci, A Putto Defecating on an Altar and a Caricature of a Man in Profile, n.d. (ca. 1595?) 117
5.7 Agostino Carracci, Caricatures of (three) Men, n.d. (1600?) 118
5.8 Domenichino, Caricature of the Aldobrandini Theologian, 1634 121
5.9 Copy after (?) Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Caricature Portrait of Cassiano dal Pozzo, n.d. 123
5.10 Annibale Carracci, Caricatures of a Seated and a Standing Philosopher, n.d. (ca. 1600?) 124
5.11 Arthur Pond after Annibale Carracci, Due Filosofi, ca. 1736–40 125
6.1 Guercino, Youth Alarmed by a Monstrous Creature Striding along the Shore, ca. 1620–25 128
6.2 Guercino, detail of Youth Alarmed by a Monstrous Creature Striding along the Shore, ca. 1620–25 130
6.3 Guercino, An Ape-like Witch Holding a Lighted Candle, ca. 1630s 131
6.4 Guercino, detail of Head of a Youth (verso of a double-sided drawing), 1622–23 133
6.5 Guercino, Caricature Portrait of Fra Bonaventura Bisi (1601–59), ca. 1640s 135
6.6 Guercino, Scowling Bearded Man, ca. 1630s 136
6.7 Guercino, An Emaciated Man Wearing a High Hat, ca. 1630s 137
6.8 Guercino, Two Men in Broad-Brimmed, High-Crowned Hats, ca. 1630s 139
6.9 Guercino, Head of a Peasant in Profile to the Left, ca. 1630s 140
6.10 Guercino, Grotesque Head with Enormous Eyes and a Hooked Nose, ca. 1630s 142
6.11 Guercino, Man with Deformed Lips, ca. 1630s 143
6.12 Jusepe de Ribera after Guercino, Bearded Jesuit Priest, Half-Length, in Profile to the Right, ca. 1640s 145
6.13 Livio Mehus after Guercino, Young Man with a Nose like the Snout of a Pig, ca. 1670 146
7.1 Bartolomeo Passerotti, Portrait of a Man in the Guise of Ulysses with Circe and Two Monsters (Allegorical Portrait of Ulisse Aldrovandi), ca. 1575 150
7.2 Bartolomeo Passerotti, Portrait of a Man in Armour, ca. 1575 152
7.3 Stradanus, Circe Turns Ulysses’s Companions into Swine, 1570 155
7.4 Stradanus, Ulysses on Island of Circe, 1561–62 156
7.5 Bartolomeo Passerotti, Screaming Monster (An Open-Mouthed Devil, Bust Length), ca. 1575 161
7.6 Guercino, A Grotesque Creature, ca. 1620–40 162
8.1 Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Cardinal Scipione Borghese, n.d. 168
8.2 Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Cardinal Scipione Borghese, n.d. 169
8.3 Gian Lorenzo Bernini, First Marble Bust of Cardinal Scipione Borghese, 1632 176
8.4 Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Double Caricature of a Prelate Wearing Eyeglasses, n.d 179
8.5 Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Bust-Length Profile of Man with a Mustache and Goatee, n.d 180
8.6 Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Bust-Length Profile of Man with a Mustache and Goatee, n.d. 181
8.7 Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Prelate in Profile with Elaborate Coiffeur and Gesturing with Gloved Hand, n.d. 182
8.8 Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Man in Profile with Elaborate Coiffeur and Gesturing with Gloved Hand to a Shorter Rotund Prelate, n.d. 183
8.9 Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Standing Profile of Cardinal Francesco Barberini, n.d. 184
8.10 Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Standing Profile of Cardinal Francesco Barberini, n.d. 185
10.1 Manuel Alegre after José Maca, Portrait of Jusepe de Ribera, 1791 200
10.2 Jusepe de Ribera, Large Grotesque Head, ca. 1622 201
10.3 Jusepe de Ribera, A Man with Goitre, ca. 1622 203
10.4 Jusepe de Ribera, Grotesque Head with Goitre, ca. 1620–25 204
10.5 Jusepe de Ribera, Small Grotesque Head, 1622 205
10.6 Jusepe de Ribera, The Bearded Woman Magdalena Ventura with Her Husband and a Child, 1631 206
10.7 Attributed to Geronimo de Novo Siculo, Head of a Man and Head of an Ass, 1586 212
10.8 Attributed to Geronimo de Novo Siculo, Head of a Man and Head of a Goat, 1586 213
10.9 Attributed to Geronimo de Novo Siculo, Head of a Man and Head of an Ox, 1586 213
10.10 Jusepe Ribera, Drunken Silenus, 1626 215